英國透過刑事定罪打擊深度偽造濫用

UK Government Cracks Down on Deepfake Abuse with Criminal Offense

英國政府以刑事犯罪打擊 Deepfake 濫用

In a bold move to combat the scourge of sexually explicit deepfake content, the British government has announced plans to criminalize the creation of such images without consent. Separate legislation will be introduced in Wales and England to make this a punishable offense.

為了打擊露骨的深度偽造內容的禍害，英國政府宣布計劃將未經同意創建此類圖像定為犯罪。威爾斯和英格蘭將推出單獨的立法，將這種行為定為應受懲罰的罪行。

Deepfakes, AI-generated images or videos that merge the face of one person with another's, have become a growing concern, particularly as they are often used to create misleading and highly distressing sexual content. As AI technology advances at an alarming rate, the ability to create realistic and convincing deepfakes with minimal effort is becoming increasingly accessible.

Deepfakes 是人工智慧生成的圖像或視頻，將一個人的臉與另一個人的臉融合在一起，已成為越來越令人擔憂的問題，特別是因為它們經常被用來創建誤導性和高度令人痛苦的性內容。隨著人工智慧技術以驚人的速度發展，以最少的努力創建逼真且令人信服的深度贗品的能力變得越來越容易。

A recent study by Microsoft revealed a model that, given an image of a person and a few text prompts, can generate a video of that person with astonishing accuracy. This breakthrough underscores the capabilities of these AI systems, creating a worrying scenario for potential deepfake creators.

微軟最近的一項研究揭示了一種模型，只要給出一個人的圖像和一些文字提示，就可以以驚人的準確性生成該人的影片。這項突破凸顯了這些人工智慧系統的能力，為潛在的深度造假創造者創造了一個令人擔憂的場景。

Under the new law, the creation of explicit deepfakes will be punishable, regardless of whether the creator intended to share them. However, sharing such content will carry more serious consequences, potentially leading to jail time.

根據新法律，無論創作者是否打算分享，創建明顯的深度偽造品都將受到懲罰。然而，分享此類內容將帶來更嚴重的後果，可能導致入獄。

This move follows the recognition that women are disproportionately targeted by deepfake abuse, often having their faces superimposed onto pornographic content. Public figures, especially celebrities, have also become victims of this insidious trend.

這項舉措是在人們意識到女性不成比例地成為深度偽造虐待的目標，她們的臉經常被疊加到色情內容上。公眾人物，尤其是名人，也成為這種陰險趨勢的受害者。

"This abhorrent behavior is a gross violation of privacy and must not be tolerated," said Yvette Cooper, shadow home secretary. "Technology is increasingly being manipulated to manufacture misogynistic content, emboldening perpetrators of Violence Against Women and Girls. It's essential that the police and prosecutors are given the tools and training they need to rigorously enforce these laws and prevent perpetrators from acting with impunity."

影子內政大臣伊維特庫柏表示：“這種令人憎惡的行為是對隱私的嚴重侵犯，絕不能容忍。” 「科技越來越多地被用來製造厭惡女性的內容，從而助長了暴力侵害婦女和女孩行為的肇事者的氣焰。警察和檢察官必須獲得嚴格執行這些法律所需的工具和培訓，並防止肇事者逍遙法外。

Despite the importance of this legislation, experts caution that enforcement may prove challenging. The global nature of deepfake technology means that perpetrators can evade detection and prosecution, as law enforcement agencies tend to operate within specific jurisdictions.

儘管這項立法很重要，但專家警告說，執行可能具有挑戰性。深度造假技術的全球性意味著犯罪者可以逃避偵測和起訴，因為執法機構往往在特定的司法管轄區內運作。

Last year, the UK implemented a law criminalizing the sharing of deepfakes, but the upcoming legislation extends this prohibition to the very inception of these illicit creations. The new law recognizes that deepfakes can cause severe distress, humiliation, and alarm to victims.

去年，英國實施了一項法律，將分享深度偽造品定為刑事犯罪，但即將出台的立法將這項禁令延伸到這些非法創作的最初階段。新法承認深度造假可能會給受害者帶來嚴重的痛苦、羞辱和恐慌。

Some legal experts express concerns about the burden of proof, as the legislation requires individuals to prove that someone else has created a false image. However, the law cannot be enforced without clear evidence.

一些法律專家對舉證責任表示擔憂，因為立法要求個人證明其他人創造了虛假圖像。然而，如果沒有明確的證據，法律就無法執行。

The legislation will apply to adults over the age of 18, as minors are already protected under existing child protection laws. While the effectiveness of this new law remains to be seen, it sends a clear message that both the creation and distribution of such misogynistic and harmful content will not be tolerated.

該法案將適用於 18 歲以上的成年人，因為未成年人已受到現行兒童保護法的保護。雖然這項新法律的有效性還有待觀察，但它發出了一個明確的訊息：這種厭惡女性和有害內容的創造和傳播都不會被容忍。

This landmark legislation marks a significant step forward in the fight against deepfake abuse, demonstrating the government's commitment to protecting individuals from the dangers posed by this technological menace.

這項具有里程碑意義的立法標誌著在打擊深度造假濫用方面向前邁出了重要一步，表明政府致力於保護個人免受這種技術威脅的危險。