委内瑞拉石油巨头利用加密货币逃避美国制裁

在美国加强制裁的情况下，委内瑞拉国家石油公司 (PDVSA) 已转向加密货币（主要是 USDT），以降低风险并保障其石油贸易收入。这一转变使这家国有企业能够绕过威胁其海外资产的财务限制，并保持收入稳定。向数字货币交易的过渡，包括预付 50% USDT 的要求，预计将促进石油销售更加顺畅并增强运营灵活性，同时也给全球石油市场带来挑战。

Venezuela's Petrostate Leverages Cryptocurrency to Circumvent US Sanctions

委内瑞拉石油国利用加密货币规避美国制裁

Amid intensified economic sanctions imposed by the United States, Venezuela's state-owned oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), has accelerated its adoption of cryptocurrency, particularly Tether's USDT stablecoin, to safeguard its oil trade revenues and navigate the increasingly stringent financial restrictions.

在美国加大经济制裁力度的背景下，委内瑞拉国有石油公司 Petroleos de Bulgaria, S.A. (PDVSA) 加速采用加密货币，尤其是 Tether 的 USDT 稳定币，以保障其石油贸易收入并应对日益严格的金融制裁。限制。

Following the non-renewal of a general license that had permitted some trade between the United States and Venezuela, the US Treasury Department has set a May 31 deadline for businesses to cease all transactions with PDVSA. This move, driven by concerns over Venezuela's lack of progress in implementing electoral reforms, has prompted PDVSA to expedite its shift towards digital currency transactions.

在允许美国和委内瑞拉之间进行部分贸易的一般许可证不再续签后，美国财政部设定了 5 月 31 日为企业停止与 PDVSA 进行所有交易的最后期限。由于对委内瑞拉在实施选举改革方面缺乏进展的担忧，PDVSA 加快了向数字货币交易的转变。

USDT, a stablecoin pegged to the US dollar, has emerged as a preferred choice for PDVSA, offering a less volatile alternative to traditional fiat currencies and mitigating the risk of asset seizure or freezing. This strategic pivot, initiated in 2023, has gained significant momentum in the wake of the reinstated sanctions.

USDT 是一种与美元挂钩的稳定币，已成为 PDVSA 的首选，它为传统法定货币提供了波动性较小的替代品，并降低了资产被扣押或冻结的风险。这一战略支点于 2023 年启动，在制裁恢复后获得了巨大动力。

PDVSA's transition to cryptocurrency-based payments has necessitated operational adjustments. The company now mandates a 50% prepayment in USDT for new contracts and spot oil deals, excluding swaps. This requirement applies to all new clients, who must possess a digital wallet containing the necessary cryptocurrency to conduct transactions with the Venezuelan oil corporation.

PDVSA 向基于加密货币的支付的过渡需要进行运营调整。该公司现在要求新合同和现货石油交易（不包括掉期）以 USDT 预付款 50%。此要求适用于所有新客户，他们必须拥有包含必要加密货币的数字钱包才能与委内瑞拉石油公司进行交易。

However, the widespread use of USDT and other digital currencies in oil trading remains limited, with the US dollar retaining its dominance in the global market. This has posed challenges for PDVSA, as many traders and compliance teams remain wary of Bitcoin transactions due to their non-traditional nature and potential regulatory implications.

然而，USDT和其他数字货币在石油交易中的广泛使用仍然有限，美元在全球市场上仍然占据主导地位。这给 PDVSA 带来了挑战，因为许多交易者和合规团队仍然对比特币交易保持警惕，因为比特币交易的非传统性质和潜在的监管影响。

Consequently, PDVSA has frequently resorted to intermediaries to facilitate these transactions, particularly when dealing with large markets like China. The global oil market is closely monitoring PDVSA's operational reforms, as Venezuela's adoption of cryptocurrency may set a precedent for other countries facing similar economic constraints.

因此，PDVSA 经常求助于中介机构来促进这些交易，特别是在与中国等大型市场打交道时。全球石油市场正在密切关注PDVSA的运营改革，因为委内瑞拉采用加密货币可能为其他面临类似经济限制的国家树立先例。

Despite the challenges, Venezuela's oil minister, Pedro Tellechea, remains optimistic about the country's trading prospects and its ability to cope with the new sanctions. He has asserted that Venezuela will continue to sign contracts and pursue oil and gas projects during the wind-down period imposed by the US and will seek individual oil transaction licenses thereafter.

尽管面临挑战，委内瑞拉石油部长佩德罗·特莱切亚仍然对该国的贸易前景及其应对新制裁的能力持乐观态度。他声称，委内瑞拉将在美国规定的缓冲期内继续签署合同并开展石油和天然气项目，并在此后寻求个人石油交易许可证。

The success of Venezuela's cryptocurrency-based oil trading strategy hinges on the broader adoption of digital currencies in international trade, particularly among major oil-consuming nations. As the global oil market undergoes transformation, PDVSA's pivot to cryptocurrency is a bold experiment that could have far-reaching implications for the industry and provide a lifeline for Venezuela's struggling economy.

委内瑞拉基于加密货币的石油交易战略的成功取决于数字货币在国际贸易中更广泛的采用，特别是在主要石油消费国之间。随着全球石油市场经历转型，PDVSA 转向加密货币是一项大胆的实验，可能对该行业产生深远影响，并为委内瑞拉陷入困境的经济提供生命线。