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阿拉伯聯合大公國免除了數位資產持有者對其交易繳納的增值稅(VAT),將傳統金融服務享有的相同豁免擴展到新興產業。
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has extended value-added tax (VAT) exemptions to digital asset holders, aligning the nascent sector with traditional financial services. Meanwhile, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has proposed higher taxes for bitcoin miners to reduce their carbon footprint.
阿拉伯聯合大公國(UAE)已將增值稅(VAT)豁免範圍擴大到數位資產持有者,使新興產業與傳統金融服務保持一致。同時,國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)提議對比特幣礦工徵收更高的稅,以減少他們的碳足跡。
UAE extends VAT exemptions to digital assets
阿聯酋將增值稅豁免範圍擴大到數位資產
The Federal Tax Authority (FTA) of the UAE has amended VAT regulations to exempt the transfer and conversion of digital assets, effective November 15, according to a recent update. The amendments were approved by the Cabinet earlier this year and cover other digital asset-related services, such as managing investment funds focused on digital tokens.
根據最新更新,阿聯酋聯邦稅務局 (FTA) 已修訂增值稅法規,免除數位資產的轉讓和轉換,自 11 月 15 日起生效。這些修正案於今年稍早獲得內閣批准,涵蓋其他數位資產相關服務,例如管理專注於數位代幣的投資基金。
However, the exemptions do not apply to financial securities or the digital representation of fiat currencies. The tax exemptions will be retroactively applied from January 2018, allowing virtual asset service providers (VASPs) in the UAE to claim input tax recovery for the VAT paid during those six years.
但是,豁免不適用於金融證券或法定貨幣的數字表示。免稅政策將從 2018 年 1 月起追溯適用,允許阿聯酋的虛擬資產服務提供者 (VASP) 就這六年內繳納的增值稅申請進項稅返還。
According to Ankita Dhawan of Metis Institute, a boutique advisory, the VAT exemption essentially places digital assets in the same category as traditional financial services, several of which are already exempt from the tax. This move legitimizes virtual assets and aligns with the European Union (EU), which scrapped VAT for digital asset transactions almost a decade ago.
精品諮詢機構 Metis Institute 的 Ankita Dhawan 表示,增值稅豁免實質上將數位資產與傳統金融服務歸為同一類別,其中一些服務已經免稅。此舉使虛擬資產合法化,並與歐盟 (EU) 保持一致,歐盟在近十年前取消了數位資產交易的增值稅。
In 2015, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the exchange of a digital asset for fiat is exempt from VAT in a case referred by a Swedish court. However, some services, like mining and wallets, could be subject to taxes based on the individual country's laws.
2015年,歐盟法院在瑞典法院提交的案件中裁定,將數位資產兌換為法定貨幣可免徵增值稅。但是,某些服務(例如挖礦和錢包)可能需要根據各個國家/地區的法律納稅。
The United Kingdom followed the EU's lead and exempted digital asset exchanges from VAT, classifying them as a supply of a financial service. Australia and Singapore also exempt the exchange of digital assets for fiat from the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
英國效仿歐盟的做法,免除了數位資產交易所的增值稅,將其歸類為金融服務的提供。澳洲和新加坡也免除了將數位資產兌換為法定貨幣的商品和服務稅(GST)。
Other jurisdictions that exempt digital asset exchange from GST, VAT, or consumption tax include Canada, Switzerland, and Japan.
其他免徵數位資產交易商品及服務稅、增值稅或消費稅的司法管轄區包括加拿大、瑞士和日本。
IMF calls for higher taxes on bitcoin miners to reduce carbon footprint
國際貨幣基金組織呼籲對比特幣礦工徵收更高的稅以減少碳足跡
In contrast to the UAE's move to reduce the tax burden on the digital asset sector, the IMF is calling for higher taxes for bitcoin miners and artificial intelligence (AI) data centers due to their rapidly increasing energy consumption and carbon footprint.
與阿聯酋減輕數位資產行業稅負的舉措相反,國際貨幣基金組織呼籲對比特幣礦工和人工智慧(AI)數據中心徵收更高的稅收,因為它們的能源消耗和碳足跡迅速增加。
In a blog post, IMF executives Shafik Hebous and Nate Vernon-Lin criticized digital assets and AI for being "power-hungry." They claimed that one bitcoin transaction consumes the same energy as an average Pakistani does in three years, while a ChatGPT query uses 10 times more energy than a Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) search.
國際貨幣基金組織高管沙菲克·赫布斯(Shafik Hebous)和內特·弗農-林(Nate Vernon-Lin)在一篇博文中批評數位資產和人工智慧「耗電」。他們聲稱,一筆比特幣交易消耗的能源相當於普通巴基斯坦人三年內消耗的能源,而 ChatGPT 查詢消耗的能源是谷歌(納斯達克股票代碼:GOOGL)搜尋的 10 倍。
According to the IMF's research, digital asset miners could generate 0.7% of all carbon dioxide emissions by 2027, while data centers could hit 1.2% of the global total or 450 million tons.
根據國際貨幣基金組織的研究,到2027 年,數位資產礦工的二氧化碳排放量可能佔全球二氧化碳排放總量的0.7%,而資料中心的二氧化碳排放量可能佔全球總量的1.2%,即4.5 億噸。
The organization suggests a direct tax of $0.047 per kilowatt hour for bitcoin miners, which it believes would bring them up to global standards. Considering other factors, like the impact of air pollution on the health of the surrounding communities, this tax should hit $0.089. This would result in an 85% increase in the average price of electricity for miners.
該組織建議對比特幣礦工徵收每千瓦時 0.047 美元的直接稅,認為這將使他們達到全球標準。考慮到其他因素,例如空氣污染對週邊社區健康的影響,這項稅收應達到 0.089 美元。這將導致礦工的平均電價上漲 85%。
On the other hand, it would generate $5.2 billion in global revenue and a reduction in annual emissions by 100 million tons.
另一方面,它將為全球帶來52億美元的收入,並每年減少1億噸的排放量。
With electricity accounting for up to 80% of the miners' total costs, this would significantly impact a sector that has already been struggling, with most public miners recording losses in the first half of the year.
由於電力佔礦商總成本的比例高達 80%,這將對本已陷入困境的行業產生重大影響,大多數公共礦商在今年上半年都出現了虧損。
The IMF acknowledges that the situation is the opposite in many jurisdictions, where miners enjoy generous tax exemptions and other financial incentives.
國際貨幣基金組織承認,許多司法管轄區的情況恰恰相反,礦工享受慷慨的免稅和其他經濟誘因。
In Texas, for example, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) has faced backlash from residents and legislators for cutting deals with bitcoin miners to compensate them for reducing their energy consumption during peak demand periods. In one instance, ERCOT paid Riot Blockchain (NASDAQ:RIOT) over $31 million not to mine.
例如,在德州,德州電力可靠性委員會(ERCOT)因與比特幣礦工達成交易以補償他們在高峰需求期間減少能源消耗而遭到居民和立法者的強烈反對。在一個例子中,ERCOT 向 Riot Blockchain(納斯達克股票代碼:RIOT)支付了超過 3,100 萬美元,以阻止其挖礦。
Beyond taxes, the IMF also advocates for "credits for zero-emission, bilateral power purchase agreements, and potentially renewable energy certificates."
除了稅收之外,國際貨幣基金組織還提倡「零排放信貸、雙邊購電協議和潛在的再生能源證書」。
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