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經過多年的尋找,一位電影製作人表示,他找到了化名中本聰(Satoshi Nakamoto)、比特幣的創造者背後的人。
Cullen Hoback’s investigation into Satoshi Nakamoto’s identity began with a hunch and a cryptic message. In 2019, Hoback, a documentary filmmaker, was working on a film about the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin when he received an anonymous e-mail. The message contained a single sentence: “Peter was the only person who tried to talk me out of it.” The e-mail was from Jeff Garzik, a Bitcoin developer who had worked closely with Satoshi in the early days of the cryptocurrency. Garzik’s message hinted at a possibility that had been circulating among Bitcoin enthusiasts for years: that Peter Todd, another well-known Bitcoin developer, might be Satoshi himself.
卡倫·霍巴克對中本聰身分的調查始於一種預感和一條神秘的訊息。 2019 年,紀錄片製片人霍巴克正在製作一部關於比特幣匿名創造者的電影,此時他收到了一封匿名電子郵件。這則訊息只有一句話:“彼得是唯一一個試圖說服我放棄這件事的人。”這封電子郵件來自比特幣開發者傑夫·加齊克 (Jeff Garzik),他在加密貨幣的早期與中本聰密切合作。 Garzik 的訊息暗示了多年來在比特幣愛好者中流傳的一種可能性:另一位知名比特幣開發者 Peter Todd 可能是中本聰本人。
Hoback was intrigued by Garzik’s message, but he was also skeptical. Todd was a controversial figure in the Bitcoin community, and his outspoken nature seemed at odds with Satoshi’s reserved and enigmatic persona. Nevertheless, Hoback decided to follow up on Garzik’s lead. He began by searching for any evidence that could link Todd to Satoshi’s activities.
霍巴克對加齊克的訊息很感興趣,但他也表示懷疑。托德是比特幣社群中頗具爭議的人物,他直言不諱的性格似乎與中本聰內向而神秘的性格格格不入。儘管如此,霍巴克還是決定跟隨加齊克的腳步。他首先尋找任何可以將托德與中本聰的活動連結起來的證據。
One of the first things Hoback noticed was that Todd had registered for the bitcointalk.org forum on December 11, 2010, just three days after Satoshi had announced the creation of Bitcoin. Todd’s first post on the forum was a throwaway request for an invitation to something. His second post, however, was extremely technical, and in a peculiar way. About an hour earlier, Satoshi had posted a schematic recommendation for future Bitcoin development—a feature called “replace-by-fee.” Todd’s contribution looked like a surprisingly sophisticated reply to the master’s original post. Upon closer inspection, it seemed less like a reply than like a correction. Hoback eventually came to believe that it wasn’t even a correction but an explicit continuation of Satoshi’s last thought.
霍巴克注意到的第一件事是,托德於 2010 年 12 月 11 日註冊了 bitcointalk.org 論壇,就在中本聰宣布創建比特幣三天后。托德在論壇上的第一篇貼文是一次一次性的邀請請求。然而,他的第二篇文章技術性很強,而且方式也很獨特。大約一個小時前,中本聰發布了對未來比特幣開發的示意性建議——一項名為「費用替代」的功能。托德的貢獻看起來像是對大師原始帖子的令人驚訝的複雜回應。仔細一看,這不像是回复,而是更正。霍巴克最終相信,這甚至不是一個修正,而是中本聰最後一個想法的明確延續。
“Someone who had just created this account, and never posted about Bitcoin before, was finishing Satoshi’s sentences?” Hoback says in the film. And that same person would later go on to develop the very same feature Satoshi was asking about? What if Todd, who had otherwise been so careful, had logged in under the wrong username this one time?
「一個剛剛創建這個帳戶、之前從未發布過比特幣信息的人正在完成中本聰的句子嗎?”霍巴克在影片中說。同一個人後來會繼續開發中本聰所詢問的相同功能嗎?如果托德本來就很小心,這次卻用錯誤的用戶名登入了怎麼辦?
(In an e-mail, Todd told me, “That post is simply me noticing a small mistake in one of Satoshi’s posts, and correcting it.” He continued, in a reference to Hoback’s earlier work, “Pointing to a one-off event like that as evidence of someone being Satoshi is QAnon-level conspiracy thinking.”)
(托德在一封電子郵件中告訴我,「那篇文章只是我注意到中本聰的一篇文章中的一個小錯誤,並糾正了它。」他繼續提到霍巴克的早期工作,「指出了一個一次性的問題」像這樣的事件作為某人是中本聰的證據是 QAnon 級別的陰謀思維。」)
The incident, Hoback realized, only got weirder. Three days after the replace-by-fee exchange between Satoshi and Todd, Satoshi disappeared from the forum—forever. So did Todd, who wouldn’t post again on the forum for another two years.
霍巴克意識到,這件事只會變得更奇怪。中本聰和托德交換費用三天后,中本聰從論壇上永遠消失了。托德也是如此,他在接下來的兩年不再在論壇上發文。
Two years after that, in 2014, Todd would reply to a forum novice, John Dillon, who posted a bounty of five hundred dollars—a bizarrely puny amount—to create “replace-by-fee.” An allegedly leaked e-mail exchange between Todd and Dillon revealed that Dillon claimed to be some sort of intelligence agent. Hoback, for various reasons that he details in the film, came to suspect that Todd had invented Dillon as part of an ongoing misdirection campaign.
兩年後,也就是 2014 年,托德回覆了論壇新手約翰·狄龍 (John Dillon),後者懸賞 500 美元——這個數額微不足道——以創建「收費替代」。托德和狄龍之間據稱被洩露的電子郵件往來顯示,狄龍聲稱自己是某種情報人員。霍巴克出於在影片中詳述的各種原因,開始懷疑托德發明了狄龍,作為正在進行的誤導活動的一部分。
(Todd told me that those claims were “an attempt to smear me,” and that the e-mails “have no relevance to Satoshi’s identity at all.”)
(托德告訴我,這些說法是“企圖抹黑我”,而這些電子郵件“與中本聰的身份完全無關。”)
Todd seemed perfectly comfortable with the creation of alternate personae for ventriloquist purposes. He also seemed capable of playing a long game.
托德似乎非常樂意為口技目的創造替代角色。他似乎也有能力打一場持久戰。
“For some people, like Adam, trying not to look like Satoshi made you look more like Satoshi,” Hoback told me. “But not for Peter Todd.”
「對有些人來說,像是亞當,試著讓自己看起來不像中本聰,會讓你看起來更像中本聰,」霍巴克告訴我。 “但對彼得·托德來說則不然。”
In a 2014 tweet, Todd wrote, “Pro-tip: when starting a revolutionary cryptocurrency, find someone to frame for doing it first.”
托德在 2014 年的一條推文中寫道,“專業提示:當開始一種革命性的加密貨幣時,首先要找到合適的人來做這件事。”
As Hoback delved deeper into Todd’s history, he uncovered more and more evidence that seemed to suggest that he might be Satoshi. For example, Todd, at the time, was a Canadian college student, which lined up with Satoshi’s posting habits, Anglicisms in his spelling and vocabulary, and hints at a Commonwealth background. Moreover, Todd had e-mailed Adam Back about hashcash when he was in high school, and his father was an economist, both of which seemed to align with Satoshi’s expertise in cryptography and economics.
隨著霍巴克深入研究托德的歷史,他發現了越來越多的證據,似乎表明他可能是中本聰。例如,托德當時是一名加拿大大學生,這與中本聰的發文習慣、拼字和詞彙中的英國化特徵一致,並暗示了英聯邦背景。此外,托德在高中時曾向Adam Back 發送過有關hashcash 的電子郵件,而他的父親是一名經濟學家,這兩者似乎都與中本聰在密碼學和經濟學方面的專業知識相符。
On the other hand, there were also some discrepancies between Todd and Satoshi. For example, Satoshi was, by consensus, not a professional programmer, and it seemed highly unlikely that he was an original cypherpunk; he hadn’t, for example, even heard of Wei Dai’s “B-money,” another major Bitcoin antecedent, until Back filled him in. The Bitcoin white paper, contrary to academic practice, was extremely thin on citations. All of this pointed to a much
另一方面,托德和中本聰之間也存在一些差異。例如,眾所周知,中本聰不是專業程式設計師,而且他似乎也不太可能是一位原始的密碼龐克;例如,他甚至沒有聽說過戴偉的“B-money”,這是比特幣的另一個主要前身,直到巴克向他補充了資訊。所有這些都表明了一個很大的
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