特朗普宣布计划“加密战略储备”

照片插图显示了加密货币硬币与$ Trump Meme Coin（Collection Coin）的代表

Former President Donald Trump announced plans for a "Crypto Strategic Reserve," which would set up the United States to buy and sell cryptocurrency and could be a game changer for the industry.

前总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）宣布了“加密战略储备”计划，该计划将建立美国以买卖加密货币，并可能成为该行业的游戏规则改变者。

In posts on Truth Social on Sunday, Trump said a reserve was in the works as part of his executive order on digital assets issued in January. He said the reserve is slated to hold five cryptocurrencies — bitcoin, ether XRP, solana and cardano.

在周日的真相社交帖子中，特朗普说，作为他一月份发出的数字资产行政命令的一部分，预备役正在制作。他说，该保护区计划持有五种加密货币 - 比特币，以太XRP，Solana和Cardano。

The prospect of a reserve is a major step in Trump's vision to establish the U.S. as the crypto capital of the world — which was one of his promises during his bid for president last year.

储备的前景是特朗普将美国作为世界加密之都的愿景的重要一步，这是他去年竞标总统期间的承诺之一。

Here's what to know.

这是要知道的。

The U.S. already has several strategic stockpiles, including military and medical equipment. The idea is that the government can tap into these special stashes in times of need.

美国已经有几种战略储备，包括军事和医疗设备。这个想法是，政府可以在需要的时候利用这些特殊的藏匿处。

A stockpile and a reserve are sometimes used interchangeably, but a reserve often refers to the government taking a more active role in managing the assets than with a stockpile. Notably, Trump's executive order in January established a working group to evaluate creating a stockpile, but does not refer to a reserve.

有时会互换使用库存和储备金，但是储备通常是指政府在管理资产方面发挥比库存更为积极的作用。值得注意的是，特朗普在一月份的行政命令建立了一个工作组，以评估创建库存，但并不是指储备金。

Maintaining a federal reserve would likely mean the government would be actively buying and selling cryptocurrency. While supporters say the profits from crypto could be used to reduce the nation's large debt, critics argue that crypto is historically volatile and a speculative investment.

维持美联储可能意味着政府将积极购买和销售加密货币。虽然支持者表示，加密货币的利润可用于减少美国的巨额债务，但批评家认为加密货币在历史上是动荡的，并且是投机性的投资。

Eswar Prasad, a professor of trade policy at Cornell University who wrote the book The Future of Money about digital currencies, said the U.S. has a precedent for holding a stockpile of a speculative asset: gold. Some have referred to bitcoin as "digital gold."

康奈尔大学贸易政策教授埃斯瓦尔·普拉萨德（Eswar Prasad）撰写了《关于数字货币的货币未来》一书，他说美国有持有投机资产的库存的先例：黄金。有些人将比特币称为“数字黄金”。

But unlike digital assets, gold has some intrinsic value and the U.S. is not a key player in the gold market, according to Prasad.

但是，与数字资产不同，黄金具有一定的内在价值，而美国也不是黄金市场的关键参与者。

"Bitcoin being a relatively new asset and given the sort of amounts they're talking about, you know, [the U.S.] would become a very important player in that market," Prasad said. "So the difference is subtle but important."

普拉萨德说：“比特币是一个相对较新的资产，鉴于他们正在谈论的数量，[美国]将成为该市场中非常重要的参与者。” “因此，差异很微妙，但很重要。”

The U.S. is believed to hold around 200,000 bitcoin tokens from criminal seizures. As of Monday, that works out to more than $17 billion in value, according to numbers from the Coinbase exchange.

据信，美国可以从刑事扣押中持有约20万比特币的代币。根据Coinbase Exchange的数字，截至周一，这项价值超过170亿美元。

With a reserve, these holdings could be broadened to also hold ether, as well as three lesser-known cryptocurrencies — XRP, solana and cardano.

有了储备金，这些持有量也可以扩大到持有以太的持有，以及三种鲜为人知的加密货币-XRP，Solana和Cardano。

Bitcoin is the oldest, the most valuable and most popular cryptocurrency on the market. In market capitalization, ether is second, with XRP in fourth, solana in sixth and cardano in eighth, according to CoinMarketCap.com.

比特币是市场上最古老，最有价值，最受欢迎的加密货币。根据CoinMarketCap.com的数据，在市值中，Ether是第二位，XRP排名第四，Solana排名第六，Cardano排名第八。

The president's announcement led to significant spikes across all five of the cryptocurrencies on Sunday, followed by declines the next day.

总统的宣布导致周日的所有五个加密货币都引起了巨大的峰值，第二天下降了。

Some prominent crypto backers said they opposed creating a reserve using assets other than bitcoin. Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said on X: "Just Bitcoin would probably be the best option - simplest, and clear story as successor to gold."

一些著名的加密支持者说，他们反对使用比特币以外的资产来创建储备金。 Coinbase首席执行官Brian Armstrong在X上说：“只有比特币可能是最好的选择 - 最简单，清晰的故事是黄金的继任者。”

A few proposals have been put forward about what a federal strategic crypto reserve could look like.

已经提出了一些关于联邦战略加密保护区的建议。

Last year, Republican Sen. Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming introduced a bill to establish a bitcoin strategic reserve, directing the federal government to buy 1 million bitcoins — worth more than $86 billion at today's prices — over the course of five years.

去年，怀俄明州的共和党参议员辛西娅·卢米斯（Cynthia Lummis）提出了一项法案，以建立比特币战略储备，指示联邦政府在五年内以今天的价格购买100万比特币（价值超过860亿美元）。

In December, the Bitcoin Policy Institute, which promotes bitcoin, prepared a proposal for now-Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent that similarly endorsed a bitcoin strategic reserve reaching 1 million bitcoins.

12月，促进比特币的比特币政策研究所为现任财政部长Scott Bessent的提案准备了一项建议，该提案同样认可了比特币战略储备，达到了100万比特币。

Prasad, the Cornell professor, raised concerns that such a reserve could put the federal government in a tricky bind, where it will become a major player in the crypto market and largely influence the price of assets. Prasad added that if the government tried to liquidate its digital assets in order to chip away at its debt, it could cause the value to drop.

康奈尔（Cornell）教授普拉萨德（Prasad）提出担心，这样的储备金可能会使联邦政府陷入困境，这将成为加密货币市场的主要参与者，并在很大程度上影响了资产的价格。普拉萨德（Prasad）补充说，如果政府试图清算其数字资产以消除其债务，则可能导致价值下降。

"So in a sense, the government would be acquiring an asset that not only has very volatile value, but where it plays a very big role in determining the price. And it would essentially get locked in to those holdings," he said.

他说：“从某种意义上说，政府将获得一种资产，该资产不仅具有非常动荡的价值，而且在确定价格方面发挥了非常重要的作用。它实际上将被锁定在这些持股中。”

The Bitcoin Policy Institute has argued that while bitcoin's price currently experiences fluctuations, a federal reserve would in the long run be a tool for "financial resilience" for the federal government.

比特币政策研究所认为，尽管比特币的价格目前经历波动，但从长远来看，美联储将成为联邦政府“财务弹性”的工具。

"As Bitcoin matures and its market deepens, its volatility is likely to decrease, making it more stable as a store of value," the group said.

该组织说：“随着比特币的成熟及其市场的加深，其波动可能会减少，使其更加稳定，成为价值存储。”

Though Trump once criticized crypto, calling it a "scam" and "potentially a disaster waiting to happen" back in 2021, the president now has several ties to the industry.

尽管特朗普曾经批评加密货币，称其为“骗局”，并在2021年“有可能发生的灾难”，但总统现在与该行业有几个联系。

During last year's campaign, Trump received millions of dollars in donations from crypto investors and founders. He spoke at a bitcoin conference last summer.

在去年的竞选期间，特朗普从加密投资者和创始人那里获得了数百万美元的捐款。去年夏天，他在比特币会议上讲话。

A few days before his inauguration, Trump also released a crypto "meme coin," known

在就职典礼前几天，特朗普还发布了加密货币“模因硬币”