在海上發現的海上迷失：在納米比亞發掘了一艘500年曆史的沉船

1533年，一艘葡萄牙的船隻在納米比亞的沙漠中浮出水面，提供了一大堆硬幣，槍口和全球貿易歷史的寶庫。凱爾·約翰遜（Kele Johnson）。

A Portuguese vessel lost in 1533 has recently resurfaced in Namibia’s desert, offering a treasure trove of coins, ingots, and a glimpse into global trade history.

1533年，一艘葡萄牙的船隻最近在納米比亞的沙漠中浮出水面，為全球貿易歷史提供了一大堆硬幣，槍口和瞥見。

Miners searching for diamonds in one of the most unlikely places on earth—the blazing sands of the Namib Desert—uncovered a time capsule from the Age of Discovery. They were working on a new section of the diamond mine in 2008 when they unearthed the remains of the Bom Jesus (which translates to “The Good Jesus”), a Portuguese trading vessel lost at sea nearly 500 years ago. The final voyage had ended, but not in the waters off the coast of Africa. It had ended inland, where the desert meets the Atlantic coast.

在地球上最不可能的地方之一（納米布沙漠的熾烈的沙灘）中尋找鑽石的礦工從發現時代開始了一個時間膠囊。他們在2008年在鑽石礦山的一個新區域工作，當時他們發掘了耶穌的遺體（這轉化為“好耶穌”，這是一艘葡萄牙貿易船隻在大約500年前在海上丟失的船隻。最後的航行已經結束，但沒有在非洲沿海的水域中結束。它結束了內陸，沙漠與大西洋海岸相遇。

And it was filled with treasure.

它充滿了寶藏。

The Bom Jesus was a Portuguese nau (also called a Carrack) that departed Lisbon on Friday, March 7, 1533, captained by Sir Francico de Noronha, bound for the lucrative trade routes of the East. The ship’s fate remained a mystery for centuries—until 2008, when diamond miners discovered its wreck near Oranjemund on Namibia’s Atlantic coast. Its discovery marked a milestone in maritime archaeology: the Bom Jesus is now considered the oldest and most significant shipwreck found along the western edge of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Bom耶穌是葡萄牙NAU（也稱為Carrack），於1533年3月7日星期五離開里斯本，由Francico de Noronha爵士擔任，前往東方有利可圖的貿易路線。該船的命運一直是一個世紀的謎團 - 直到2008年，鑽石礦工在納米比亞大西洋海岸的奧蘭傑蒙德附近發現了殘骸。它的發現標誌著海上考古學中的一個里程碑：耶穌現在被認為是沿撒哈拉以南非洲西部邊緣發現的最古老，最重要的沉船。

Built in the early 16th century during Portugal’s golden age of exploration, the Bom Jesus likely belonged to a new generation of ships designed to endure the long and perilous voyages between Europe and Asia. These naus were built larger and sturdier than earlier vessels, being built to withstand the treacherous passage around the Cape of Good Hope and back.

耶穌建於葡萄牙探索黃金時代的16世紀初期，可能屬於旨在忍受歐洲和亞洲之間漫長而危險的航行的新一代船隻。這些天真的建造比早期的船隻更大，更堅固，該船隻的建造是為了承受好希望和返回斗篷周圍的危險通道。

The hull of the Bom Jesus was constructed using advanced shipbuilding techniques for the time. It was a vessel of considerable size and draft, a testament to the Portuguese prowess in shipbuilding during the Age of Discovery.

耶穌的船體是在當時使用先進的造船技術建造的。它是一艘大小和草稿的船隻，這證明了發現時代葡萄牙人在造船業中的實力。

Although little documentation of the ship survives, experts believe the Bom Jesus was headed for the Indian subcontinent, carrying a cargo tailored for trade.

儘管該船的文獻很少，但專家認為耶穌朝著印度次大陸前進，載有一輛用於貿易的貨物。

The archaeologists called to the site uncovered an staggering hoard. Approximately 2,000 gold coins were recovered from the site, predominantly Spanish excellentes featuring the likenesses of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Portuguese coinage was also present, including cruzados from the reigns of Kings Manuel I and João III. Additionally, coins from Venice, France, and various Muslim states were found, indicative of the extensive trade connections of the period. The inscriptions and designs on these coins were instrumental in dating the shipwreck to the early 1530s.

考古學家召集到該地點，發現了一個驚人的ho積。從該地點回收了大約2,000枚金幣，主要是西班牙的優秀人物，其中包括Castile I的伊莎貝拉（Isabella I）和阿拉貢（Aragon）的費迪南德二世（Ferdinand II）。還出席了葡萄牙造幣，其中包括來自國王曼努埃爾（Kings Manuel I）和若昂三世（JoãoIII）的克魯薩多斯（Cruzados）。此外，發現了威尼斯，法國和各種穆斯林國家的硬幣，這表明了這一時期的廣泛貿易聯繫。這些硬幣上的銘文和設計有助於將沉船的約會到1530年代初。

Another surprise came in bulk. The find included 1,845 copper ingots, each stamped with a trident mark linking them to the powerful Fugger banking family of Germany, which were found amidst the wreckage. These ingots, weighing some 17 tons, had originally been shipped from Central Europe and were headed for India, where copper was a prized trade commodity. The Fuggers’ mark made this historical find even richer, providing substantial proof of copper’s role in global commerce and the Fugger family’s significant role in supplying copper for trade during the Renaissance.

另一個驚喜是散裝。該發現包括1,845枚銅礦，每個銅礦都蓋上了三叉戟標記，將它們連接到了強大的德國福格銀行家族，這些家族被發現在殘骸中。這些重約17噸的挖掘機最初是從中歐運來的，前往印度，銅是一種珍貴的貿易商品。 Fuggers的標記使這一歷史發現更加豐富，從而提供了銅在全球貿易中的作用以及Fugger家族在文藝復興時期為貿易供應銅的重要作用的實質證明。

The preservation was extraordinary. While only a small part of the wreck’s original structure was preserved, the ship’s contents were found in relatively good condition. Namibia’s dry climate and the heavy copper cargo helped create a sealed environment, protecting not just the metal but also elephant tusks, navigational instruments, weapons (including a 500-year-old musket and cannons), and personal effects—all eerily well-preserved.

保存是非凡的。雖然僅保留了殘骸原始結構的一小部分，但發現該船的物品的狀況相對較好。納米比亞的干燥氣候和重型銅貨物幫助創造了密封的環境，不僅保護金屬，還保護大象牙，導航儀器，武器（包括500年曆史的火槍和大砲）以及個人效果，都非常保存。

Dr. Dieter Noli, the lead archaeologist at the South African Institute for Maritime Archaeological Research, maintains that the copper ingots were responsible for the remarkable preservation of the ship’s cargo. “Marine organisms may like wood, book covers, peach pits, jute sacks, and leather shoes, but copper really repels them from their food – so a lot of things survived 500 years at the bottom of the sea that really shouldn’t have.”

南非海事考古研究所的首席考古學家迪特·諾里（Dieter Noli）博士堅稱，銅錠是造成船上貨物的顯著保存的原因。 “海洋生物可能喜歡木材，書套，桃坑，黃麻袋和皮鞋，但銅確實從食物中排斥了它們 - 因此，在海底的底部有500年的時間，實際上不應該擁有500年。”

The find is the stuff of legend for treasure hunters and history buffs. For numismatists, it’s a windfall of study materials and historical significance.

發現是尋寶和歷史愛好者的傳奇。對於錢幣主義者而言，這是研究材料的意外收穫和歷史意義。

Seventeen years after its discovery, the exact fate of the Bom Jesus and how it came to rest in Namibia is still uncertain. The prevailing theory is that a violent storm pushed the ship toward the coast, where it ran aground.

發現後十七年，耶穌的確切命運以及納米比亞如何休息的命運仍然不確定。盛行的理論是，一場暴風雨將船推向擱淺的海岸。

Though many items remain in conservation, plans are to exhibit the Bom Jesus artifacts to the public eventually. In the meantime, the find continues to offer new clues about a time when ships like the Bom Jesus helped stitch together a truly global economy.

儘管許多物品仍在保護中，但計劃最終向公眾展示耶穌文物的bom。同時，該發現繼續提供新的線索，以了解像Bom耶穌這樣的船隻幫助縫合真正的全球經濟的時代。