委內瑞拉石油巨頭利用加密貨幣逃避美國制裁

在美國加強制裁的情況下，委內瑞拉國家石油公司 (PDVSA) 已轉向加密貨幣（主要是 USDT），以降低風險並確保其石油貿易收入。這一轉變使這家國有企業能夠繞過威脅其海外資產的財務限制，並保持收入穩定。向數位貨幣交易的過渡，包括預付 50% USDT 的要求，預計將促進石油銷售更加順暢並增強營運彈性，同時也為全球石油市場帶來挑戰。

Venezuela's Petrostate Leverages Cryptocurrency to Circumvent US Sanctions

委內瑞拉石油國利用加密貨幣規避美國制裁

Amid intensified economic sanctions imposed by the United States, Venezuela's state-owned oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), has accelerated its adoption of cryptocurrency, particularly Tether's USDT stablecoin, to safeguard its oil trade revenues and navigate the increasingly stringent financial restrictions.

在美國加大經濟制裁的背景下，委內瑞拉國營石油公司 Petroleos de Bulgaria, S.A. (PDVSA) 加速採用加密貨幣，尤其是 Tether 的 USDT 穩定幣，以保障其石油貿易收入並應對日益嚴格的金融制裁。限制。

Following the non-renewal of a general license that had permitted some trade between the United States and Venezuela, the US Treasury Department has set a May 31 deadline for businesses to cease all transactions with PDVSA. This move, driven by concerns over Venezuela's lack of progress in implementing electoral reforms, has prompted PDVSA to expedite its shift towards digital currency transactions.

在允許美國和委內瑞拉之間進行部分貿易的一般許可證不再續約後，美國財政部設定了 5 月 31 日為企業停止與 PDVSA 進行所有交易的最後期限。由於對委內瑞拉在實施選舉改革方面缺乏進展的擔憂，PDVSA 加快了向數位貨幣交易的轉變。

USDT, a stablecoin pegged to the US dollar, has emerged as a preferred choice for PDVSA, offering a less volatile alternative to traditional fiat currencies and mitigating the risk of asset seizure or freezing. This strategic pivot, initiated in 2023, has gained significant momentum in the wake of the reinstated sanctions.

USDT 是一種與美元掛鉤的穩定幣，已成為 PDVSA 的首選，它為傳統法定貨幣提供了波動性較小的替代品，並降低了資產被扣押或凍結的風險。這項戰略支點於 2023 年啟動，在製裁恢復後獲得了巨大動力。

PDVSA's transition to cryptocurrency-based payments has necessitated operational adjustments. The company now mandates a 50% prepayment in USDT for new contracts and spot oil deals, excluding swaps. This requirement applies to all new clients, who must possess a digital wallet containing the necessary cryptocurrency to conduct transactions with the Venezuelan oil corporation.

PDVSA 向基於加密貨幣的支付的過渡需要進行營運調整。該公司現在要求新合約和現貨石油交易（不包括掉期）以 USDT 預付款 50%。此要求適用於所有新客戶，他們必須擁有包含必要加密貨幣的數位錢包才能與委內瑞拉石油公司進行交易。

However, the widespread use of USDT and other digital currencies in oil trading remains limited, with the US dollar retaining its dominance in the global market. This has posed challenges for PDVSA, as many traders and compliance teams remain wary of Bitcoin transactions due to their non-traditional nature and potential regulatory implications.

然而，USDT和其他數位貨幣在石油交易中的廣泛使用仍然有限，美元在全球市場上仍然佔據主導地位。這給 PDVSA 帶來了挑戰，因為許多交易者和合規團隊仍然對比特幣交易保持警惕，因為比特幣交易的非傳統性質和潛在的監管影響。

Consequently, PDVSA has frequently resorted to intermediaries to facilitate these transactions, particularly when dealing with large markets like China. The global oil market is closely monitoring PDVSA's operational reforms, as Venezuela's adoption of cryptocurrency may set a precedent for other countries facing similar economic constraints.

因此，PDVSA 經常求助於中介機構來促進這些交易，特別是在與中國等大型市場打交道時。全球石油市場正在密切關注PDVSA的營運改革，因為委內瑞拉採用加密貨幣可能為其他面臨類似經濟限制的國家樹立先例。

Despite the challenges, Venezuela's oil minister, Pedro Tellechea, remains optimistic about the country's trading prospects and its ability to cope with the new sanctions. He has asserted that Venezuela will continue to sign contracts and pursue oil and gas projects during the wind-down period imposed by the US and will seek individual oil transaction licenses thereafter.

儘管面臨挑戰，委內瑞拉石油部長佩德羅·特萊切亞仍然對該國的貿易前景及其應對新制裁的能力持樂觀態度。他聲稱，委內瑞拉將在美國規定的緩衝期內繼續簽署合約並開展石油和天然氣項目，並在此後尋求個人石油交易許可證。

The success of Venezuela's cryptocurrency-based oil trading strategy hinges on the broader adoption of digital currencies in international trade, particularly among major oil-consuming nations. As the global oil market undergoes transformation, PDVSA's pivot to cryptocurrency is a bold experiment that could have far-reaching implications for the industry and provide a lifeline for Venezuela's struggling economy.

委內瑞拉基於加密貨幣的石油交易策略的成功取決於數位貨幣在國際貿易中更廣泛的採用，特別是在主要石油消費國之間。隨著全球石油市場經歷轉型，PDVSA 轉向加密貨幣是一項大膽的實驗，可能對該行業產生深遠影響，並為委內瑞拉陷入困境的經濟提供生命線。