Tornado Cash 2.0：打造安全合法混币器的竞赛

加密行业的许多人仍然对美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 (OFAC) 超越的上诉法院裁决感到震惊

A recent appellate court decision has brought into question the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (OFAC) authority to sanction certain smart contracts associated with the cryptocurrency mixer Tornado Cash. The court ruled that OFAC had “exceeded its statutory authority” in sanctioning some of Tornado Cash’s immutable smart contracts in 2022.

最近上诉法院的一项裁决对美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 (OFAC) 批准与加密货币混合器 Tornado Cash 相关的某些智能合约的权力提出了质疑。法院裁定，OFAC 在 2022 年批准 Tornado Cash 的一些不可变智能合约“超出了其法定权限”。

While the ruling did not definitively close the door on the Treasury Department’s case, the six plaintiffs backed by Coinbase could see a policy change starting in 2025 that could impact how the courts handle addresses associated with crypto mixers.

尽管该裁决并未最终关闭财政部案件的大门，但 Coinbase 支持的六名原告可能会看到从 2025 年开始的政策变化，这可能会影响法院处理与加密货币混合器相关的地址的方式。

Bill Hughes, Consensys’ senior counsel and director of global regulatory matters, provided his insights on the matter in an interview with Cointelegraph. According to Hughes, OFAC still had a “lot of authority” to sanction entities connected to Tornado Cash. However, he explained that the Nov. 26 judgment would likely result in the case being remanded to the lower courts, where lawyers could refile motions for summary judgment, a process that could “take months.”

Consensys 的高级顾问兼全球监管事务总监 Bill Hughes 在接受 Cointelegraph 采访时提供了他对此事的见解。休斯表示，OFAC 仍然拥有“很大的权力”来制裁与 Tornado Cash 有关的实体。不过，他解释说，11 月 26 日的判决可能会导致案件发回下级法院重审，律师可以重新提交简易判决动议，这一过程可能“需要数月时间”。

Hughes further commented on the possibility of a new presidential administration under Donald Trump in 2025 and how it could affect the Treasury’s sanctions regime. He expressed his belief that the administration might adapt its approach to align with the court decision.

休斯进一步评论了 2025 年唐纳德·特朗普领导的新总统政府的可能性，以及它将如何影响财政部的制裁制度。他表示相信政府可能会调整其方法以与法院的裁决保持一致。

“I actually think under a Trump administration, it’s more likely that this opinion will be adopted as Treasury policy,” said Hughes.

“我实际上认为，在特朗普政府的领导下，这种观点更有可能被采纳为财政部政策，”休斯说。

However, the Consensys SC clarified that he did not anticipate the Treasury changing Tornado Cash’s sanctions status immediately before Trump takes office.

然而，Consensys SC 澄清称，他预计财政部不会在特朗普上任前立即改变 Tornado Cash 的制裁状态。

“It is to be seen how hawkish the Trump administration is on these national security issues as they relate to crypto,” Hughes added. “I could see the Treasury under a Trump administration basically adopting the court’s analysis of immutable smart contracts.”

休斯补充道：“可以看出，特朗普政府在这些与加密货币相关的国家安全问题上有多强硬。” “我可以看到特朗普政府领导下的财政部基本上采用了法院对不可变智能合约的分析。”

During his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump stated that he and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un “fell in love” after meeting in person and exchanging letters. However, he largely refrained from discussing how he might handle sanctions involving the reclusive nation.

特朗普在 2024 年总统竞选期间表示，他和朝鲜领导人金正恩在亲自会面并互致信件后“坠入爱河”。然而，他基本上没有讨论如何处理涉及这个隐居国家的制裁。

In August 2022, during President Joe Biden’s term, OFAC added 44 Tornado Cash smart contract addresses to its list of Specially Designated Nationals. The department claimed that individuals had used the mixer to launder over $7 billion in crypto, including funds stolen by the Lazarus Group, which is linked to North Korea.

2022 年 8 月，在乔·拜登总统任期内，OFAC 将 44 个 Tornado Cash 智能合约地址添加到其特别指定国民名单中。该部门声称，有人利用该混合器洗钱超过 70 亿美元，其中包括与朝鲜有联系的 Lazarus Group 窃取的资金。

After the appellate court ruling, Trump will likely appoint new leadership to the Treasury and other government departments in January. On Nov. 22, the president-elect announced his intention to nominate Scott Bessent, one of his donors and financial advisers, to the role of Treasury Secretary in 2025.

上诉法院做出裁决后，特朗普可能会在一月份任命财政部和其他政府部门的新领导层。 11 月 22 日，当选总统宣布打算提名他的捐助者和财务顾问之一斯科特·贝森特 (Scott Bessent) 担任 2025 年财政部长。

Apart from the Fifth Circuit case, cryptocurrency advocacy group Coin Center also filed a lawsuit against the US Treasury over Tornado Cash in 2022. Both cases involve lawyers arguing that the mixer itself or a related smart contract does not constitute “property” subject to sanctions.

除了第五巡回法院案件外，加密货币倡导组织 Coin Center 也于 2022 年就 Tornado Cash 对美国财政部提起诉讼。两起案件均涉及律师辩称混合器本身或相关智能合约不构成受制裁的“财产”。

Prosecution of Tornado Cash DevelopersIn 2023, US authorities with the Justice Department announced charges against Tornado Cash co-founders Roman Storm and Roman Semenov. Storm was arrested and is scheduled to go to trial in April 2025 after Trump takes office, while Semenov was on the FBI’s most wanted list at the time of publication.

对 Tornado Cash 开发商的起诉 2023 年，美国司法部当局宣布对 Tornado Cash 联合创始人 Roman Storm 和 Roman Semenov 提出指控。斯托姆被捕，并计划于 2025 年 4 月特朗普上任后接受审判，而谢苗诺夫在本文发表时位于 FBI 通缉名单上。

“If I had to bet, I think the prosecution [of Storm] is going to go forward,” said Hughes. “They’re going to have the trial, and he’s either acquitted, or there’s going to be calls from the crypto community for President Trump to commute his sentence or pardon him outright.”

“如果我必须打赌，我认为对斯托姆的起诉将会继续进行，”休斯说。 “他们将进行审判，他要么被无罪释放，要么加密社区将呼吁特朗普总统减刑或彻底赦免他。”

Authorities in the Netherlands sentenced the third Tornado Cash co-founder, Alexey Pertsev, to more than five years in prison for money laundering. He remains in custody as his lawyers prepare to appeal the conviction and sentence.

荷兰当局以洗钱罪判处 Tornado Cash 第三位联合创始人 Alexey Pertsev 五年以上监禁。他仍被拘留，他的律师准备对定罪和判刑提出上诉。