多年来，不丹一直使用罕见的货币来衡量其经济和社会发展：幸福和可持续性。

但是，在日益增长的经济痛苦和脑力消耗的过程中，小型内陆的喜马拉雅王国正在采用新的进步象征，这将不丹推动不丹成为领先的角色

Bhutan, the small, landlocked Himalayan kingdom, is best known for measuring its economic and social development using uncommon currencies: happiness and sustainability.

不丹，小型内陆的喜马拉雅王国，以使用不常见的货币来衡量其经济和社会发展而闻名：幸福和可持续性。

But amid growing economic pains and a brain drain, the country is adopting a new emblem of progress, which is propelling Bhutan into a leading role, globally, in embracing financial innovation: Bitcoin.

但是，在日益增长的经济痛苦和脑力消耗的情况下，该国采用了一个新的进步象征，在全球范围内，不丹在全球范围内促进了金融创新：比特币。

Nestled between India and China, Bhutan – also the first country in the world to become carbon negative– has mined millions of dollars in the world’s most popular cryptocurrency in recent years, making an economic bet that almost no other country has, to the same extent.

不丹坐落在印度和中国之间，也是世界上第一个成为碳负面的国家 - 近年来在世界上最受欢迎的加密货币中开采了数百万美元，这使经济赌注几乎没有其他国家在同一程度上。

So, why is Bhutan going big on Bitcoin? How is it mining the energy-intensive cryptocurrency? How much wealth in Bitcoin does the country hold? And is its move risky, given the wild fluctuations in prices that the digital currency has witnessed over the years?

那么，为什么不丹在比特币上大放异彩？它如何挖掘能源密集型加密货币？该国拥有多少比特币的财富？鉴于数字货币多年来的价格发生了狂野的波动，它的行动是否有风险？

What is Bitcoin and how do you mine it?

什么是比特币，您如何挖掘它？

Bitcoin is the first decentralised, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency, created in 2008. It is not controlled by any government.

比特币是2008年创建的第一个分散的，点对点的加密货币。它不受任何政府的控制。

People can buy and sell cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, and these transactions are recorded on a shared ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoin has value because there is a finite number of Bitcoins that can exist on the blockchain, about 21 million. Most of these coins have been mined and approximately 1 million remain.

人们可以买卖比特币等加密货币，这些交易记录在一个名为“区块链”的共享分类帐中。比特币具有价值，因为区块链上可能存在有限数量的比特币，约有2100万。这些硬币中的大多数已被开采，约有100万个。

Bitcoin mining is the process through which new Bitcoins are officially added to the blockchain. To mine Bitcoin, an energy-guzzling supercomputer needs to solve a complex puzzle. This adds a new digital coin into circulation.

比特币采矿是正式将新比特币正式添加到区块链中的过程。要挖掘比特币，需要耗能的超级计算机需要解决复杂的难题。这将新的数字硬币添加到发行中。

How is Bhutan mining Bitcoin?

不丹采矿比特币如何？

Bhutan’s hydropower plants fuel supercomputers that solve complex problems to be rewarded with Bitcoin, which can be added to the blockchain.

不丹的水电厂为超级计算机提供了解决复杂的问题要用比特币奖励的问题，可以将其添加到区块链中。

“It’s just a simple strategic choice that many people have made and earned billions of dollars, and I think governments should do it,” Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay said.

“这只是许多人做出和赚取数十亿美元的简单战略选择，我认为政府应该这样做。”

Tobgay explained that during the summer months, there is more water flow and the hydropower plants generate more energy than needed.

Tobgay解释说，在夏季，水流越多，水力发电厂产生的能量超过了所需的能量。

“That’s where Bitcoin mining makes tremendous sense,” said Tobgay.

托比说：“那是比特币采矿具有巨大意义的地方。”

Why is Bhutan facing an economic crisis?

不丹为什么面临经济危机？

The country is in the midst of mounting economic challenges, and Bitcoin mining is among a set of steps the nation is taking to fight its way out of the crisis.

该国正面临经济挑战，比特币采矿是该国正在采取的一系列步骤，以摆脱危机。

The country has no outlet to the sea, and although – at a little more than 38,000 sq km (14,672 sq miles) – it is almost as big as Switzerland, most of this land is not arable due to its mountainous terrain. Bhutan imports most of its food from India, which Tobgay described as the kingdom’s “closest friend and neighbour”.

该国没有海上的出口，尽管在38,000平方公里（14,672平方英里）的情况下，它几乎和瑞士一样大，但由于其山区的地形，这片土地的大部分都无法耕种。不丹从印度进口了大部分食物，托比（Tobgay）将其描述为王国的“最亲密的朋友和邻居”。

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates Bhutan’s gross domestic product (GDP) to be $3.52bn in 2025. Based on this, tourism contributes about 3.4 percent to the country’s GDP.

国际货币基金组织（IMF）估计，不丹的国内生产总值（GDP）在2025年为35.2亿美元。基于此，旅游业为该国的GDP贡献了约3.4％。

However, after COVID-19 shook the industry, Bhutan has struggled to draw people back to visit its mountains, forests and Buddhist shrines.

但是，在Covid-19震惊了该行业之后，不丹一直在努力吸引人们参观其山区，森林和佛教神社。

Bhutan has long controlled how many tourists it hosts to ensure that its pristine ecology is not affected by a higher footfall than it can manage. It charges a sustainable development fee of $100 to foreign tourists. The only exception to this rule is tourists from India, who have to pay $15. Tobgay says the vision behind this is to attract “high-value and low-volume” tourists.

不丹长期以来一直控制着它主办多少游客，以确保其原始生态不会受到比其管理更高的影响。它向外国游客收取100美元的可持续发展费。该规则的唯一例外是印度的游客，他们必须支付15美元。 Tobgay说，这背后的愿景是吸引“高价值和小批量”的游客。

But now, Bhutan is struggling to get even the limited numbers of tourists it wants. According to Tobgay, the country can host approximately 300,000 tourists every year.

但是现在，不丹正努力获得甚至有限的游客。据托比（Tobgay）称，该国每年可以接待大约30万游客。

“Last year, I think about 150,000 tourists visited,” the prime minister said.

总理说：“去年，我认为约有15万游客访问了。”

Bhutan’s youth unemployment rate was 19 percent in 2024. The global average youth unemployment rate in 2023 was 13.6 percent, according to the World Bank.

不丹的青年失业率在2024年为19％。根据世界银行的数据，2023年的全球平均青年失业率为13.6％。

How might Bitcoin help Bhutan fight its economic challenges?

比特币如何帮助不丹应对其经济挑战？

One of the most potent symptoms of Bhutan’s crisis is the exodus of young, educated people to other countries in recent years – and their departure only compounds the country’s economic struggle.

不丹危机中最有效的症状之一是近年来年轻，受过教育的人的埃及，他们的离职只会使该国的经济斗争加剧。

In 2022 alone, more than 10 percent of Bhutan’s skilled and educated population left the country.

仅在2022年，不丹熟练和受过教育的人口中有10％以上离开了该国。

Australia, one of the major destination countries, saw its Bhutanese immigrant population more than double in five years between 2016 and 2021.

澳大利亚是主要目的地国家之一，在2016年至2021年期间，其不丹移民人口在五年中的两倍以上。

“We have jobs in Bhutan but they cannot compete against the wages that they can earn elsewhere in developed countries,” Tobgay said.

托布格说：“我们在不丹有工作，但他们无法与他们在发达国家其他地方赚取的工资竞争。”

This brain drain has also depleted Bhutan’s civil services. There was a sharp increase in civil servants quitting the system services since 2019, with the number of civil servants quitting

这种大脑排水也耗尽了不丹的公务员。自2019年以来，公务员退出系统服务的急剧增加，公务员人数辞职