理解樂觀主義：對以太坊第 2 層解決方案的全面檢查

Optimism 是一個與以太坊相容的第 2 層項目，它利用樂觀匯總透過處理鏈下交易和減少擁塞來增強可擴展性。該專案利用OP Stack，這是一個不斷發展的軟體生態系統，包括治理層、結算層和衍生層，為開發人員建立第2層區塊鏈提供基礎。 Optimism 的治理模式涉及公民之家和代幣之家，透過追溯公共物品資助和提案投票來實現社區驅動的決策和資助。 OP 代幣充當網路的治理和實用資產，促進參與治理機構和 DeFi 應用，其中包括去中心化交易所、NFT 交易和遊戲。

Understanding Optimism: A Comprehensive Exploration of Ethereum's Scalable Layer-2 Solution

理解樂觀：以太坊可擴展的 Layer-2 解決方案的全面探索

Delving into the Essence of Optimism

探究樂觀主義的本質

Optimism, an Ethereum-compatible layer-2 project, emerges as a cornerstone of innovation within the blockchain landscape. Its fundamental mission lies in addressing the scalability challenges that plague Ethereum while mirroring its foundational principles and functionality. Spearheaded by The Optimism Collective, a consortium of dedicated entities, Optimism encompasses a comprehensive ecosystem that includes OP Labs, OP Chains, and the Optimism Foundation.

Optimism 是一個與以太坊相容的第 2 層項目，已成為區塊鏈領域創新的基石。其基本使命在於解決困擾以太坊的可擴展性挑戰，同時反映其基本原則和功能。 Optimism 由專門實體聯盟 Optimism Collective 牽頭，涵蓋了一個全面的生態系統，其中包括 OP Labs、OP Chains 和 Optimism Foundation。

Introducing Optimism's Technological Framework

Optimism 技術框架介紹

At its core, Optimism operates in parallel with Ethereum, providing users with access to a wide array of decentralized applications, known as DApps. These DApps span a multitude of use cases, encompassing decentralized exchanges and a plethora of decentralized finance (DeFi) services.

從本質上講，Optimism 與以太坊並行運行，為用戶提供存取各種去中心化應用程式（稱為 DApp）的機會。這些 DApp 涵蓋多種用例，包括去中心化交易所和大量去中心化金融 (DeFi) 服務。

Central to Optimism's design philosophy is its compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). This compatibility ensures a seamless transition for Ethereum developers transitioning to Optimism's network, enabling effortless DApp development within its ecosystem. However, the true differentiator for Optimism resides in its implementation of optimistic rollups, a scalability solution that sets it apart in the Ethereum ecosystem.

Optimism 設計理念的核心是它與以太坊虛擬機器 (EVM) 的兼容性。這種相容性確保了以太坊開發人員能夠無縫過渡到 Optimism 網絡，從而在其生態系統中輕鬆開發 DApp。然而，Optimism 的真正區別在於它實現了 Optimistic Rollups，這是一種可擴展性解決方案，使其在以太坊生態系統中脫穎而出。

Unveiling the Power of Optimistic Rollups

揭示樂觀匯總的力量

Optimistic rollup technology represents one of the ingenious scalability solutions developed by Ethereum's innovation-driven community. Despite sharing similarities with zero-knowledge rollups, optimistic rollups exhibit distinct characteristics that contribute to their unique functionality.

樂觀匯總技術代表了以太坊創新驅動社群開發的巧妙的可擴展性解決方案之一。儘管與零知識匯總有相似之處，但樂觀匯總表現出獨特的特徵，這有助於其獨特的功能。

Functioning as a layer-2 solution built atop Ethereum, Optimism facilitates transaction processing beyond the mainnet, effectively alleviating congestion and minimizing transaction costs. This offloading of transaction data significantly reduces gas fees, offering tangible financial benefits to users. However, a layer-2 solution necessitates a robust mechanism for communication with its parent chain, a role fulfilled by optimistic rollups.

作為構建在以太坊之上的第 2 層解決方案，Optimism 促進了主網以外的交易處理，有效緩解擁塞並最大限度地降低交易成本。交易資料的卸載顯著降低了 Gas 費用，為用戶提供了實際的經濟利益。然而，第 2 層解決方案需要一個強大的機制來與其父鏈進行通信，而這一角色由樂觀匯總來實現。

Optimistic rollups drive the seamless transfer of transactions from Ethereum's mainnet to Optimism's layer-2 solution. A key aspect of this process involves users depositing funds into smart contracts tailored to the layer-2 solution. A "sequencer," analogous to a validator node in the Ethereum network, executes transaction processing, aggregating them into a consolidated block. Subsequently, the sequencer submits this block to the layer-1 solution, effectively encapsulating it within a single transaction, known as a state commitment.

Optimistic Rollups 推動交易從以太坊主網無縫轉移到 Optimism 的第 2 層解決方案。此過程的關鍵方面涉及用戶將資金存入為第 2 層解決方案量身定制的智能合約中。 「排序器」類似於以太坊網路中的驗證器節點，執行事務處理，將它們聚合到一個統一的區塊中。隨後，定序器將此區塊提交給第 1 層解決方案，有效地將其封裝在單一事務中，稱為狀態承諾。

The optimistic nature of optimistic rollups stems from the assumption that all transactions within the rollup are inherently valid. This absence of stringent validation contributes to the lightning-fast transaction throughput, measured in transactions processed per second, that distinguishes Optimism from its peers. In contrast, traditional validation processes often prolong transaction times on other networks.

樂觀總結的樂觀本質源自於這樣的假設：總結內的所有交易本質上都是有效的。由於缺乏嚴格的驗證，交易吞吐量達到了閃電般的速度（以每秒處理的交易量來衡量），這使得 Optimism 與同行區分開來。相較之下，傳統的驗證過程通常會延長其他網路上的交易時間。

Nevertheless, a safeguard is in place that empowers users to challenge the validity of a state commitment through the initiation of a "fault proof" process (previously referred to as "fraud-proof"). If a challenge is successful, the challenged state commitment is removed from the chain, replaced by a revised version. Notably, users have a limited window of seven days to lodge a challenge before the state commitment is deemed final.

儘管如此，仍然存在一項保障措施，使用戶能夠透過啟動「防錯」流程（以前稱為「防詐欺」）來質疑國家承諾的有效性。如果挑戰成功，受挑戰的狀態承諾將從鏈中刪除，並由修訂版本取代。值得注意的是，在國家承諾被視為最終決定之前，用戶有 7 天的有限時間提出質疑。

Exploring the OP Stack: A Comprehensive Software Ecosystem

探索 OP 堆疊：全面的軟體生態系統

While optimistic rollups constitute a vital component of Optimism's architecture, they represent only one facet of the extensive software stack known as the OP Stack.

雖然 Optimistic Rollup 構成了 Optimism 架構的重要組成部分，但它們僅代表了廣泛的軟體堆疊（稱為 OP 堆疊）的一個方面。

The OP Stack embodies an open-source software suite that is constantly evolving, providing the foundation upon which Optimism's functionality rests. It comprises multiple layers, including the governance layer, the settlement layer, and the derivation layer, each meticulously designed to optimize transaction processing and facilitate network evolution. As its foundation, Optimism harnesses the inherent security and transaction execution capabilities of Ethereum, enabling the development of a robust and reliable ecosystem.

OP Stack 體現了一個不斷發展的開源軟體套件，為 Optimism 的功能提供了基礎。它由多個層組成，包括治理層、結算層和衍生層，每個層都經過精心設計，以優化交易處理並促進網路演進。作為其基礎，Optimism 利用以太坊固有的安全性和交易執行能力，實現了強大而可靠的生態系統的發展。

Bedrock, the current iteration of the OP Stack, offers developers a comprehensive suite of tools to construct their own layer-2 blockchain solutions. These customized blockchains can leverage the power of optimistic rollups, expanding the scalability and cost efficiency of their applications. However, Bedrock merely represents the initial step in the grander vision of Optimism's community-driven development roadmap.

Bedrock 是 OP Stack 的最新版本，為開發人員提供了一套全面的工具來建立自己的第 2 層區塊鏈解決方案。這些客製化的區塊鏈可以利用樂觀匯總的力量，擴展其應用程式的可擴展性和成本效率。然而，Bedrock 僅代表 Optimism 社區驅動的發展路線圖的宏偉願景的第一步。

Envisioning a Superchain: Optimism's Grand Vision

構想超級鏈：樂觀主義的宏偉願景

The Optimism organization is tirelessly working towards the evolution of Bedrock into a superchain, a groundbreaking concept that empowers developers to construct their own chains. This superchain will serve as a unifying force, enabling all constituent blockchains to benefit from uniform upgrades, seamless interoperability, and shared governance mechanisms. Essentially, it will foster an environment of interoperability at the layer-2 level.

Optimism 組織正在不懈地努力將 Bedrock 演變成一條超級鏈，這是一個突破性的概念，使開發人員能夠建立自己的鏈。這條超級鏈將作為一股統一力量，使所有組成的區塊鏈都能從統一升級、無縫互通性和共享治理機制中受益。從本質上講，它將在第 2 層層級培育互通性環境。

Theoretically, developers will possess the freedom to create blockchains tailored to specific use cases, leveraging the robust security underpinnings of Ethereum while harnessing the scalability advantages afforded by Optimism's superchain. By establishing this unified network of blockchains, Optimism aims to alleviate the scalability hurdles that currently hinder the widespread adoption of blockchain technology.

理論上，開發人員將可以自由地創建針對特定用例的區塊鏈，利用以太坊強大的安全基礎，同時利用 Optimism 超級鏈提供的可擴展性優勢。透過建立這個統一的區塊鏈網絡，Optimism 旨在減輕目前阻礙區塊鏈技術廣泛採用的可擴展性障礙。

As of March 2024, the superchain remains a concept in its nascent stages of development. However, Optimism's team of dedicated engineers and developers exudes confidence in the project's future trajectory. As with any ambitious endeavor, progress hinges on the unwavering commitment and innovation of its community. This is where Optimism's governance model comes into play, ensuring that the project's evolution aligns with the collective vision of its stakeholders.

截至 2024 年 3 月，超級鏈仍然是一個處於發展初期階段的概念。然而，Optimism 的敬業工程師和開發人員團隊對該專案的未來發展充滿信心。與任何雄心勃勃的努力一樣，進步取決於社區堅定不移的承諾和創新。這就是 Optimism 的治理模式發揮作用的地方，確保專案的發展與其利害關係人的集體願景保持一致。

Governance in Optimism: Ensuring Transparent and Equitable Decision-Making

樂觀治理：確保決策透明、公平

Governance plays a pivotal role in the long-term success of any blockchain ecosystem, ensuring that development initiatives are meticulously considered and implemented. Optimism's governance model is anchored by two distinct entities: the Citizens' House and the Token House.

治理對於任何區塊鏈生態系統的長期成功都發揮關鍵作用，確保開發計畫得到仔細考慮和實施。 Optimism 的治理模式由兩個不同的實體支撐：公民之家和代幣之家。

The Citizens' House: Funding Innovation through Participatory Governance

公民之家：透過參與式治理資助創新

The Citizens' House embodies Optimism's approach to funding the diverse projects that contribute to its ecosystem. It comprises a collective of "citizens" who actively participate in the allocation of funding through the project's innovative Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF) mechanism. Citizens receive non-transferable, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that serve as a testament to their status within the network. These unique identifiers, also known as soulbound tokens, are permanently bound to the wallets of citizens, providing a transparent record of their network history and contributions.

公民之家體現了 Optimism 資助為其生態系統做出貢獻的各種項目的方法。它由一群「公民」組成，他們透過該計畫創新的追溯公共物品資助（RetroPGF）機制積極參與資金分配。公民收到不可轉讓、不可替代的代幣（NFT），作為他們在網路中地位的證明。這些獨特的標識符，也稱為靈魂綁定代幣，永久綁定到公民的錢包上，提供其網路歷史和貢獻的透明記錄。

The RetroPGF receives its funding from user transactions conducted on Optimism's mainnet. A portion of the sequencer's rewards generated from transaction processing is redistributed into the PGF. The Citizens' House then assumes the responsibility of determining which OP projects will receive this funding, ensuring that resources are directed towards initiatives that align with the community's priorities.

RetroPGF 從 Optimism 主網上進行的用戶交易獲得資金。排序器在交易處理中產生的部分獎勵被重新分配到 PGF 中。然後，公民之家負責確定哪些 OP 項目將獲得這筆資金，確保資源用於符合社區優先事項的措施。

The Token House: Empowering Stakeholders through Direct Participation

Token House：透過直接參與賦予利害關係人權力

The Token House serves as Optimism's primary governance body. Its members are entrusted with the authority to submit and vote on proposals that shape the future of the network. Token House representatives are expected to actively engage in community gatherings, provide regular feedback on ongoing projects, and participate in dedicated reflection periods between voting sessions. These responsibilities demand a significant time commitment, and representatives who find themselves unable to fulfill these duties can delegate their responsibilities to others.

Token House 是 Optimism 的主要治理機構。其成員有權提交塑造網路未來的提案並對其進行投票。 Token House 代表應積極參與社區聚會，定期提供正在進行的專案的回饋，並參與投票會議之間的專門反思期。這些職責需要投入大量的時間，而發現自己無法履行這些職責的代表可以將其職責委託給其他人。

Delegates are tasked with monitoring Optimism's network developments with the same level of diligence as Token House representatives. Additionally, they are expected to actively participate in forum discussions and cast their votes on governance proposals. In recognition of their contributions, delegates are rewarded with OP tokens, the network's primary governance asset.

代表們的任務是像 Token House 代表一樣勤勉地監督 Optimism 的網路發展。此外，他們還應積極參與論壇討論並對治理提案進行投票。為了表彰他們的貢獻，代表們將獲得 OP 代幣的獎勵，OP 代幣是網路的主要治理資產。

The OP Token: A Catalyst for Community Involvement

OP 代幣：社區參與的催化劑

The OP token serves as the primary medium through which users interact with the Optimism network.

OP 代幣是用戶與 Optimism 網路互動的主要媒介。

As the network's governance token, the OP token empowers holders to actively participate in shaping the future of Optimism. Its primary utility lies in facilitating interactions within the Optimism ecosystem. OP tokens adhere to Ethereum's ERC-20 token standard and can typically be acquired through trading platforms or airdrops. Users can also earn OP tokens by contributing to the network through involvement in one of its governance houses or by processing transactions as a sequencer.

作為網路的治理代幣，OP 代幣使持有者能夠積極參與塑造 Optimism 的未來。它的主要用途在於促進 Optimism 生態系內的互動。 OP 代幣遵循以太坊的 ERC-20 代幣標準，通常可以透過交易平台或空投獲得。用戶還可以透過參與其中一個治理機構或透過作為定序器處理交易來為網路做出貢獻來賺取 OP 代幣。

Optimism's tokenomics envision a total supply of 4,294,967,296 OP tokens. The project has adopted a modest annual inflation rate of 2% for OP tokens.

Optimism 的代幣經濟學預計 OP 代幣的總供應量為 4,294,967,296 個。該項目對 OP 代幣採用了 2% 的適度年通膨率。

Optimism's token distribution strategy encompasses a multifaceted approach:

Optimism 的代幣分配策略包含多方面的方法：

• A significant portion is allocated to the community, ensuring widespread participation and ownership.
• Contributors to the network, including developers, ecosystem partners, and early adopters, are duly rewarded.
• Funds are earmarked for research and development initiatives, fueling innovation and continuous improvement.

As a governance token, the OP token does not possess a predefined supply limit. Its primary usage extends beyond governance, also facilitating participation in DeFi activities on Optimism.

很大一部分分配給社區，確保廣泛參與和所有權。網路的貢獻者，包括開發者、生態系統合作夥伴和早期採用者，都會得到適當的獎勵。資金專門用於研究和開發計劃，推動創新和持續改進。作為治理代幣，OP 代幣不具有預先定義的供應限制。它的主要用途超出了治理範圍，也促進了 Optimism 上 DeFi 活動的參與。

DeFi on Optimism: Unlocking the Potential of Decentralized Finance

樂觀的 DeFi：釋放去中心化金融的潛力

Decentralized finance platforms offer users a diverse array of opportunities to utilize and grow their token holdings. In line with other layer-2 scaling solutions, Optimism provides a fertile ground for a wide range of DeFi applications. Users can engage in gaming, participate in decentralized exchanges, acquire NFTs, and invest in other DeFi platforms, all while leveraging the OP token as their medium of exchange.

去中心化金融平台為用戶提供了多種利用和增加其代幣持有量的機會。與其他第 2 層擴展解決方案一樣，Optimism 為廣泛的 DeFi 應用提供了肥沃的土壤。用戶可以參與遊戲、參與去中心化交易所、獲取 NFT 以及投資其他 DeFi 平台，同時利用 OP 代幣作為交易媒介。

However, to fully participate in Optimism's DeFi ecosystem, users must first transfer their assets onto the Optimism network. Fortunately, the seamless nature of Optimism's optimistic rollup technology ensures swift and efficient withdrawals, minimizing any potential inconvenience.

然而，要充分參與 Optimism 的 DeFi 生態系統，使用者必須先將資產轉移到 Optimism 網路上。幸運的是，Optimism 樂觀匯總技術的無縫特性可確保快速且有效率的提款，從而最大限度地減少任何潛在的不便。

Conclusion: Optimism's Promise for a Scalable and Equitable Blockchain Future

結論：樂觀主義對可擴展且公平的區塊鏈未來的承諾

Optimism stands as a beacon of innovation within the blockchain landscape, offering a comprehensive solution to Ethereum's scalability challenges. Through its meticulous design and unwavering commitment to community governance, Optimism empowers a new era of scalability, fostering the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. As the project continues to mature, its superchain vision holds the promise of unlocking unprecedented possibilities, enabling the creation of a truly interconnected

樂觀主義是區塊鏈領域創新的燈塔，為以太坊的可擴展性挑戰提供全面的解決方案。透過其精心的設計和對社群治理的堅定承諾，Optimism 開啟了可擴展性的新時代，促進了區塊鏈技術的廣泛採用。隨著該專案的不斷成熟，其超級鏈願景有望釋放前所未有的可能性，從而創建一個真正互聯的網絡