量子计算对比特币的风险

一段时间以来，人们重新讨论了量子计算可能给比特币带来的问题。

Quantum computing is a new field of computer science that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. Quantum computers have the potential to be much faster and more powerful than traditional computers, and this could have a major impact on many technologies, including cryptography.

量子计算是计算机科学的一个新领域，它利用量子力学原理进行计算。量子计算机有可能比传统计算机更快、更强大，这可能对包括密码学在内的许多技术产生重大影响。

Bitcoin uses a type of cryptography called Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to secure its transactions. ECDSA is currently considered to be secure against quantum computers, but there are concerns that this could change in the future as quantum computers become more powerful.

比特币使用一种称为椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）的加密技术来保护其交易。 ECDSA 目前被认为对量子计算机是安全的，但有人担心，随着量子计算机变得更加强大，这种情况可能会在未来发生变化。

One of the main risks to Bitcoin from quantum computing is the possibility that it could be used to "crack" the SHA256 hash function. SHA256 is used in Bitcoin to generate the transaction IDs and to create the Merkle tree, which is used to efficiently verify the validity of transactions in a block.

量子计算给比特币带来的主要风险之一是它可能被用来“破解”SHA256 哈希函数。 SHA256 在比特币中用于生成交易 ID 并创建 Merkle 树，该树用于有效验证区块中交易的有效性。

If a quantum computer were able to crack SHA256, it could potentially be used to create fraudulent transactions or to double-spend bitcoins. However, it is important to note that cracking SHA256 would be a very difficult task, even for a quantum computer.

如果量子计算机能够破解 SHA256，它可能会被用来创建欺诈性交易或双花比特币。然而，值得注意的是，破解 SHA256 将是一项非常困难的任务，即使对于量子计算机也是如此。

Another risk to Bitcoin from quantum computing is the possibility that it could be used to break the ECDSA digital signature algorithm. ECDSA is used in Bitcoin to create the digital signatures that are used to authorize transactions.

量子计算给比特币带来的另一个风险是它可能被用来破解 ECDSA 数字签名算法。 ECDSA 在比特币中用于创建用于授权交易的数字签名。

If a quantum computer were able to break ECDSA, it could potentially be used to create fraudulent transactions or to steal bitcoins from other people's wallets. However, it is also important to note that breaking ECDSA would be a very difficult task, even for a quantum computer.

如果量子计算机能够破解 ECDSA，它可能会被用来创建欺诈性交易或从其他人的钱包中窃取比特币。然而，同样重要的是要注意，即使对于量子计算机来说，破解 ECDSA 也将是一项非常困难的任务。

Overall, the risks to Bitcoin from quantum computing are real, but they are also exaggerated by some people in the crypto community. It is important to remember that quantum computing is still a new field, and it will likely be many years before quantum computers are powerful enough to pose a serious threat to Bitcoin.

总体而言，量子计算给比特币带来的风险是真实存在的，但加密社区的一些人也夸大了这些风险。重要的是要记住，量子计算仍然是一个新领域，量子计算机可能需要很多年才能强大到足以对比特币构成严重威胁。

In the meantime, there are a number of things that can be done to prepare for the eventual arrival of quantum computers. One possibility is to start using quantum-resistant cryptography in Bitcoin now. Another possibility is to wait until quantum computers are more powerful and then use a hard fork to switch to quantum-resistant cryptography in Bitcoin at that time.

与此同时，可以做很多事情来为量子计算机的最终到来做好准备。一种可能性是现在开始在比特币中使用抗量子密码学。另一种可能性是等到量子计算机变得更强大，然后使用硬分叉在比特币中切换到抗量子密码学。