協議：Hyperliquid Criticism、Starkware Appchains、Arbitrum-a-lotte、Avalanche Upgrade

本文發表在最新一期《協議》中，這是我們的每週通訊，一次一個區塊地探索加密背後的技術。

Welcome to The Protocol, CoinDesk's weekly wrap-up of the most important stories in cryptocurrency tech development. I'm Ben Schiller, CoinDesk’s Opinion and features editor.

歡迎來到《協議》，這是 CoinDesk 每週對加密貨幣技術發展中最重要故事的總結。我是 Ben Schiller，CoinDesk 的意見和專題編輯。

In this issue:

本期：

This article is featured in the latest issue of The Protocol, our weekly newsletter exploring the tech behind crypto, one block at a time. Sign up here to get it in your inbox every Wednesday.

本文發表在最新一期《協議》中，這是我們的每週通訊，一次一個區塊地探索加密背後的技術。在此註冊，每週三將其發送到您的收件匣。

Network news

網路新聞

HyperLiquid, a major up-and-comer in the world of decentralized finance, came under fire this week over claims that the network is overly centralized and difficult to work with.

HyperLiquid 是前往中心化金融領域的後起之秀，本週因其網路過於集中且難以使用而受到批評。

HyperLiquid is best known for its flagship decentralized exchange and it recently launched a layer-1 blockchain — all bids by the startup to, according to its flashy web copy, eventually "house all finance."

HyperLiquid 以其旗艦去中心化交易所而聞名，它最近推出了第 1 層區塊鏈——根據其華而不實的網路副本，這家新創公司的所有出價最終都是為了「容納所有金融」。

Despite earning plaudits for its fast and easy-to-use exchange interface, HyperLiquid has been criticized for, among other things, operating a closed-source codebase. According to a widely-shared X thread from Kam Benbrik, an employee at the validator firm Chorus One, the validators powering HyperLiquid are mostly blind to how the chain works under the hood, making it difficult for them to operate the hardware that's supposed to run the chain.

儘管 HyperLiquid 因其快速且易於使用的交換介面而贏得讚譽，但它也因運行封閉原始碼庫等問題而受到批評。根據驗證者公司 Chorus One 員工 Kam Benbrik 的一條廣為流傳的 X 帖子，為 HyperLiquid 提供支援的驗證者大多不了解該鏈在幕後的工作原理，這使得他們很難操作本應運行的硬體鏈條。

Benbrik also raised concerns that HyperLiquid's highly concentrated token supply — and its process for admitting validators to its L1 chain — make the chain centralized and vulnerable to failures.

Benbrik 也擔心 HyperLiquid 高度集中的代幣供應及其允許驗證者加入其 L1 鏈的流程使該鏈變得中心化且容易出現故障。

"Hyperliquid must improve transparency, decentralize staking, implement a fair validator selection process, and engage more with external validators," Benbrik wrote.

Benbrik 寫道：“Hyperliquid 必須提高透明度，分散質押，實施公平的驗證者選擇流程，並更多地與外部驗證者合作。”

The complaints come on the heels of a flurry of positive media attention for HyperLiquid following November's massively successful HYPE airdrop. It hasn't all been smooth sailing for the startup, however, with scrutiny arising in December following reports of potential North Korean activity on the network — interpreted by some as a sign that the regime well-known for its crypto-hacking efforts might have HyperLiquid in its crosshairs.

繼 11 月 HYPE 空投大獲成功之後，媒體對 HyperLiquid 進行了一系列積極的關注，隨後出現了這些投訴。然而，這家新創公司的發展之路並非一帆風順，去年12 月，北韓在該網路上可能進行活動的報道引發了審查——有些人將其解讀為，這個以加密貨幣黑客活動聞名的政權可能會採取行動。

HyperLiquid has batted away the North Korean security concerns, and it recently addressed the centralization and closed-source critiques in an X thread, stating that the criticisms largely stemmed from "misconceptions" about its tech. Read more.

HyperLiquid 消除了北韓的安全擔憂，最近在 X 線程中解決了集中化和閉源批評，並表示這些批評很大程度上源於對其技術的「誤解」。閱讀更多。

Starknet, the layer-2 blockchain on Ethereum known for its embrace of zero-knowledge (ZK) cryptography, is adding appchains.

Starknet 是以太坊上的第 2 層區塊鏈，以其採用零知識 (ZK) 密碼學而聞名，正在添加應用程式鏈。

StarkWare, the primary developer of Starknet, told CoinDesk that its "SN Stack" will let developers easily build blockchains tailored to specific crypto use cases. Appchains have become a hot topic in the L2 space as a way to scale Ethereum and onboard new users, and Starknet is now joining the likes of Polygon and Scroll in offering the technology.

Starknet 的主要開發人員 StarkWare 告訴 CoinDesk，其「SN Stack」將讓開發人員輕鬆建立適合特定加密用例的區塊鏈。作為擴展以太坊和吸引新用戶的一種方式，應用程式鏈已成為 L2 領域的熱門話題，Starknet 現在正加入 Polygon 和 Scroll 等公司的行列，提供該技術。

Starknet launched its mainnet in November 2023 following years of anticipation, and it has quickly become one of the most popular L2s on the market. The network is known for its ZK technology, which allows it to process transactions much faster and cheaper than Ethereum.

經過多年的期待，Starknet 於 2023 年 11 月推出了主網，並迅速成為市場上最受歡迎的 L2 之一。該網路以其 ZK 技術而聞名，該技術使其能夠比以太坊更快、更便宜地處理交易。

With the addition of appchains, Starknet is now positioning itself as a multi-chain platform. Developers will be able to use Starknet's technology to create their own blockchains, which can be customized for specific applications.

隨著應用程式鏈的加入，Starknet 現在將自己定位為多鏈平台。開發人員將能夠使用 Starknet 的技術創建自己的區塊鏈，並可以針對特定應用程式進行客製化。

For example, a developer could use Starknet to create a blockchain for a decentralized game, a social media platform, or a supply chain management system. Each appchain would have its own unique rules and governance structure, and it would be able to interoperate with other Starknet appchains.

例如，開發人員可以使用 Starknet 為去中心化遊戲、社群媒體平台或供應鏈管理系統建立區塊鏈。每個應用鏈都有自己獨特的規則和治理結構，並且能夠與其他 Starknet 應用鏈互通。

StarkWare said the SN Stack will be released in stages throughout 2024, starting with a closed beta in Q1. The full launch is expected in Q4 2024. Read more

StarkWare 表示，SN Stack 將在 2024 年分階段發布，從第一季的封閉測試版開始。預計將於 2024 年第四季全面推出。

The largest layer-2 network on Ethereum, Arbitrum, is planning to deepen ties with Lotte Group, the multibillion-dollar South Korean conglomerate known for its vast portfolio of shopping malls, media companies and entertainment properties.

以太坊上最大的第 2 層網路 Arbitrum 正計劃加深與樂天集團的聯繫，樂天集團是一家價值數十億美元的韓國企業集團，以其龐大的購物中心、媒體公司和娛樂資產而聞名。

Offchain Labs, the developer behind Arbitrum, and the Arbitrum Foundation, the non-profit that stewards the project's development, told CoinDesk a financial deal is in the works that would cement Arbitrum as the main blockchain infrastructure provider for "Caliverse," Lotte's metaverse gaming platform.

Arbitrum 背後的開發人員Offchain Labs 和負責該專案開發的非營利組織Arbitrum 基金會告訴CoinDesk，一項財務交易正在進行中，這將鞏固Arbitrum 作為樂天元宇宙遊戲「Caliverse」主要區塊鏈基礎設施提供商的地位平台。

The move comes as Arbitrum is preparing to launch its native token, which is expected to generate a windfall for early users of the network. Arbitrum is also facing increasing competition from other L2s, such as Optimism and Starknet.

此舉正值 Arbitrum 準備推出原生代幣，預計將為該網路的早期用戶帶來意外之財。 Arbitrum 也面臨來自其他 L2 的日益激烈的競爭，例如 Optimism 和 Starknet。

Lotte, founded in 1948, is one of the largest companies in South Korea and has a presence in a wide range of industries, including retail, food, beverages, chemicals, entertainment and financial services.

樂天成立於 1948 年，是韓國最大的公司之一，業務涉及零售、食品、飲料、化學品、娛樂和金融服務等多個行業。

The company launched Caliverse in 2022 as a metaverse platform that combines gaming, social networking and e-commerce. Caliverse currently has a native token called CALI, which is used to reward players and purchase items

該公司於 2022 年推出了 Caliverse，作為一個集遊戲、社交網路和電子商務於一體的元宇宙平台。 Caliverse 目前有一個名為 CALI 的原生代幣，用於獎勵玩家和購買物品