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美國八個州的區塊鏈協會週二宣布成立北美區塊鏈協會(NABA)
Members of eight U.S. state blockchain associations announced Tuesday the formation of the North American Blockchain Association (NABA), an organization aiming to provide cohesive crypto policy recommendations to the federal government.
美國八個州區塊鏈協會的成員週二宣布成立北美區塊鏈協會(NABA),該組織旨在向聯邦政府提供一致的加密貨幣政策建議。
The associations involved in NABA include the Texas Blockchain Council (TBC), the Alabama Blockchain Alliance, the California Blockchain Advocacy Coalition, the Florida Blockchain Business Association, the Ohio Blockchain Council, the Pennsylvania Blockchain Coalition, the Virginia Blockchain Council and the Washington Technology Industry Association Cascadia Blockchain Council.
參與NABA 的協會包括德克薩斯州區塊鏈委員會(TBC)、阿拉巴馬州區塊鏈聯盟、加州區塊鏈倡導聯盟、佛羅裡達州區塊鏈商業協會、俄亥俄州區塊鏈委員會、賓夕法尼亞州州區塊鏈聯盟、維吉尼亞州區塊鏈委員會和華盛頓科技業卡斯卡迪亞協會區塊鏈理事會。
Each state association is independent and retains agency but can act in concert with other states when necessary, said Lee Bratcher, president of the TBC and a member of NABA’s board of directors.
TBC 主席兼 NABA 董事會成員 Lee Bratcher 表示,每個州協會都是獨立的,保留代理權,但在必要時可以與其他州協調行動。
“A few years ago [NABA CEO] Arry Yu and I led an effort to provide more information and best practices sharing between state associations,” Bratcher told CoinDesk in an interview. “NABA is the formalization of that process.”
布拉徹在接受 CoinDesk 採訪時表示:“幾年前,[NABA 首席執行官]Ary Yu 和我領導了一項努力,在各州協會之間提供更多信息和最佳實踐共享。” “NABA 是這一過程的正式化。”
Members of the Texas Blockchain Council, a non-profit trade association, include large corporations such as Coinbase (COIN) and Galaxy Digital Holdings (GLXY), as well as law firms and banks, who pay annual fees to be part of the association. More than half of the TBC's funding comes from bitcoin (BTC) miners.
德州區塊鏈委員會是一個非營利貿易協會,成員包括Coinbase (COIN) 和Galaxy Digital Holdings (GLXY) 等大公司,以及律師事務所和銀行,他們需要繳納年費才能成為該協會的成員。 TBC 一半以上的資金來自比特幣(BTC)礦工。
Among the association's biggest financial contributors are MARA Holdings (MARA), Riot Platforms (RIOT), Core Scientific (CORZ), Bitmain and Cipher Mining (CIFR).
該協會最大的財務捐助者包括 MARA Holdings (MARA)、Riot Platforms (RIOT)、Core Scientific (CORZ)、Bitmain 和 Cipher Mining (CIFR)。
The incoming Trump administration isn't likely to affect the TBC or Texas miners in a meaningful way, Bratcher said. That, in a sense, will already be a departure from the Biden regime, which contemplated passing a 30% tax, called DAME, specifically on bitcoin miners. The Department of Energy similarly attempted to collect proprietary and confidential information from bitcoin miners and make that data available publicly, which led the TBC and Riot Platforms to sue them in federal court.
布拉徹表示,即將上任的川普政府不太可能對 TBC 或德州的礦工產生有意義的影響。從某種意義上說,這已經背離了拜登政權,拜登政權曾經考慮通過一項名為 DAME 的 30% 稅,專門針對比特幣礦工。能源部同樣試圖從比特幣礦工那裡收集專有和機密信息,並將這些數據公開,這導致 TBC 和 Riot Platforms 在聯邦法院起訴他們。
“The only thing the bitcoin mining industry is asking from the Trump administration is to keep things fair and consistent and apply the rules the same for everybody,” Bratcher said. “We feel optimistic that some of the things that were unfair about the Biden administration will no longer happen.”
布拉徹說:“比特幣採礦業對川普政府的唯一要求就是保持公平和一致,並對每個人適用相同的規則。” “我們樂觀地認為,一些對拜登政府不公平的事情將不再發生。”
Bitcoin Mining in the Lone Star State
孤星州的比特幣開採
Texas has become one of the most popular jurisdictions in the world for bitcoin miners, thanks to its advantageous tax regime, enormous economy and abundant energy.
由於其有利的稅收制度、龐大的經濟和豐富的能源,德州已成為世界上最受比特幣礦工歡迎的司法管轄區之一。
The state is also home to a tremendous amount of renewable energy projects, which may generate a lot of electricity when there’s little demand for it — think a wind farm on a windy night, for example, when everyone is asleep, and consumption is at its lowest. For the most part, electricity must be consumed immediately; transmitting that electricity from one place to another is also tricky since energy is lost in the process. In other words, Texas undergoes periods of great electricity generation and small demand and periods of great demand but insufficient production.
該州還擁有大量可再生能源項目,當需求很少時,這些項目可能會產生大量電力——例如,在有風的夜晚,當每個人都在睡覺、電力消耗處於最佳狀態時,想像一下風力發電場。大多數情況下,電力必須立即消耗;將電力從一個地方傳輸到另一個地方也很棘手,因為在過程中會損失能量。換句話說,德州經歷了發電量大、需求少的時期和需求大但生產不足的時期。
Why has Texas’ energy mix evolved in such a way? It all has to do with subsidies provided by the federal government, which according to Bratcher can reach $30 per MW/h and give a strong incentive for renewable energy companies to develop wind and solar power.
為什麼德州的能源結構會發生這樣的演變?這一切都與聯邦政府提供的補貼有關,據布拉徹稱,補貼可達每兆瓦/小時 30 美元,為再生能源公司開發風能和太陽能提供了強有力的激勵。
Wind farms have been built in the wind corridor of West Texas; more recently, the number of solar projects has exploded — from about 2,000 megawatts (MW) to 22,000 MW statewide in a matter of five years, Bratcher said.
德州西部風走廊已建成風電場; Bratcher 表示,最近,太陽能專案的數量呈現爆炸性成長——在五年內,全州範圍從約 2,000 兆瓦 (MW) 增加到 22,000 兆瓦。
Enter bitcoin mining. Contrary to other types of data centers, which need almost 100% uptime, bitcoin mines can be turned on and off easily. So they are well-adapted to a grid that sees significant volatility in demand.
進入比特幣挖礦。與其他類型的資料中心需要幾乎 100% 的正常運行時間相反,比特幣礦場可以輕鬆打開和關閉。因此,它們很好地適應了需求大幅波動的電網。
“You had a period where miners were able to get wholesale power prices and lock in power purchase agreements for extremely low amounts of money,” Bratcher said.
布拉徹說:“有一段時間,礦商能夠以極低的價格獲得批發電價並鎖定購電協議。”
Bitcoin miners now consume about 3,100 MW in Texas, according to Bratcher — enough energy to supply 620,000 homes, per data from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the state's grid operator. “About half of all bitcoin mining in the U.S. is in Texas,” Bratcher said.
根據Bratcher 的說法,比特幣礦商目前在德州消耗了約3,100 兆瓦的電力,根據該州電網營運商德州電力可靠性委員會(ERCOT) 的數據,這些能源足以供應62 萬個家庭。 「美國大約一半的比特幣開採都在德州,」布拉徹說。
That explains why the TBC receives such a big portion of its funding from bitcoin miners. In fact, the TBC has hired a number of consultants with a specific focus on ERCOT and energy policy, whereas other types of businesses — crypto exchanges, money transmission — haven’t had the same need.
這就解釋了為什麼 TBC 的大部分資金來自比特幣礦工。事實上,TBC 已經聘請了一些專門關注 ERCOT 和能源政策的顧問,而其他類型的企業(加密貨幣交易所、貨幣傳輸)則沒有相同的需求。
Will Texas Remain Friendly to Bitcoin Miners?
德州會對比特幣礦工保持友善嗎?
Whether Texas will continue to be as friendly towards bitcoin miners in the years to come remains to be seen, Bratcher said. Mining firms aren’t the only ones that have rushed to take advantage of Texas’ unique grid, and there is now concern among elected officials that demand might end up being too high.
布拉徹表示,德州在未來幾年是否會繼續對比特幣礦工保持友好還有待觀察。礦業公司並不是唯一急於利用德州獨特電網的公司,現在民選官員擔心需求最終可能會過高。
The TBC estimates that the grid will grow somewhere between 5% and 6% per year for the next 10 years —
TBC 預計未來 10 年電網將以每年 5% 到 6% 的速度成長 —
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