英国通过刑事定罪打击深度伪造滥用

UK Government Cracks Down on Deepfake Abuse with Criminal Offense

英国政府以刑事犯罪打击 Deepfake 滥用

In a bold move to combat the scourge of sexually explicit deepfake content, the British government has announced plans to criminalize the creation of such images without consent. Separate legislation will be introduced in Wales and England to make this a punishable offense.

为了打击露骨的深度伪造内容的祸害，英国政府宣布计划将未经同意创建此类图像定为犯罪。威尔士和英格兰将出台单独的立法，将这种行为定为应受惩罚的罪行。

Deepfakes, AI-generated images or videos that merge the face of one person with another's, have become a growing concern, particularly as they are often used to create misleading and highly distressing sexual content. As AI technology advances at an alarming rate, the ability to create realistic and convincing deepfakes with minimal effort is becoming increasingly accessible.

Deepfakes 是人工智能生成的图像或视频，将一个人的脸与另一个人的脸融合在一起，已成为越来越令人担忧的问题，特别是因为它们经常被用来创建误导性和高度令人痛苦的性内容。随着人工智能技术以惊人的速度发展，以最小的努力创建逼真且令人信服的深度赝品的能力变得越来越容易。

A recent study by Microsoft revealed a model that, given an image of a person and a few text prompts, can generate a video of that person with astonishing accuracy. This breakthrough underscores the capabilities of these AI systems, creating a worrying scenario for potential deepfake creators.

微软最近的一项研究揭示了一种模型，只要给出一个人的图像和一些文本提示，就可以以惊人的准确性生成该人的视频。这一突破凸显了这些人工智能系统的能力，为潜在的深度造假创造者创造了一个令人担忧的场景。

Under the new law, the creation of explicit deepfakes will be punishable, regardless of whether the creator intended to share them. However, sharing such content will carry more serious consequences, potentially leading to jail time.

根据新法律，无论创作者是否打算分享，创建明显的深度伪造品都将受到惩罚。然而，分享此类内容将带来更严重的后果，可能导致入狱。

This move follows the recognition that women are disproportionately targeted by deepfake abuse, often having their faces superimposed onto pornographic content. Public figures, especially celebrities, have also become victims of this insidious trend.

这一举措是在人们认识到女性不成比例地成为深度伪造虐待的目标，她们的脸经常被叠加到色情内容上。公众人物，尤其是名人，也成为这种阴险趋势的受害者。

"This abhorrent behavior is a gross violation of privacy and must not be tolerated," said Yvette Cooper, shadow home secretary. "Technology is increasingly being manipulated to manufacture misogynistic content, emboldening perpetrators of Violence Against Women and Girls. It's essential that the police and prosecutors are given the tools and training they need to rigorously enforce these laws and prevent perpetrators from acting with impunity."

影子内政大臣伊维特·库珀表示：“这种令人憎恶的行为是对隐私的严重侵犯，绝不能容忍。” “科技越来越多地被用来制造厌恶女性的内容，从而助长了暴力侵害妇女和女童行为的肇事者的气焰。警察和检察官必须获得严格执行这些法律所需的工具和培训，并防止肇事者逍遥法外。”

Despite the importance of this legislation, experts caution that enforcement may prove challenging. The global nature of deepfake technology means that perpetrators can evade detection and prosecution, as law enforcement agencies tend to operate within specific jurisdictions.

尽管这项立法很重要，但专家警告说，执行可能具有挑战性。深度造假技术的全球性意味着犯罪者可以逃避检测和起诉，因为执法机构往往在特定的司法管辖区内运作。

Last year, the UK implemented a law criminalizing the sharing of deepfakes, but the upcoming legislation extends this prohibition to the very inception of these illicit creations. The new law recognizes that deepfakes can cause severe distress, humiliation, and alarm to victims.

去年，英国实施了一项法律，将分享深度伪造品定为刑事犯罪，但即将出台的立法将这一禁令延伸到这些非法创作的最初阶段。新法律承认深度造假可能会给受害者带来严重的痛苦、羞辱和恐慌。

Some legal experts express concerns about the burden of proof, as the legislation requires individuals to prove that someone else has created a false image. However, the law cannot be enforced without clear evidence.

一些法律专家对举证责任表示担忧，因为立法要求个人证明其他人创造了虚假图像。然而，如果没有明确的证据，法律就无法执行。

The legislation will apply to adults over the age of 18, as minors are already protected under existing child protection laws. While the effectiveness of this new law remains to be seen, it sends a clear message that both the creation and distribution of such misogynistic and harmful content will not be tolerated.

该立法将适用于 18 岁以上的成年人，因为未成年人已受到现行儿童保护法的保护。虽然这项新法律的有效性还有待观察，但它发出了一个明确的信息：这种厌恶女性和有害内容的创建和传播都不会被容忍。

This landmark legislation marks a significant step forward in the fight against deepfake abuse, demonstrating the government's commitment to protecting individuals from the dangers posed by this technological menace.

这项具有里程碑意义的立法标志着在打击深度造假滥用方面向前迈出了重要一步，表明政府致力于保护个人免受这种技术威胁带来的危险。