由於監管真空，印度加密貨幣詐欺猖獗

加密貨幣是一種不受監管的投資，由於其容易遭受欺詐，因此面臨著監管機構和倡導者越來越嚴格的審查。儘管虛擬資產越來越受歡迎，但全球虛擬資產法規的合規性仍然很低。隨著印度成為加密貨幣中心，它面臨著許多挑戰，包括人口販運、毒品濫用、洗錢和恐怖主義融資。加密貨幣詐騙在印度激增，造成重大財務損失。該國加密貨幣不受監管的性質帶來了融資擴散的風險，凸顯了需要強有力的監管和監督來減輕這些威脅。

Cryptocurrency: A Caveat for Financial Fraud and its Implications on India

加密貨幣：金融詐欺的警告及其對印度的影響

Unregulated Digital Assets: A Breeding Ground for Fraud

不受監管的數位資產：詐欺的溫床

In the burgeoning landscape of digital finance, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a highly volatile and largely unregulated investment domain. This absence of oversight has rendered this sector susceptible to rampant fraud, prompting warnings from federal regulators and consumer advocates alike. The popularity of cryptocurrencies has surged during the pandemic, enticing investors with the promise of lucrative returns. However, the industry's current valuation of $2.65 trillion belies a deceptive allure, as these assets remain vulnerable to fraudulent schemes.

在蓬勃發展的數位金融領域，加密貨幣已成為高度波動且基本上不受監管的投資領域。由於缺乏監管，該行業容易受到猖獗的詐欺行為的影響，這引發了聯邦監管機構和消費者權益倡導者等的警告。在大流行期間，加密貨幣的受歡迎程度激增，以豐厚回報的承諾吸引了投資者。然而，該行業目前 2.65 兆美元的估值掩蓋了欺騙性的誘惑，因為這些資產仍然容易受到欺詐計劃的影響。

International Regulatory Shortcomings: Hindering Compliance

國際監管缺陷：阻礙合規

In 2019, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) adopted a standard on virtual assets (VA) and virtual asset service providers (VASP) as per recommendations 15, R.15. This standard sought to combat money laundering and terrorist financing associated with cryptocurrencies. However, the implementation of these regulations has been sluggish globally, with compliance lagging behind other financial sectors. Based on 98 FATF mutual evaluations and follow-up reports, three-quarters of jurisdictions have exhibited only partial compliance or outright non-compliance with FATF's requirements.

2019 年，金融行動特別工作組 (FATF) 根據建議 15 R.15 採用了虛擬資產 (VA) 和虛擬資產服務提供者 (VASP) 標準。該標準旨在打擊與加密貨幣相關的洗錢和恐怖主義融資活動。然而，這些法規在全球的實施進展緩慢，合規性落後於其他金融部門。根據 FATF 的 98 份相互評估和後續報告，四分之三的司法管轄區僅部分遵守或完全不遵守 FATF 的要求。

India: A Hub for Crypto Adoption and Financial Crimes

印度：加密貨幣採用和金融犯罪的中心

India has emerged as the world's fastest-growing crypto hub, boasting the largest share of global crypto users. In 2024, India accounted for approximately 269.10 million crypto users, a figure projected to reach 328.80 million by 2028. This growth has propelled India to the forefront of cryptocurrency adoption, according to Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index report (2023).

印度已成為全球成長最快的加密貨幣中心，擁有全球最大的加密用戶份額。 2024 年，印度的加密貨幣用戶約為 2.691 億，預計到 2028 年將達到 3.288 億。根據 Chainaanalysis 全球加密貨幣採用指數報告（2023 年），這種增長推動印度走在加密貨幣採用的前列。

However, India's economic landscape is marred by a range of illicit activities, including human trafficking, drug use and smuggling, gold smuggling, and nuclear-related thefts. These crimes often rely on virtual digital assets for settlement and money laundering purposes.

然而，印度的經濟格局受到一系列非法活動的破壞，包括人口販運、吸毒和走私、黃金走私以及與核子有關的竊盜。這些犯罪通常依賴虛擬數位資產進行結算和洗錢目的。

Surge in Cryptocurrency Scams: A Peril for Investors

加密貨幣詐騙激增：投資者面臨危險

The lack of regulation in India's cryptocurrency market has fueled a surge in scams that have led to substantial financial losses for internet users. In recent months, countless individuals have fallen prey to fraudulent investment schemes, losing significant sums of money. Scammers have typically targeted victims through social media platforms like WhatsApp or Telegram, luring them with promises of high returns.

印度加密貨幣市場缺乏監管，導致詐騙活動激增，為網路用戶帶來了巨大的經濟損失。近幾個月來，無數人成為詐欺性投資計畫的受害者，損失了大量資金。詐騙者通常會透過 WhatsApp 或 Telegram 等社群媒體平台瞄準受害者，並承諾高額回報來引誘他們。

Notable cryptocurrency scams in India include the 2018 GainBitcoin Ponzi scheme orchestrated by Amit Bhardwaj, which defrauded over 8,000 individuals of INR 2,000 crore. The Morris Coin Scam of 2022 swindled over 900 investors with a counterfeit cryptocurrency scheme, amounting to INR 1,200 crore. The Karnataka Bitcoin Scandal of 2021 saw the Central Crime Branch seizing 31 Bitcoins worth INR 9 crore from a Bengaluru-based hacker. Additionally, STA Token deceived over 20,000 individuals and amassed INR 1,000 crore through fraudulent crypto investments.

印度著名的加密貨幣騙局包括 2018 年由 Amit Bhardwaj 策劃的 GainBitcoin 龐氏騙局，該騙局詐騙了 8,000 多人，金額達 200 億印度盧比。 2022 年的莫里斯硬幣騙局透過偽造的加密貨幣計畫詐騙了 900 多名投資者，金額達 120 億印度盧比。 2021 年卡納塔克邦比特幣醜聞中，中央犯罪部門從班加羅爾的一名駭客手中沒收了 31 個比特幣，價值 9 千萬印度盧比。此外，STA Token 還透過欺詐性加密貨幣投資欺騙了 20,000 多人，並累積了 1,00 億印度盧比。

Proliferation Financing: A Grave Threat

擴散融資：嚴重威脅

The largely unregulated nature of India's cryptocurrency environment poses a significant risk of proliferation financing, due to the absence of proper regulations and oversight. This risk includes potential money laundering and financing of illegal arms trade, potentially contributing to the spread of weapons of mass destruction.

由於缺乏適當的監管和監督，印度加密貨幣環境基本上不受監管，造成了融資擴散的重大風險。這種風險包括潛在的洗錢和非法武器貿易融資，可能導致大規模殺傷性武器的擴散。

It is imperative for countries to promptly inform regulated entities and regulators about any amendments in the United Nations Security Council-designated lists. India has raised concerns regarding its delayed notification of regulated entities about changes in the 1718 committee sanctions list. Moreover, the timely issuance of notifications by regulatory authorities and the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) following amendments in sanction lists remains inadequate.

Consolidated List: An Essential Tool for Compliance

綜合清單：合規的重要工具

The availability of a consolidated list on the website of the FIU and regulatory authorities for name screening and matching by regulated entities is crucial for effective compliance and enforcement measures. This would strengthen India's ability to mitigate the risks associated with proliferation financing and terrorist financing.

金融情報機構和監管機構網站上提供的綜合名單可供受監管實體進行姓名篩選和匹配，這對於有效的合規和執法措施至關重要。這將增強印度減輕與擴散融資和恐怖主義融資相關風險的能力。

Conclusion: A Call for Vigilance and Regulation

結論：呼籲警惕和監管

The proliferation of cryptocurrency scams and the inherent risks of proliferation financing underscore the urgent need for robust regulation and oversight of the cryptocurrency sector in India. While cryptocurrencies may offer potential for financial innovation, their unregulated nature poses significant risks to investors and the broader economy.

加密貨幣詐騙的氾濫和氾濫融資的固有風險凸顯出印度迫切需要對加密貨幣行業進行強有力的監管和監督。雖然加密貨幣可能提供金融創新的潛力，但其不受監管的性質為投資者和更廣泛的經濟帶來了重大風險。

As India continues to grapple with illicit activities such as human trafficking and drug abuse, cryptocurrencies could exacerbate these problems if not adequately regulated. The government must prioritize the implementation of effective regulatory measures to curb financial fraud, protect investors, and safeguard the integrity of the financial system.

隨著印度繼續打擊人口販運和藥物濫用等非法活動，如果監管不充分，加密貨幣可能會加劇這些問題。政府必須優先實施有效的監管措施，遏制金融欺詐，保護投資者，維護金融體系的完整性。

It is incumbent upon policymakers, financial institutions, and law enforcement agencies to collaborate in developing a comprehensive regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. This framework should incorporate measures to prevent money laundering, proliferation financing, and other financial crimes associated with these digital assets.

政策制定者、金融機構和執法機構有責任合作制定加密貨幣的全面監管框架。該框架應納入防止洗錢、擴散融資以及與這些數位資產相關的其他金融犯罪的措施。

By embracing a proactive approach to regulating cryptocurrencies, India can harness their potential while mitigating the associated risks. This will foster a more robust and transparent financial ecosystem, safeguarding the interests of investors and the nation as a whole.

透過採取積極主動的方法來監管加密貨幣，印度可以發揮其潛力，同時減輕相關風險。這將培育一個更健全和透明的金融生態系統，維護投資者和整個國家的利益。