理解乐观主义：对以太坊第 2 层解决方案的全面检查

Optimism 是一个与以太坊兼容的第 2 层项目，它利用乐观汇总通过处理链下交易和减少拥塞来增强可扩展性。该项目利用OP Stack，这是一个不断发展的软件生态系统，包括治理层、结算层和派生层，为开发人员构建第2层区块链提供基础。 Optimism 的治理模式涉及公民之家和代币之家，通过追溯公共物品资助和提案投票来实现社区驱动的决策和资助。 OP 代币充当网络的治理和实用资产，促进参与治理机构和 DeFi 应用，其中包括去中心化交易所、NFT 交易和游戏。

Understanding Optimism: A Comprehensive Exploration of Ethereum's Scalable Layer-2 Solution

理解乐观：以太坊可扩展的 Layer-2 解决方案的全面探索

Delving into the Essence of Optimism

探究乐观主义的本质

Optimism, an Ethereum-compatible layer-2 project, emerges as a cornerstone of innovation within the blockchain landscape. Its fundamental mission lies in addressing the scalability challenges that plague Ethereum while mirroring its foundational principles and functionality. Spearheaded by The Optimism Collective, a consortium of dedicated entities, Optimism encompasses a comprehensive ecosystem that includes OP Labs, OP Chains, and the Optimism Foundation.

Optimism 是一个与以太坊兼容的第 2 层项目，已成为区块链领域创新的基石。其基本使命在于解决困扰以太坊的可扩展性挑战，同时反映其基本原则和功能。 Optimism 由专门实体联盟 Optimism Collective 牵头，涵盖了一个全面的生态系统，其中包括 OP Labs、OP Chains 和 Optimism Foundation。

Introducing Optimism's Technological Framework

Optimism 技术框架介绍

At its core, Optimism operates in parallel with Ethereum, providing users with access to a wide array of decentralized applications, known as DApps. These DApps span a multitude of use cases, encompassing decentralized exchanges and a plethora of decentralized finance (DeFi) services.

从本质上讲，Optimism 与以太坊并行运行，为用户提供访问各种去中心化应用程序（称为 DApp）的机会。这些 DApp 涵盖多种用例，包括去中心化交易所和大量去中心化金融 (DeFi) 服务。

Central to Optimism's design philosophy is its compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). This compatibility ensures a seamless transition for Ethereum developers transitioning to Optimism's network, enabling effortless DApp development within its ecosystem. However, the true differentiator for Optimism resides in its implementation of optimistic rollups, a scalability solution that sets it apart in the Ethereum ecosystem.

Optimism 设计理念的核心是它与以太坊虚拟机 (EVM) 的兼容性。这种兼容性确保了以太坊开发人员能够无缝过渡到 Optimism 网络，从而在其生态系统中轻松开发 DApp。然而，Optimism 的真正区别在于它实现了 Optimistic Rollups，这是一种可扩展性解决方案，使其在以太坊生态系统中脱颖而出。

Unveiling the Power of Optimistic Rollups

揭示乐观汇总的力量

Optimistic rollup technology represents one of the ingenious scalability solutions developed by Ethereum's innovation-driven community. Despite sharing similarities with zero-knowledge rollups, optimistic rollups exhibit distinct characteristics that contribute to their unique functionality.

乐观汇总技术代表了以太坊创新驱动社区开发的巧妙的可扩展性解决方案之一。尽管与零知识汇总有相似之处，但乐观汇总表现出独特的特征，这有助于其独特的功能。

Functioning as a layer-2 solution built atop Ethereum, Optimism facilitates transaction processing beyond the mainnet, effectively alleviating congestion and minimizing transaction costs. This offloading of transaction data significantly reduces gas fees, offering tangible financial benefits to users. However, a layer-2 solution necessitates a robust mechanism for communication with its parent chain, a role fulfilled by optimistic rollups.

作为构建在以太坊之上的第 2 层解决方案，Optimism 促进了主网之外的交易处理，有效缓解拥塞并最大限度地降低交易成本。交易数据的卸载显着降低了 Gas 费用，为用户提供了切实的经济利益。然而，第 2 层解决方案需要一个强大的机制来与其父链进行通信，这一角色由乐观汇总来实现。

Optimistic rollups drive the seamless transfer of transactions from Ethereum's mainnet to Optimism's layer-2 solution. A key aspect of this process involves users depositing funds into smart contracts tailored to the layer-2 solution. A "sequencer," analogous to a validator node in the Ethereum network, executes transaction processing, aggregating them into a consolidated block. Subsequently, the sequencer submits this block to the layer-1 solution, effectively encapsulating it within a single transaction, known as a state commitment.

Optimistic Rollups 推动交易从以太坊主网无缝转移到 Optimism 的第 2 层解决方案。此过程的一个关键方面涉及用户将资金存入为第 2 层解决方案量身定制的智能合约中。 “排序器”类似于以太坊网络中的验证器节点，执行事务处理，将它们聚合到一个统一的块中。随后，定序器将此块提交给第 1 层解决方案，有效地将其封装在单个事务中，称为状态承诺。

The optimistic nature of optimistic rollups stems from the assumption that all transactions within the rollup are inherently valid. This absence of stringent validation contributes to the lightning-fast transaction throughput, measured in transactions processed per second, that distinguishes Optimism from its peers. In contrast, traditional validation processes often prolong transaction times on other networks.

乐观汇总的乐观本质源于这样的假设：汇总内的所有交易本质上都是有效的。由于缺乏严格的验证，交易吞吐量达到了闪电般的速度（以每秒处理的交易量来衡量），这使得 Optimism 与同行区分开来。相比之下，传统的验证过程通常会延长其他网络上的交易时间。

Nevertheless, a safeguard is in place that empowers users to challenge the validity of a state commitment through the initiation of a "fault proof" process (previously referred to as "fraud-proof"). If a challenge is successful, the challenged state commitment is removed from the chain, replaced by a revised version. Notably, users have a limited window of seven days to lodge a challenge before the state commitment is deemed final.

尽管如此，仍然存在一项保障措施，使用户能够通过启动“防错”流程（以前称为“防欺诈”）来质疑国家承诺的有效性。如果挑战成功，受挑战的状态承诺将从链中删除，并由修订版本取代。值得注意的是，在国家承诺被视为最终决定之前，用户有 7 天的有限时间提出质疑。

Exploring the OP Stack: A Comprehensive Software Ecosystem

探索 OP 堆栈：全面的软件生态系统

While optimistic rollups constitute a vital component of Optimism's architecture, they represent only one facet of the extensive software stack known as the OP Stack.

虽然 Optimistic Rollup 构成了 Optimism 架构的重要组成部分，但它们仅代表了广泛的软件堆栈（称为 OP 堆栈）的一个方面。

The OP Stack embodies an open-source software suite that is constantly evolving, providing the foundation upon which Optimism's functionality rests. It comprises multiple layers, including the governance layer, the settlement layer, and the derivation layer, each meticulously designed to optimize transaction processing and facilitate network evolution. As its foundation, Optimism harnesses the inherent security and transaction execution capabilities of Ethereum, enabling the development of a robust and reliable ecosystem.

OP Stack 体现了一个不断发展的开源软件套件，为 Optimism 的功能提供了基础。它由多个层组成，包括治理层、结算层和衍生层，每个层都经过精心设计，以优化交易处理并促进网络演进。作为其基础，Optimism 利用以太坊固有的安全性和交易执行能力，实现了强大而可靠的生态系统的发展。

Bedrock, the current iteration of the OP Stack, offers developers a comprehensive suite of tools to construct their own layer-2 blockchain solutions. These customized blockchains can leverage the power of optimistic rollups, expanding the scalability and cost efficiency of their applications. However, Bedrock merely represents the initial step in the grander vision of Optimism's community-driven development roadmap.

Bedrock 是 OP Stack 的最新版本，为开发人员提供了一套全面的工具来构建他们自己的第 2 层区块链解决方案。这些定制的区块链可以利用乐观汇总的力量，扩展其应用程序的可扩展性和成本效率。然而，Bedrock 仅代表 Optimism 社区驱动的发展路线图的宏伟愿景的第一步。

Envisioning a Superchain: Optimism's Grand Vision

构想超级链：乐观主义的宏伟愿景

The Optimism organization is tirelessly working towards the evolution of Bedrock into a superchain, a groundbreaking concept that empowers developers to construct their own chains. This superchain will serve as a unifying force, enabling all constituent blockchains to benefit from uniform upgrades, seamless interoperability, and shared governance mechanisms. Essentially, it will foster an environment of interoperability at the layer-2 level.

Optimism 组织正在不懈地努力将 Bedrock 演变成一条超级链，这是一个突破性的概念，使开发人员能够构建自己的链。这条超级链将作为一股统一力量，使所有组成的区块链都能从统一升级、无缝互操作性和共享治理机制中受益。从本质上讲，它将在第 2 层层面培育互操作性环境。

Theoretically, developers will possess the freedom to create blockchains tailored to specific use cases, leveraging the robust security underpinnings of Ethereum while harnessing the scalability advantages afforded by Optimism's superchain. By establishing this unified network of blockchains, Optimism aims to alleviate the scalability hurdles that currently hinder the widespread adoption of blockchain technology.

理论上，开发人员将可以自由地创建针对特定用例的区块链，利用以太坊强大的安全基础，同时利用 Optimism 超级链提供的可扩展性优势。通过建立这个统一的区块链网络，Optimism 旨在减轻目前阻碍区块链技术广泛采用的可扩展性障碍。

As of March 2024, the superchain remains a concept in its nascent stages of development. However, Optimism's team of dedicated engineers and developers exudes confidence in the project's future trajectory. As with any ambitious endeavor, progress hinges on the unwavering commitment and innovation of its community. This is where Optimism's governance model comes into play, ensuring that the project's evolution aligns with the collective vision of its stakeholders.

截至 2024 年 3 月，超级链仍然是一个处于发展初期阶段的概念。然而，Optimism 的敬业工程师和开发人员团队对该项目的未来发展充满信心。与任何雄心勃勃的努力一样，进步取决于社区坚定不移的承诺和创新。这就是 Optimism 的治理模型发挥作用的地方，确保项目的发展与其利益相关者的集体愿景保持一致。

Governance in Optimism: Ensuring Transparent and Equitable Decision-Making

乐观治理：确保决策透明、公平

Governance plays a pivotal role in the long-term success of any blockchain ecosystem, ensuring that development initiatives are meticulously considered and implemented. Optimism's governance model is anchored by two distinct entities: the Citizens' House and the Token House.

治理对于任何区块链生态系统的长期成功都发挥着关键作用，确保开发计划得到仔细考虑和实施。 Optimism 的治理模型由两个不同的实体支撑：公民之家和代币之家。

The Citizens' House: Funding Innovation through Participatory Governance

公民之家：通过参与式治理资助创新

The Citizens' House embodies Optimism's approach to funding the diverse projects that contribute to its ecosystem. It comprises a collective of "citizens" who actively participate in the allocation of funding through the project's innovative Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF) mechanism. Citizens receive non-transferable, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that serve as a testament to their status within the network. These unique identifiers, also known as soulbound tokens, are permanently bound to the wallets of citizens, providing a transparent record of their network history and contributions.

公民之家体现了 Optimism 资助为其生态系统做出贡献的各种项目的方法。它由一群“公民”组成，他们通过该项目创新的追溯公共物品资助（RetroPGF）机制积极参与资金分配。公民收到不可转让、不可替代的代币（NFT），作为他们在网络中地位的证明。这些独特的标识符，也称为灵魂绑定代币，永久绑定到公民的钱包上，提供其网络历史和贡献的透明记录。

The RetroPGF receives its funding from user transactions conducted on Optimism's mainnet. A portion of the sequencer's rewards generated from transaction processing is redistributed into the PGF. The Citizens' House then assumes the responsibility of determining which OP projects will receive this funding, ensuring that resources are directed towards initiatives that align with the community's priorities.

RetroPGF 从 Optimism 主网上进行的用户交易获得资金。排序器在交易处理中产生的一部分奖励被重新分配到 PGF 中。然后，公民之家负责确定哪些 OP 项目将获得这笔资金，确保资源用于符合社区优先事项的举措。

The Token House: Empowering Stakeholders through Direct Participation

Token House：通过直接参与赋予利益相关者权力

The Token House serves as Optimism's primary governance body. Its members are entrusted with the authority to submit and vote on proposals that shape the future of the network. Token House representatives are expected to actively engage in community gatherings, provide regular feedback on ongoing projects, and participate in dedicated reflection periods between voting sessions. These responsibilities demand a significant time commitment, and representatives who find themselves unable to fulfill these duties can delegate their responsibilities to others.

Token House 是 Optimism 的主要治理机构。其成员有权提交塑造网络未来的提案并对其进行投票。 Token House 代表应积极参与社区聚会，定期提供正在进行的项目的反馈，并参与投票会议之间的专门反思期。这些职责需要投入大量的时间，而发现自己无法履行这些职责的代表可以将其职责委托给其他人。

Delegates are tasked with monitoring Optimism's network developments with the same level of diligence as Token House representatives. Additionally, they are expected to actively participate in forum discussions and cast their votes on governance proposals. In recognition of their contributions, delegates are rewarded with OP tokens, the network's primary governance asset.

代表们的任务是像 Token House 代表一样勤勉地监督 Optimism 的网络发展。此外，他们还应积极参与论坛讨论并对治理提案进行投票。为了表彰他们的贡献，代表们将获得 OP 代币的奖励，OP 代币是网络的主要治理资产。

The OP Token: A Catalyst for Community Involvement

OP 代币：社区参与的催化剂

The OP token serves as the primary medium through which users interact with the Optimism network.

OP 代币是用户与 Optimism 网络交互的主要媒介。

As the network's governance token, the OP token empowers holders to actively participate in shaping the future of Optimism. Its primary utility lies in facilitating interactions within the Optimism ecosystem. OP tokens adhere to Ethereum's ERC-20 token standard and can typically be acquired through trading platforms or airdrops. Users can also earn OP tokens by contributing to the network through involvement in one of its governance houses or by processing transactions as a sequencer.

作为网络的治理代币，OP 代币使持有者能够积极参与塑造 Optimism 的未来。它的主要用途在于促进 Optimism 生态系统内的互动。 OP 代币遵循以太坊的 ERC-20 代币标准，通常可以通过交易平台或空投获得。用户还可以通过参与其中一个治理机构或通过作为定序器处理交易来为网络做出贡献来赚取 OP 代币。

Optimism's tokenomics envision a total supply of 4,294,967,296 OP tokens. The project has adopted a modest annual inflation rate of 2% for OP tokens.

Optimism 的代币经济学预计 OP 代币的总供应量为 4,294,967,296 个。该项目对 OP 代币采用了 2% 的适度年通胀率。

Optimism's token distribution strategy encompasses a multifaceted approach:

Optimism 的代币分配策略包含多方面的方法：

• A significant portion is allocated to the community, ensuring widespread participation and ownership.
• Contributors to the network, including developers, ecosystem partners, and early adopters, are duly rewarded.
• Funds are earmarked for research and development initiatives, fueling innovation and continuous improvement.

As a governance token, the OP token does not possess a predefined supply limit. Its primary usage extends beyond governance, also facilitating participation in DeFi activities on Optimism.

很大一部分分配给社区，确保广泛参与和所有权。网络的贡献者，包括开发者、生态系统合作伙伴和早期采用者，都会得到适当的奖励。资金专门用于研究和开发计划，推动创新和持续改进。作为治理代币，OP 代币不具有预定义的供应限制。它的主要用途超出了治理范围，还促进了 Optimism 上 DeFi 活动的参与。

DeFi on Optimism: Unlocking the Potential of Decentralized Finance

乐观的 DeFi：释放去中心化金融的潜力

Decentralized finance platforms offer users a diverse array of opportunities to utilize and grow their token holdings. In line with other layer-2 scaling solutions, Optimism provides a fertile ground for a wide range of DeFi applications. Users can engage in gaming, participate in decentralized exchanges, acquire NFTs, and invest in other DeFi platforms, all while leveraging the OP token as their medium of exchange.

去中心化金融平台为用户提供了多种利用和增加其代币持有量的机会。与其他第 2 层扩展解决方案一样，Optimism 为广泛的 DeFi 应用提供了肥沃的土壤。用户可以参与游戏、参与去中心化交易所、获取 NFT 以及投资其他 DeFi 平台，同时利用 OP 代币作为交易媒介。

However, to fully participate in Optimism's DeFi ecosystem, users must first transfer their assets onto the Optimism network. Fortunately, the seamless nature of Optimism's optimistic rollup technology ensures swift and efficient withdrawals, minimizing any potential inconvenience.

然而，要充分参与 Optimism 的 DeFi 生态系统，用户必须首先将资产转移到 Optimism 网络上。幸运的是，Optimism 乐观汇总技术的无缝特性可确保快速高效的提款，从而最大限度地减少任何潜在的不便。

Conclusion: Optimism's Promise for a Scalable and Equitable Blockchain Future

结论：乐观主义对可扩展且公平的区块链未来的承诺

Optimism stands as a beacon of innovation within the blockchain landscape, offering a comprehensive solution to Ethereum's scalability challenges. Through its meticulous design and unwavering commitment to community governance, Optimism empowers a new era of scalability, fostering the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. As the project continues to mature, its superchain vision holds the promise of unlocking unprecedented possibilities, enabling the creation of a truly interconnected

乐观主义是区块链领域创新的灯塔，为以太坊的可扩展性挑战提供全面的解决方案。通过其精心的设计和对社区治理的坚定承诺，Optimism 开启了可扩展性的新时代，促进了区块链技术的广泛采用。随着该项目的不断成熟，其超级链愿景有望释放前所未有的可能性，从而创建一个真正互联的网络