量子計算對比特幣的風險

一段時間以來，人們重新討論了量子運算可能為比特幣帶來的問題。

Quantum computing is a new field of computer science that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. Quantum computers have the potential to be much faster and more powerful than traditional computers, and this could have a major impact on many technologies, including cryptography.

量子計算是電腦科學的一個新領域，它利用量子力學原理進行計算。量子電腦有可能比傳統電腦更快、更強大，這可能對包括密碼學在內的許多技術產生重大影響。

Bitcoin uses a type of cryptography called Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to secure its transactions. ECDSA is currently considered to be secure against quantum computers, but there are concerns that this could change in the future as quantum computers become more powerful.

比特幣使用一種稱為橢圓曲線數位簽章演算法（ECDSA）的加密技術來保護其交易。 ECDSA 目前被認為對量子電腦是安全的，但有人擔心，隨著量子電腦變得更加強大，這種情況可能會在未來發生變化。

One of the main risks to Bitcoin from quantum computing is the possibility that it could be used to "crack" the SHA256 hash function. SHA256 is used in Bitcoin to generate the transaction IDs and to create the Merkle tree, which is used to efficiently verify the validity of transactions in a block.

量子計算給比特幣帶來的主要風險之一是它可能被用來「破解」SHA256 哈希函數。 SHA256 在比特幣中用於產生交易 ID 並創建 Merkle 樹，該樹用於有效驗證區塊中交易的有效性。

If a quantum computer were able to crack SHA256, it could potentially be used to create fraudulent transactions or to double-spend bitcoins. However, it is important to note that cracking SHA256 would be a very difficult task, even for a quantum computer.

如果量子電腦能夠破解 SHA256，它可能會被用來創建欺詐性交易或雙花比特幣。然而，值得注意的是，破解 SHA256 將是一項非常困難的任務，即使對於量子電腦也是如此。

Another risk to Bitcoin from quantum computing is the possibility that it could be used to break the ECDSA digital signature algorithm. ECDSA is used in Bitcoin to create the digital signatures that are used to authorize transactions.

量子計算給比特幣帶來的另一個風險是它可能被用來破解 ECDSA 數位簽章演算法。 ECDSA 在比特幣中用於創建用於授權交易的數位簽名。

If a quantum computer were able to break ECDSA, it could potentially be used to create fraudulent transactions or to steal bitcoins from other people's wallets. However, it is also important to note that breaking ECDSA would be a very difficult task, even for a quantum computer.

如果量子電腦能夠破解 ECDSA，它可能會被用來創建欺詐性交易或從其他人的錢包中竊取比特幣。然而，同樣重要的是要注意，即使對於量子電腦來說，破解 ECDSA 也將是一項非常困難的任務。

Overall, the risks to Bitcoin from quantum computing are real, but they are also exaggerated by some people in the crypto community. It is important to remember that quantum computing is still a new field, and it will likely be many years before quantum computers are powerful enough to pose a serious threat to Bitcoin.

總體而言，量子計算為比特幣帶來的風險是真實存在的，但加密社群的一些人也誇大了這些風險。重要的是要記住，量子運算仍然是一個新領域，量子電腦可能需要很多年才能強大到足以對比特幣構成嚴重威脅。

In the meantime, there are a number of things that can be done to prepare for the eventual arrival of quantum computers. One possibility is to start using quantum-resistant cryptography in Bitcoin now. Another possibility is to wait until quantum computers are more powerful and then use a hard fork to switch to quantum-resistant cryptography in Bitcoin at that time.

同時，可以做很多事情來為量子電腦的最終到來做好準備。一種可能性是現在開始在比特幣中使用抗量子密碼學。另一種可能性是等到量子電腦變得更強大，然後使用硬分叉在比特幣中切換到抗量子密碼。