消除 Gas 费用的探索：免费和低费用区块链

在网络严重拥堵期间，区块链交易费用可能会飞涨。在从工作量证明转向权益证明之前，以太坊网络上的汽油费通常会达到非常高的水平，用户必须支付数百美元才能在合理的时间内处理他们的交易。

Rising network congestion can lead to astronomical blockchain transaction fees. Prior to shifting from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake, gas fees on the Ethereum network would often reach absurdly high levels, with users paying hundreds of dollars to have their transactions processed in a reasonable amount of time.

网络拥堵加剧可能导致区块链交易费用达到天文数字。在从工作量证明转向权益证明之前，以太坊网络上的汽油费通常会达到荒谬的高水平，用户需要支付数百美元才能在合理的时间内处理交易。

The Bitcoin blockchain has also experienced similar issues in the past, with fees recently surging to over $300 at the height of the Ordinals craze. These sky-high fees are detrimental to both businesses and consumers, rendering crypto networks virtually unusable and tarnishing their reputation. After all, who would use crypto instead of fiat if they had to pay upwards of $50 in fees just to buy a cup of coffee?

比特币区块链过去也经历过类似的问题，最近在 Ordinals 热潮最高峰时，费用飙升至 300 美元以上。这些天价费用对企业和消费者都不利，导致加密网络几乎无法使用并损害其声誉。毕竟，如果他们必须支付超过 50 美元的费用才能购买一杯咖啡，谁会使用加密货币而不是法定货币呢？

Fortunately, the ever-innovative blockchain industry has recognized the problem of spiraling gas fees, which are an inevitable consequence of blockchains scaling beyond their means. Ethereum has made especially good progress, with a recent update called The Merge helping to enhance its scalability and making $50+ fees a thing of the past. It’s also been aided by the development of Layer-2 networks that bundle transactions together and process them off-chain, so they can be executed as one, much bigger transaction and share the fee between them.

幸运的是，不断创新的区块链行业已经认识到天然气费用螺旋式上涨的问题，这是区块链规模超出其能力范围的不可避免的结果。以太坊取得了特别好的进展，最近一项名为“合并”的更新有助于增强其可扩展性，并使 50 美元以上的费用成为过去。它还得益于第二层网络的发展，该网络将交易捆绑在一起并在链下处理它们，因此它们可以作为一个更大的交易执行，并在它们之间分担费用。

We’ve also seen the emergence of blockchains like IOTA and Nano, which were deliberately architecture with low fees in mind.

我们还看到了像 IOTA 和 Nano 这样的区块链的出现，它们的架构是为了降低费用而特意设计的。

Lower fees have become a key differentiator in the blockchain industry, especially for DeFi users and traders who regularly perform hundreds of transactions per day. The allure is simple: the lower the fees, the more crypto that’s left in your wallet at the end of the day.

较低的费用已成为区块链行业的一个关键差异化因素，特别是对于每天定期执行数百笔交易的 DeFi 用户和交易者而言。其吸引力很简单：费用越低，一天结束时您钱包中剩余的加密货币就越多。

No-Fee & Low-Fee Blockchains

免费和低费用区块链

The quest to reduce blockchain fees has resulted in the creation of a number of networks that are entirely free to use.

为了降低区块链费用，创建了许多完全免费使用的网络。

One of the most famous of these is Nano, which has a unique architecture that makes it a popular choice for microtransactions. Not only does it charge no fees at all, but it processes transactions instantaneously. It’s a model that makes it a great choice for users who need to make frequent small payments, which would be cost-prohibitive on a more popular network like Ethereum or Bitcoin, but the downside is that few people actually use Nano, which has a low market cap of just $109 million.

其中最著名的之一是 Nano，它具有独特的架构，使其成为微交易的流行选择。它不仅完全不收取任何费用，而且可以即时处理交易。这种模式使其成为需要频繁进行小额支付的用户的绝佳选择，这在以太坊或比特币等更流行的网络上成本高昂，但缺点是很少有人真正使用 Nano，因为 Nano 的支付速度较低。市值仅为1.09亿美元。

Another free-to-spend cryptocurrency is IOTA, which is a network that’s geared towards “internet of things” economies. It utilizes a special consensus mechanism known as the Tangle, and is designed to enable machine-to-machine transactions at zero costs. IOTA makes sense because if small devices like sensors are going to use blockchain to communicate with one another, such a system has to be extremely cost-effective. But although IOTA is designed to scale, it still has a long way to go with a limited market cap of just over $400 million.

另一种免费使用的加密货币是 IOTA，它是一个面向“物联网”经济的网络。它利用一种称为“缠结”的特殊共识机制，旨在以零成本实现机器对机器交易。 IOTA 是有意义的，因为如果传感器等小型设备要使用区块链相互通信，那么这样的系统必须极具成本效益。不过，尽管 IOTA 的设计是为了扩展规模，但由于市值仅超过 4 亿美元，它还有很长的路要走。

With their low market caps, neither Nano nor IOTA is quite ready to support the blockchain masses and enable a world of low-cost transactions, but fortunately there are other choices. For instance, the high-performance Solana network, which hosts a huge ecosystem of DeFi applications, has emerged as one of the most cost-effective blockchains around, with fees averaging just $0,00025 per transaction.

由于市值较低，Nano 和 IOTA 都没有准备好支持区块链大众并实现低成本交易的世界，但幸运的是还有其他选择。例如，高性能 Solana 网络托管着庞大的 DeFi 应用生态系统，已成为最具成本效益的区块链之一，每笔交易的平均费用仅为 0,00025 美元。

Another popular low-cost chain is Dogecoin, the world’s favorite memecoin, which started as a joke but has since grown to become a popular token for microtransactions, tipping and donations, as well as a payment option for Tesla customers. The average Dogecoin user pays around $0.0025 in fees for each transaction, which enhances its appeal beyond the enduring meme factor.

另一个流行的低成本链是狗狗币，这是世界上最受欢迎的模因币，它最初只是一个笑话，但后来发展成为微交易、小费和捐赠的流行代币，以及特斯拉客户的支付选项。狗狗币用户平均为每笔交易支付约 0.0025 美元的费用，这增强了其吸引力，超越了持久的迷因因素。

We should also give a shout to Litecoin, which has long stood in the shadow of Bitcoin despite always insisting that it’s actually far superior to the world’s foremost cryptocurrency. Litecoin might not match the value of BTC, and it quite possibly never will, but when it comes to transaction costs it wins hands-down with its average fee of just $0.02.

我们还应该为莱特币喝彩，尽管它一直坚称它实际上远远优于世界上最重要的加密货币，但它长期以来一直处于比特币的阴影之下。莱特币的价值可能无法与 BTC 相匹配，而且很可能永远不会，但当谈到交易成本时，它以 0.02 美元的平均费用轻松获胜。

Abstracting Away The Gas

抽走气体

Low cost and zero cost gas fees offer a way to attract users to a blockchain network, but there are alternative models that can prove to be even more enticing.

低成本和零成本的 Gas 费提供了一种吸引用户使用区块链网络的方法，但事实证明还有其他模型更具吸引力。

The EOS network is often said to be a competitor to Ethereum and it has many advantages in terms of its performance and speed, but one of its lesser-known features is its differentiated gas fee structure. Like with all networks, users have to pay to interact with the EOS blockchain, but unlike others, which charge fees on a per-transaction basis, users have the option to pay them upfront, based on their expected usage. To do this, they can stake EOS tokens to pay their fees ahead of time, and doing so works out to be more profitable, as it guarantees that they’ll pay a lower cost per transaction.

EOS 网络通常被认为是以太坊的竞争对手，它在性能和速度方面具有许多优势，但其鲜为人知的特点之一是其差异化的 Gas 费用结构。与所有网络一样，用户必须付费才能与 EOS 区块链进行交互，但与其他按每笔交易收取费用的网络不同，用户可以选择根据其预期使用情况预先付款。为此，他们可以质押 EOS 代币来提前支付费用，这样做可以带来更多利润，因为这可以保证他们为每笔交易支付更低的成本。

For users, this not only means

对于用户来说，这不仅意味着