Tornado Cash 2.0：打造安全合法混幣器的競賽

加密產業的許多人仍然對美國財政部外國資產管制辦公室 (OFAC) 超越的上訴法院裁決感到震驚

A recent appellate court decision has brought into question the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (OFAC) authority to sanction certain smart contracts associated with the cryptocurrency mixer Tornado Cash. The court ruled that OFAC had “exceeded its statutory authority” in sanctioning some of Tornado Cash’s immutable smart contracts in 2022.

最近上訴法院的一項裁決對美國財政部外國資產控制辦公室 (OFAC) 批准與加密貨幣混合器 Tornado Cash 相關的某些智能合約的權力提出了質疑。法院裁定，OFAC 在 2022 年批准 Tornado Cash 的一些不可變智能合約「超出了其法定權限」。

While the ruling did not definitively close the door on the Treasury Department’s case, the six plaintiffs backed by Coinbase could see a policy change starting in 2025 that could impact how the courts handle addresses associated with crypto mixers.

儘管該裁決並未最終關閉財政部案件的大門，但 Coinbase 支持的六名原告可能會看到從 2025 年開始的政策變化，這可能會影響法院處理與加密貨幣混合器相關的地址的方式。

Bill Hughes, Consensys’ senior counsel and director of global regulatory matters, provided his insights on the matter in an interview with Cointelegraph. According to Hughes, OFAC still had a “lot of authority” to sanction entities connected to Tornado Cash. However, he explained that the Nov. 26 judgment would likely result in the case being remanded to the lower courts, where lawyers could refile motions for summary judgment, a process that could “take months.”

Consensys 的高級顧問兼全球監管事務總監 Bill Hughes 在接受 Cointelegraph 採訪時提供了他對此事的見解。休斯表示，OFAC 仍然擁有「很大的權力」來制裁與 Tornado Cash 有關的實體。不過，他解釋說，11 月 26 日的判決可能會導致案件發回下級法院重審，律師可以重新提交簡易判決動議，這一過程可能「需要數月時間」。

Hughes further commented on the possibility of a new presidential administration under Donald Trump in 2025 and how it could affect the Treasury’s sanctions regime. He expressed his belief that the administration might adapt its approach to align with the court decision.

休斯進一步評論了 2025 年唐納德·川普領導的新總統政府的可能性，以及它將如何影響財政部的製裁制度。他表示相信政府可能會調整其方法以與法院的裁決保持一致。

“I actually think under a Trump administration, it’s more likely that this opinion will be adopted as Treasury policy,” said Hughes.

「我實際上認為，在川普政府的領導下，這種觀點更有可能被採納為財政部政策，」休斯說。

However, the Consensys SC clarified that he did not anticipate the Treasury changing Tornado Cash’s sanctions status immediately before Trump takes office.

然而，Consensys SC 澄清稱，他預計財政部不會在川普上任前立即改變 Tornado Cash 的製裁狀態。

“It is to be seen how hawkish the Trump administration is on these national security issues as they relate to crypto,” Hughes added. “I could see the Treasury under a Trump administration basically adopting the court’s analysis of immutable smart contracts.”

休斯補充道：“可以看出，川普政府在這些與加密貨幣相關的國家安全問題上有多強硬。” “我可以看到川普政府領導下的財政部基本上採用了法院對不可變智能合約的分析。”

During his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump stated that he and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un “fell in love” after meeting in person and exchanging letters. However, he largely refrained from discussing how he might handle sanctions involving the reclusive nation.

川普在 2024 年總統競選期間表示，他和北韓領導人金正恩在親自會面並互致信件後「墜入愛河」。然而，他基本上沒有討論如何處理涉及這個隱居國家的製裁。

In August 2022, during President Joe Biden’s term, OFAC added 44 Tornado Cash smart contract addresses to its list of Specially Designated Nationals. The department claimed that individuals had used the mixer to launder over $7 billion in crypto, including funds stolen by the Lazarus Group, which is linked to North Korea.

2022 年 8 月，在喬·拜登總統任期內，OFAC 將 44 個 Tornado Cash 智能合約地址添加到其特別指定國民名單中。該部門聲稱，有人利用該混合器洗錢超過 70 億美元，其中包括與北韓有聯繫的 Lazarus Group 竊取的資金。

After the appellate court ruling, Trump will likely appoint new leadership to the Treasury and other government departments in January. On Nov. 22, the president-elect announced his intention to nominate Scott Bessent, one of his donors and financial advisers, to the role of Treasury Secretary in 2025.

上訴法院做出裁決後，川普可能會在一月份任命財政部和其他政府部門的新領導層。 11 月 22 日，當選總統宣布打算提名他的捐助者和財務顧問之一 Scott Bessent 擔任 2025 年財政部長。

Apart from the Fifth Circuit case, cryptocurrency advocacy group Coin Center also filed a lawsuit against the US Treasury over Tornado Cash in 2022. Both cases involve lawyers arguing that the mixer itself or a related smart contract does not constitute “property” subject to sanctions.

除了第五巡迴法院案件外，加密貨幣倡導組織Coin Center 也在2022 年就Tornado Cash 對美國財政部提起訴訟。 」。

Prosecution of Tornado Cash DevelopersIn 2023, US authorities with the Justice Department announced charges against Tornado Cash co-founders Roman Storm and Roman Semenov. Storm was arrested and is scheduled to go to trial in April 2025 after Trump takes office, while Semenov was on the FBI’s most wanted list at the time of publication.

對 Tornado Cash 開發商的起訴 2023 年，美國司法部當局宣布對 Tornado Cash 聯合創始人 Roman Storm 和 Roman Semenov 提出指控。斯托姆被捕，並計劃於 2025 年 4 月川普上任後接受審判，而謝苗諾夫在本文發表時位於 FBI 通緝名單上。

“If I had to bet, I think the prosecution [of Storm] is going to go forward,” said Hughes. “They’re going to have the trial, and he’s either acquitted, or there’s going to be calls from the crypto community for President Trump to commute his sentence or pardon him outright.”

「如果我必須打賭，我認為對斯托姆的起訴將會繼續進行，」休斯說。 “他們將進行審判，他要么被無罪釋放，要么加密社區將呼籲川普總統減刑或徹底赦免他。”

Authorities in the Netherlands sentenced the third Tornado Cash co-founder, Alexey Pertsev, to more than five years in prison for money laundering. He remains in custody as his lawyers prepare to appeal the conviction and sentence.

荷蘭當局以洗錢罪判處 Tornado Cash 第三位聯合創始人 Alexey Pertsev 五年以上監禁。他仍被拘留，他的律師準備對定罪和判刑提出上訴。