FTX Relaunch Dreams Die Amid Concerns Over Costs, Complexity, and Value

FTX bankruptcy attorneys and advisors spent substantial time and resources exploring the viability of resuscitating Sam Bankman-Fried's failed cryptocurrency exchange. Despite initial support from creditors and prospective buyers, the idea of FTX 2.0 was ultimately abandoned as it became apparent that the exchange's value had significantly rebounded. Management determined that repaying customers in full without a restart was the most feasible and equitable solution, despite creditors' claims of missed opportunities and incomplete compensation due to the surge in crypto prices since FTX's collapse.

FTX Reboot Dreams Douse Amid Cost, Complexity, and Value Concerns

The legal and advisory professionals guiding FTX's bankruptcy proceedings have concluded, after an exhaustive six-month exploration, that resuscitating Sam Bankman-Fried's collapsed cryptocurrency exchange is not a viable proposition.

External observers might question the feasibility of reviving FTX, given its $8 billion balance sheet shortfall and the fraud charges leveled against its erstwhile executives. Yet, the notion of a rebooted exchange, informally dubbed "FTX 2.0," initially garnered support from prominent creditors and drew interest from dozens of potential buyers.

As cryptocurrency prices surged in late 2022, the billions of dollars' worth of crypto assets still under FTX's control appreciated significantly, rendering it possible for the beleaguered company to repay its customers almost entirely. By ensuring a return of 100 cents on the dollar, FTX's bankruptcy management team can fulfill its mandate without resurrecting the exchange.

Some creditors, however, argue that the bankruptcy estate has squandered an opportunity to salvage value from the ashes of FTX, once a prominent crypto exchange.

"They have destroyed billions of dollars in value," asserts Arush Sehgal, an FTX creditor who briefly consulted for Proof Group, one of the prospective buyers. "They had a thriving business, the No. 2 exchange in the world, and all they had to do was turn it back on. But they failed miserably."

Former customers lament that they will not be fully compensated, as they are set to receive only the cash equivalent of their crypto holdings as of November 2022, when FTX filed for bankruptcy. Bitcoin, the preeminent cryptocurrency, has since tripled in value, trading near $70,000, close to its record highs. Advocates of an FTX restart argue that customers should receive shares in a revamped exchange to mitigate this lost opportunity.

John J. Ray III, the court-appointed CEO of FTX since its bankruptcy filing, maintains that his team explored every avenue to identify buyers or merger partners for the exchange, but the proposals received fell short.

"In each instance, no credible investor was willing to provide sufficient value to offset the costs, delays, and other risks," Ray stated in a statement to The Wall Street Journal. "We did not receive a single meaningful bid for any intellectual property, as the code was outdated and the brand irrevocably associated with fraud."

Bankman-Fried, scheduled for sentencing on Thursday, faces 40 to 50 years in prison for his role in FTX's implosion, which prosecutors have characterized as one of the largest financial frauds in U.S. history.

The Journal conducted extensive interviews with bidders seeking to revive the crypto exchange, creditors involved in the process, and FTX's post-Chapter 11 management team to unravel the fate of FTX 2.0.

Initially, it seemed unlikely that FTX customers could recover a substantial portion of their claims. Ray initially broached the idea of a restart in January 2023, expressing that "if there is a path forward on that, then we will not only explore that, we'll do it."

Ray, a restructuring veteran best known for overseeing Enron's bankruptcy, lacked crypto experience prior to his FTX appointment. Throughout spring and summer 2023, he privately expressed doubts about the feasibility of a restart, citing concerns over regulatory approval and the intrinsic value of cryptocurrencies.

Nonetheless, FTX initiated a search for buyers in May. Behind the scenes, the unsecured creditors' committee, a common bankruptcy feature representing the interests of creditors, actively pushed for a restart. At FTX, this committee was predominantly composed of crypto firms, such as the algorithmic trading firm Wintermute Asia.

Friction emerged between the committee and the bankruptcy estate. Some creditors confidentially accused Ray's team of mishandling crypto transactions and moving too slowly on FTX 2.0. The bankruptcy estate denied any such disagreements with the committee over the 2.0 process.

By September, FTX announced that over 75 potential bidders had expressed interest. Three primary suitors ultimately emerged: Bullish, a crypto exchange led by former New York Stock Exchange President Tom Farley; Figure, a fintech startup; and Proof, a Silicon Valley investment firm.

Bidders primarily sought to attract FTX's former customers to their platforms. They envisioned becoming distribution channels for the digital assets that customers would eventually receive through the bankruptcy process, offering a compelling incentive to onboard these customers. Prior to its collapse, FTX boasted over one million users, including high-value "whales" akin to the top-tier gamblers at a casino.

Bullish emerged as the perceived frontrunner. Farley's firm proposed payment in its own shares, offering FTX customers a stake of approximately 15% in Bullish, with a formula that increased the payout based on Bullish's performance. Additionally, Bullish planned to launch a market for digital tokens representing bankruptcy claims, further incentivizing FTX customers to join their platform.

However, Bullish's proposed deal for FTX fell apart in December. Ray's team expressed disappointment that the FTX 2.0 bids were largely predicated on potential future revenue streams rather than tangible assets. They also felt it would be unfair to effectively coerce FTX customers into joining a new exchange. Moreover, the creditors' committee shifted its stance, concluding that finalizing a complex deal was not worth the time and expense.

Andrew Dietderich, a lawyer for FTX, disclosed the stalled reboot efforts at a January 31 court hearing. "The costs and risks of creating a viable exchange from what Mr. Bankman-Fried left in the dumpster were simply too high," he noted.

Days later, Figure CEO Mike Cagney publicly shared details of his bid on X. His proposal involved merging FTX's customer base with a new exchange planned by Figure, to be partially owned by FTX creditors. "This proposal is worth $billions to FTX creditors and instantly establishes an owner-community for our exchange," Cagney tweeted.

Ray remained unconvinced. "The fairest thing we can do is prioritize returning as much cash as we can to victims, so they can decide what to do with it themselves," he asserted.

If you have any further inquiries, please contact Alexander Osipovich at alexo@wsj.com or Alexander Saeedy at alexander.saeedy@wsj.com.