美国比特币矿机在减半中寻求海外新生

Will Older Bitcoin Mining Machines Find New Life Abroad?

旧的比特币矿机会在国外找到新的生命吗？

As the Bitcoin blockchain undergoes its quadrennial halving, a wave of older mining machines is expected to be decommissioned in the US. With the reward for mining set to be slashed in late April, miners are scrambling to upgrade to more efficient technology to offset the impact.

随着比特币区块链每四年减半一次，预计美国将退役一波旧矿机。随着四月下旬挖矿奖励将大幅削减，矿工们正争先恐后地升级到更高效的技术以抵消影响。

The Economics of Halving

减半的经济学

The halving event, scheduled for late April, will reduce the reward for miners by half, from 6.25 Bitcoin to 3.125 Bitcoin. This will make it more difficult for miners to turn a profit, especially those using older, less efficient machines.

定于 4 月下旬举行的减半活动将使矿工的奖励减少一半，从 6.25 比特币减少到 3.125 比特币。这将使矿工更难盈利，尤其是那些使用旧的、效率较低的机器的矿工。

Migration to Lower-Cost Regions

迁移到成本较低的地区

With electricity being the biggest expense for miners, companies are looking to lower their costs by relocating their older machines to regions with cheaper power. SunnySide Digital CEO Taras Kulyk notes that these machines can still generate decent profits in places like Ethiopia, Tanzania, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

由于电力是矿工最大的开支，公司正在寻求通过将旧机器迁移到电力更便宜的地区来降低成本。 SunnySide Digital 首席执行官 Taras Kulyk 指出，这些机器在埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、巴拉圭和乌拉圭等地仍然可以产生可观的利润。

The Exodus of S19 Series Machines

S19系列机器的出走

According to Ethan Vera of Luxor Technology, around 600,000 S19 series computers, which constitute the majority of machines currently in use, are being moved out of the US, primarily to Africa and South America.

Luxor Technology 的 Ethan Vera 表示，大约 600,000 台 S19 系列计算机（构成目前使用的计算机的大部分）正在被移出美国，主要运往非洲和南美洲。

Challenges for US-Based Miners

美国矿工面临的挑战

While some miners are opting to sell their older machines, others are choosing to relocate them to lower-cost regions. Nuo Xu, who operates two sites in Texas, is exploring locations in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and other countries for his 6,000 older computers.

虽然一些矿商选择出售旧机器，但其他矿商则选择将其迁移到成本较低的地区。 Nuo Xu 在德克萨斯州运营着两个站点，目前正在埃塞俄比亚、尼日利亚和其他国家寻找位置来存放他的 6,000 台旧计算机。

The Role of Hosting Fees

托管费的作用

For miners who don't have their own facilities, hosting fees play a significant role. Xu estimates that hosting fees in the US are around 7 cents per kilowatt hour, while in Ethiopia, they are closer to 5 cents. This difference can make a substantial impact on profitability.

对于没有自己的设施的矿工来说，托管费起着重要作用。 Xu 估计，美国的托管费约为每千瓦时 7 美分，而埃塞俄比亚则接近 5 美分。这种差异会对盈利能力产生重大影响。

Ethiopia's Rise as a Mining Hub

埃塞俄比亚作为矿业中心的崛起

Ethiopia has emerged as a major player in the digital mining ecosystem, with its low electricity costs and increased power generation. SunnySide Digital is negotiating a deal to move between 20,000 and 40,000 rigs to the East African nation.

埃塞俄比亚凭借其低廉的电力成本和增加的发电量，已成为数字采矿生态系统的主要参与者。 SunnySide Digital 正在就一项将 20,000 至 40,000 台钻机转移到东非国家的协议进行谈判。

The Dilemma for Publicly Traded Miners

公开交易矿工的困境

Publicly traded companies face challenges in relocating machines abroad due to risk-averse shareholders and concerns about transportation, breakage, and security. As a result, some companies, like Bit Digital, are opting to keep their older machines in storage, ready to be deployed when Bitcoin prices rise.

由于股东规避风险以及对运输、破损和安全的担忧，上市公司在将机器迁往国外方面面临挑战。因此，像 Bit Digital 这样的一些公司选择将旧机器存放起来，以便在比特币价格上涨时进行部署。

The Arms Race for Efficiency

效率军备竞赛

Miners have been investing heavily in new hardware to prepare for the halving. Since February 2023, the 13 major public Bitcoin-mining companies have placed orders for more than $1 billion worth of machines. Five of the biggest miners have raised over $2.7 billion in the past two years, and have added an additional $840 million this year.

矿商一直在大力投资新硬件，为减半做准备。自 2023 年 2 月以来，13 家主要上市比特币挖矿公司已下了价值超过 10 亿美元的机器订单。过去两年，五家最大的矿商筹集了超过 27 亿美元的资金，今年又增加了 8.4 亿美元。