特朗普宣布計劃“加密戰略儲備”

照片插圖顯示了加密貨幣硬幣與$ Trump Meme Coin（Collection Coin）的代表

Former President Donald Trump announced plans for a "Crypto Strategic Reserve," which would set up the United States to buy and sell cryptocurrency and could be a game changer for the industry.

前總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）宣布了“加密戰略儲備”計劃，該計劃將建立美國以買賣加密貨幣，並可能成為該行業的遊戲規則改變者。

In posts on Truth Social on Sunday, Trump said a reserve was in the works as part of his executive order on digital assets issued in January. He said the reserve is slated to hold five cryptocurrencies — bitcoin, ether XRP, solana and cardano.

在周日的真相社交帖子中，特朗普說，作為他一月份發出的數字資產行政命令的一部分，預備役正在製作。他說，該保護區計劃持有五種加密貨幣 - 比特幣，以太XRP，Solana和Cardano。

The prospect of a reserve is a major step in Trump's vision to establish the U.S. as the crypto capital of the world — which was one of his promises during his bid for president last year.

儲備的前景是特朗普將美國作為世界加密之都的願景的重要一步，這是他去年競標總統期間的承諾之一。

Here's what to know.

這是要知道的。

The U.S. already has several strategic stockpiles, including military and medical equipment. The idea is that the government can tap into these special stashes in times of need.

美國已經有幾種戰略儲備，包括軍事和醫療設備。這個想法是，政府可以在需要的時候利用這些特殊的藏匿處。

A stockpile and a reserve are sometimes used interchangeably, but a reserve often refers to the government taking a more active role in managing the assets than with a stockpile. Notably, Trump's executive order in January established a working group to evaluate creating a stockpile, but does not refer to a reserve.

有時會互換使用庫存和儲備金，但是儲備通常是指政府在管理資產方面發揮比庫存更為積極的作用。值得注意的是，特朗普在一月份的行政命令建立了一個工作組，以評估創建庫存，但並不是指儲備金。

Maintaining a federal reserve would likely mean the government would be actively buying and selling cryptocurrency. While supporters say the profits from crypto could be used to reduce the nation's large debt, critics argue that crypto is historically volatile and a speculative investment.

維持美聯儲可能意味著政府將積極購買和銷售加密貨幣。雖然支持者表示，加密貨幣的利潤可用於減少美國的巨額債務，但批評家認為加密貨幣在歷史上是動蕩的，並且是投機性的投資。

Eswar Prasad, a professor of trade policy at Cornell University who wrote the book The Future of Money about digital currencies, said the U.S. has a precedent for holding a stockpile of a speculative asset: gold. Some have referred to bitcoin as "digital gold."

康奈爾大學貿易政策教授埃斯瓦爾·普拉薩德（Eswar Prasad）撰寫了《關於數字貨幣的貨幣未來》一書，他說美國有持有投機資產的庫存的先例：黃金。有些人將比特幣稱為“數字黃金”。

But unlike digital assets, gold has some intrinsic value and the U.S. is not a key player in the gold market, according to Prasad.

但是，與數字資產不同，黃金具有一定的內在價值，而美國也不是黃金市場的關鍵參與者。

"Bitcoin being a relatively new asset and given the sort of amounts they're talking about, you know, [the U.S.] would become a very important player in that market," Prasad said. "So the difference is subtle but important."

普拉薩德說：“比特幣是一個相對較新的資產，鑑於他們正在談論的數量，[美國]將成為該市場中非常重要的參與者。” “因此，差異很微妙，但很重要。”

The U.S. is believed to hold around 200,000 bitcoin tokens from criminal seizures. As of Monday, that works out to more than $17 billion in value, according to numbers from the Coinbase exchange.

據信，美國可以從刑事扣押中持有約20萬比特幣的代幣。根據Coinbase Exchange的數字，截至週一，這項價值超過170億美元。

With a reserve, these holdings could be broadened to also hold ether, as well as three lesser-known cryptocurrencies — XRP, solana and cardano.

有了儲備金，這些持有量也可以擴大到持有以太的持有，以及三種鮮為人知的加密貨幣-XRP，Solana和Cardano。

Bitcoin is the oldest, the most valuable and most popular cryptocurrency on the market. In market capitalization, ether is second, with XRP in fourth, solana in sixth and cardano in eighth, according to CoinMarketCap.com.

比特幣是市場上最古老，最有價值，最受歡迎的加密貨幣。根據CoinMarketCap.com的數據，在市值中，Ether是第二位，XRP排名第四，Solana排名第六，Cardano排名第八。

The president's announcement led to significant spikes across all five of the cryptocurrencies on Sunday, followed by declines the next day.

總統的宣布導致周日的所有五個加密貨幣都引起了巨大的峰值，第二天下降了。

Some prominent crypto backers said they opposed creating a reserve using assets other than bitcoin. Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said on X: "Just Bitcoin would probably be the best option - simplest, and clear story as successor to gold."

一些著名的加密支持者說，他們反對使用比特幣以外的資產來創建儲備金。 Coinbase首席執行官Brian Armstrong在X上說：“只有比特幣可能是最好的選擇 - 最簡單，清晰的故事是黃金的繼任者。”

A few proposals have been put forward about what a federal strategic crypto reserve could look like.

已經提出了一些關於聯邦戰略加密保護區的建議。

Last year, Republican Sen. Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming introduced a bill to establish a bitcoin strategic reserve, directing the federal government to buy 1 million bitcoins — worth more than $86 billion at today's prices — over the course of five years.

去年，懷俄明州的共和黨參議員辛西婭·盧米斯（Cynthia Lummis）提出了一項法案，以建立比特幣戰略儲備，指示聯邦政府在五年內以今天的價格購買100萬比特幣（價值超過860億美元）。

In December, the Bitcoin Policy Institute, which promotes bitcoin, prepared a proposal for now-Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent that similarly endorsed a bitcoin strategic reserve reaching 1 million bitcoins.

12月，促進比特幣的比特幣政策研究所為現任財政部長Scott Bessent的提案準備了一項建議，該提案同樣認可了比特幣戰略儲備，達到了100萬比特幣。

Prasad, the Cornell professor, raised concerns that such a reserve could put the federal government in a tricky bind, where it will become a major player in the crypto market and largely influence the price of assets. Prasad added that if the government tried to liquidate its digital assets in order to chip away at its debt, it could cause the value to drop.

康奈爾（Cornell）教授普拉薩德（Prasad）提出擔心，這樣的儲備金可能會使聯邦政府陷入困境，這將成為加密貨幣市場的主要參與者，並在很大程度上影響了資產的價格。普拉薩德（Prasad）補充說，如果政府試圖清算其數字資產以消除其債務，則可能導致價值下降。

"So in a sense, the government would be acquiring an asset that not only has very volatile value, but where it plays a very big role in determining the price. And it would essentially get locked in to those holdings," he said.

他說：“從某種意義上說，政府將獲得一種資產，該資產不僅具有非常動蕩的價值，而且在確定價格方面發揮了非常重要的作用。它實際上將被鎖定在這些持股中。”

The Bitcoin Policy Institute has argued that while bitcoin's price currently experiences fluctuations, a federal reserve would in the long run be a tool for "financial resilience" for the federal government.

比特幣政策研究所認為，儘管比特幣的價格目前經歷波動，但從長遠來看，美聯儲將成為聯邦政府“財務彈性”的工具。

"As Bitcoin matures and its market deepens, its volatility is likely to decrease, making it more stable as a store of value," the group said.

該組織說：“隨著比特幣的成熟及其市場的加深，其波動可能會減少，使其更加穩定，成為價值存儲。”

Though Trump once criticized crypto, calling it a "scam" and "potentially a disaster waiting to happen" back in 2021, the president now has several ties to the industry.

儘管特朗普曾經批評加密貨幣，稱其為“騙局”，並在2021年“有可能發生的災難”，但總統現在與該行業有幾個聯繫。

During last year's campaign, Trump received millions of dollars in donations from crypto investors and founders. He spoke at a bitcoin conference last summer.

在去年的競選期間，特朗普從加密投資者和創始人那裡獲得了數百萬美元的捐款。去年夏天，他在比特幣會議上講話。

A few days before his inauguration, Trump also released a crypto "meme coin," known

在就職典禮前幾天，特朗普還發布了加密貨幣“模因硬幣”