俄罗斯在与中国和印度的石油贸易中转向加密货币

熟悉此事的四个消息人士周五告诉路透社，俄罗斯正在与中国和印度的石油贸易进行加密货币，以避免西方制裁。

Russia is turning to cryptocurrencies in its oil trade with China and India to avoid Western sanctions, four sources familiar with the matter told Reuters on Friday.

熟悉此事的四个消息人士周五告诉路透社，俄罗斯正在与中国和印度的石油贸易进行加密货币，以避免西方制裁。

While Russia has openly supported the use of digital currencies and passed a law allowing crypto payments in international trade last year, its role in oil transactions had not been previously reported.

尽管俄罗斯已公开支持使用数字货币的使用，并通过了一项法律，该法律允许去年的国际贸易付款，但以前尚未报道其在石油交易中的作用。

Some Russian oil companies are using Bitcoin, Ether, and stablecoins like Tether (USDT) to convert Chinese yuan and Indian rupees into Russian roubles, the sources said. Although crypto still accounts for a small share of Russia’s $192 billion oil trade, its use is growing.

消息人士称，一些俄罗斯石油公司正在使用像Tether（USDT）这样的比特币，以太和稳定的石油公司将中国人民币和印度卢比转变为俄罗斯卢布。尽管加密货币仍然占俄罗斯1920亿美元石油贸易的一小部分，但其使用量正在增长。

Cryptocurrencies have long been a tool for sanctioned countries such as Iran and Venezuela to keep trade flowing without relying on the U.S. dollar.

长期以来，加密货币一直是伊朗和委内瑞拉等批准国家的工具，可以在不依靠美元的情况下继续贸易流动。

Venezuela, for example, ramped up crypto transactions in crude and fuel exports after the U.S. reimposed sanctions. A fifth source, a researcher tracking cryptocurrency-based sanctions evasion, said Russia has set up multiple systems for international transactions, with USDT being just one method.

例如，委内瑞拉在美国重新实施制裁后，在原油和燃料出口中加强了加密交易。第五消息来源是跟踪基于加密货币的逃避制裁的研究人员，他说，俄罗斯已经建立了多个国际交易系统，USDT只是一种方法。

Russia’s central bank did not respond to requests for comment, but last year it acknowledged that payment delays due to sanctions were hurting the economy.

俄罗斯的中央银行没有回应置评请求，但去年它承认，由于制裁造成的付款延误正在损害经济。

Meanwhile, U.S. President Donald Trump is working to improve relations with Russia while also considering tougher sanctions. The White House has been weighing options for sanction relief, but Trump said on March 7 that he is strongly considering more sanctions on Russia.

同时，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）正在努力改善与俄罗斯的关系，同时也考虑更严格的制裁。白宫一直在权衡制裁救济的选择，但特朗普在3月7日表示，他强烈考虑对俄罗斯进行更多的制裁。

One of the sources said crypto is likely to remain in Russian oil trade even if sanctions are lifted, as it makes transactions faster and more efficient.

其中一位消息人士称，即使取消制裁，加密货币也可能保留在俄罗斯石油贸易中，因为这会使交易更快，更有效。

A typical deal works as follows: A Chinese buyer pays a middleman in yuan into an offshore account. The middleman converts the money into crypto, transfers it through multiple accounts, and eventually converts it to roubles in Russia.

一项典型的交易如下：中国买家在元里支付了一个中间人进入离岸帐户。中间人将钱转换为加密货币，通过多个帐户将其转移到俄罗斯的卢布。

According to one source, a Russian oil trader handling sales to China moves tens of millions of dollars in crypto transactions each month.

一位消息人士称，一个俄罗斯石油交易员处理中国的销售额每月移动数千万美元的加密交易。