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一个国际研究人员正在开发火星进化的模型，该模型可以解锁其长期以来的秘密
An international team of researchers is developing a model of Mars’s evolution that could unlock some of its long-held secrets, including whether it once harboured life.
一支国际研究人员正在开发火星进化的模型，该模型可以释放其一些长期以来的秘密，包括它是否曾经拥有生活。
The work is being coordinated at the French National Centre for Scientific Research in Paris by François Forget, a space scientist at the Pierre Simon Laplace Institute.
Pierre Simon Laplace Institute的太空科学家FrançoisLossed在法国国家科学研究中心在法国国家科学研究中心进行了协调。
The six-year initiative, named Mars through time and supported by EU funding, is aiming to piece together different periods of the planet’s history to answer the question that has long perplexed scientists: was Mars once habitable?
这项为期六年的倡议，随着时间的流逝而命名为火星，并得到欧盟资金的支持，旨在将地球历史的不同时期拼凑在一起，以回答长期困扰科学家的问题：火星曾经居住吗？
«Mars was a place where life could have emerged, so it’s very fascinating,» said François, the principal investigator of Mars through time.
“火星是生活可能出现的地方，所以这非常有趣。”
The researchers are trying to piece together different periods of the planet’s history. Credit: NASA
研究人员正在尝试将地球历史的不同时期拼凑在一起。学分：NASA
The team is working to create simulations that will provide a deeper understanding of Mars’s climatic history and help to determine whether it was once able to sustain life.
该团队正在努力创建模拟，以更深入地了解火星的气候历史，并有助于确定它是否能够维持生命。
«We are trying to invent a new model, to build a virtual planet that evolves through time. It’s a super ambitious project,» said François.
«我们正在尝试发明一个新模型，以建立一个随着时间的流逝而发展的虚拟星球。弗朗索瓦说，这是一个超级雄心勃勃的项目。
The work to develop this model has been ongoing since 2019 and proved more difficult to realize than initially thought – in part because of the large amount of computing power needed. But the end is in sight.
自2019年以来，开发该模型的工作一直在进行，事实证明比最初想象的更难实现 - 部分原因是所需的大量计算能力。但是目前的结局。
«Now I know it’s possible. I’m convinced that soon we will have a very nice tool available to the community.»
«现在我知道这是可能的。我坚信很快我们将为社区提供一个非常好的工具。»
This means we may soon be able to use this virtual time machine to transport ourselves to different periods of Martian history and understand exactly what happened to the planet and when.
这意味着我们可能很快就可以使用这台虚拟时光机将自己运送到火星历史的不同时期，并确切地了解地球发生了什么以及何时发生的事情。
Like Earth, Mars was born at the dawn of our solar system, 4.5 billion years ago. It is about half the size of our own planet and is farther from the Sun than we are. At this distance, it receives less solar radiation than Earth does.
像地球一样，火星出生于45亿年前的太阳系黎明。它大约是我们自己星球的大小的一半，与太阳更远。在此距离处，它收到的太阳辐射比地球少。
However, evidence increasingly suggests that early in its life, Mars was a warm and wet planet much like our own.
但是，证据越来越多地表明，在其生命的早期，火星是一个像我们自己一样的温暖而湿的星球。
Geological and mineralogical evidence shows that Mars once possessed a thicker atmosphere than the planet has today. Even more intriguingly, we can also see remnants of ancient lakes and seas on its surface.
地质和矿物学证据表明，火星曾经拥有比今天的地球更厚的气氛。更有趣的是，我们还可以在其表面看到古代湖泊和海洋的残余物。
Two of these are currently being explored by the NASA rovers Curiosity and Perseverance.
NASA Rovers的好奇心和毅力目前正在探索其中的两个。
At some point 3 to 4 billion years ago, Mars lost its atmosphere for reasons not yet fully understood, and with it, the temperate conditions that allowed liquid water to exist on its surface.
在3至40亿年前的某个点，火星由于尚未完全理解的原因而失去了大气，因此，温带条件允许液态水在其表面存在。
Today the planet is barren and dry, except for water thought to be trapped under its surface, and ice that we can see frozen at its poles.
如今，该星球贫瘠而干燥，除了被认为被困在其表面下的水以及我们可以在其杆子上冻结的冰。
When exactly the planet was warm and wet is still an open question.
当地球确切地温暖而湿时，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
«We do not understand the climate process that allowed that,’ said François, and points out a crucial issue to be explored: «liquid water means there was a possibility of the emergence of life at the same time life emerged on Earth.»
弗朗索瓦说：“我们不了解允许这一允许的气候过程，并指出一个至关重要的问题：«液态水意味着在地球上出现生命的同时生命的可能性。
Mars is also thought to have gone through periods of vast glaciation, carving valleys on its surface, when the atmosphere temporarily disappeared.
人们还认为，当大气暂时消失时，火星经历了巨大的冰川，在其表面上雕刻山谷的时期。
The model is hoping to give insight into when these periods occurred. It will be able to do that with a precision unlike any previous Mars climate models. The current models provide just a snapshot of the climate at any given moment.
该模型希望深入了解这些时期何时发生。与以前的火星气候模型不同，它将能够精确地做到这一点。当前的模型在任何给定时刻都提供了气候的快照。
«We’re trying to have a new model that can simulate the evolution of Mars for thousands or millions of years. When we do that, we can simulate the evolution of glaciers and lakes.»
«我们正在尝试建立一个可以模拟数千年或数百万年的火星演变的新模型。当我们这样做时，我们可以模拟冰川和湖泊的演变。
To develop the model, François and his team take known information about Mars and use powerful computers to simulate the conditions on its surface that this might have led to.
为了开发模型，François和他的团队采用有关火星的已知信息，并使用强大的计算机模拟其表面上可能导致的条件。
For example, one known major changing factor on Mars has been its obliquity, the tilt of the planet as it orbits the Sun.
例如，火星上的一个已知的重大变化因素是它的倾斜度，即绕太阳绕着地球的倾斜。
Currently, it is about 25 degrees, similar to Earth, but it has varied throughout its history from almost zero degrees to more than 60 degrees, said François. This has caused large swings in the amount of heat on Mars’s surface.
弗朗索瓦说，目前，它大约是25度，类似于地球，但在整个历史上从几乎零度到60度以上。这引起了火星表面上的热量大量波动。
The thickness and composition of the Martian atmosphere over time is also an open question. Today the planet’s atmosphere is about 1% of the Earth’s volume, with 95% of it made up of CO2.
随着时间的流逝，火星大气的厚度和组成也是一个悬而未决的问题。如今，地球的大气约占地球体积的1％，其中95％由二氧化碳组成。
«We used to think that if you add enough CO2, you will have a warm climate. But that is not sufficient. There is something else that allowed a warm climate.»
«我们曾经认为，如果您添加足够的二氧化碳，您将有一个温暖的气候。但这还不够。还有其他允许温暖气候的东西。»
The current thinking is that ancient volcanism on Mars expelled a considerable amount of hydrogen into the atmosphere, which, combined with CO2, could make a sufficient greenhouse effect. «But it’s very speculative. There is a mystery there.»
当前的思想是，火星上的古代火山将大量的氢驱逐到大气中，与二氧化碳结合使用，可以产生足够的温室作用。 «但是这非常投机。那里有一个谜。»
Large impacts, like collisions with asteroids or comets, could also have influenced Mars’s climate. «With our tools, we can model that.» Evidence of those impacts is visible today as craters on the planet’s surface.
巨大的影响，例如与小行星或彗星的碰撞，也可能影响火星的气候。 «借助我们的工具，我们可以对此进行建模。»如今，作为地球表面的陨石坑，这些影响的证据是可见的。
While Mars is barren today, it has shown many faces in the past
虽然今天的火星贫瘠，但过去显示了许多面孔
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