以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin引入了新的路線圖，以提高匯總解決方案的安全性和最終性

該提案旨在解決與更廣泛的以太坊生態系統中高可擴展性和用戶信任有關的當前挑戰。

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed a new roadmap for improving the security and finality of Layer 2 (L2) rollup solutions. This proposal is set to address the pressing challenges of achieving both high scalability and user trust in the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了一個新的路線圖，以改善第2層（L2）匯總解決方案的安全性和終結性。該建議旨在應對在更廣泛的以太坊生態系統中達到高可擴展性和用戶信任的緊迫挑戰。

At the heart of the plan is the use of a novel “2-of-3 proof system.” This approach would see three distinct types of transaction validation mechanisms being employed simultaneously.

該計劃的核心是使用新穎的“ 3中的2中”。這種方法將同時使用三種不同類型的交易驗證機制。

These mechanisms would include zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs, standard optimistic proofs, and proofs generated within trusted execution environments (TEEs).

這些機制將包括零知識（ZK）證明，標準的樂觀證明以及在受信任的執行環境（TEES）中生成的證明。

ZK proofs offer a cryptographic assurance of transaction validity without revealing the underlying data. In contrast, optimistic proofs begin by assuming the submitted L2 transactions are valid, with a challenge period allowing independent parties to intervene and dispute any fraudulent activity.

ZK證明提供了對交易有效性的加密保證，而沒有揭示基礎數據。相反，樂觀的證據首先假設提交的L2交易是有效的，挑戰期使獨立各方可以乾預和提出任何欺詐活動。

TEEs, on the other hand, would be deployed to execute code privately and safely, providing another avenue for transaction verification.

另一方面，TEE將被部署以私下，安全地執行代碼，從而為交易驗證提供了另一種途徑。

Within this multi-proof system, L2 transactions would only achieve finality on Ethereum when at least two out of these three different proof mechanisms agree on the outcome. This design reduces reliance on any single proof system’s security assumptions, theoretically boosting the overall rollup security guarantees for users.

在這個多型系統的系統中，L2交易只有在這三種不同的證明機制中至少有兩個對結果一致時，才能達到以太坊的最終性。這種設計減少了對任何單個證明系統的安全性假設的依賴，從理論上講，它可以增強用戶的整體匯總安全保證。

What Defines Buterin’s ‘Stage 2’ Rollups?

是什麼定義了Buterin的“階段2”匯總？

Buterin's roadmap criteria for advancing to Stage 2 rollups. The goal is to achieve nearly instant transaction confirmations, high finality, and strong failure resistance, even in semi-trusted environments.

Buterin的路線圖標準，用於前進到第2階段卷。目的是即使在半信任的環境中，即使在半信任的環境中，也可以實現幾乎即時的交易確認，較高的最終確認和強大的抗衰竭性。

Per the proposal, Stage 2 rollups would still be subject to Ethereum's standard 30-day upgrade delay mechanism. This delay is crucial for maintaining network stability and security during major software transitions.

根據提案，第2階段匯總仍將受到以太坊標準的30天升級機制的約束。此延遲對於在主要軟件過渡期間保持網絡穩定性和安全性至關重要。

Additionally, the plan addresses Ethereum's scaling challenges head-on, with upgrades like Pectra and Fusaka being lined up to increase data availability. This could enable rollups to handle up to 72 blobs for faster, cheaper transactions.

此外，該計劃還針對以太坊的擴展挑戰，並排隊了Pectra和Fusaka等升級，以提高數據可用性。這可以使匯總能夠處理多達72個斑點，從而更快，更便宜。

What Are the Broader Implications?

更廣泛的含義是什麼？

As Ethereum's L2 solutions mature, achieving faster finality and increased trust becomes paramount for scalability and user confidence.

隨著以太坊的L2解決方案的成熟，實現更快的終結性和提高的信任成為可伸縮性和用戶信心的最重要意義。

Buterin's proposed strategy would not only enhance security but also align with Ethereum's core principles of decentralization and trust minimization.

Buterin提出的戰略不僅會增強安全性，而且還與以太坊的權力下放和信任最小化的核心原則保持一致。

Furthermore, Buterin is urging a shift from public goods funding to open-source funding within the crypto community. He notes that the term "public good" is often subjective and prone to social biases, with emphasis going to perception rather than actual impact.

此外，Buterin敦促從公共物品資金轉變為加密社區內的開源資金。他指出，“公共利益”一詞通常是主觀的，並且容易出現社會偏見，重點是感知而不是實際的影響。

Buterin believes that by focusing on open-source funding, the emphasis shifts to transparency and supporting projects that deliver tangible benefits to the ecosystem. This aligns with his broader vision for cryptocurrency in fostering positive change beyond financial gains.

Buterin認為，通過專注於開源資金，重點轉移到透明度並支持為生態系統帶來切實收益的項目。這與他對加密貨幣的更廣泛的願景相吻合，以促進超出財務收益的積極變化。