消除 Gas 費用的探索：免費和低費用區塊鏈

在網路嚴重擁塞期間，區塊鏈交易費用可能會飛漲。在從工作量證明轉向權益證明之前，以太坊網路上的汽油費通常會達到非常高的水平，用戶必須支付數百美元才能在合理的時間內處理他們的交易。

Rising network congestion can lead to astronomical blockchain transaction fees. Prior to shifting from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake, gas fees on the Ethereum network would often reach absurdly high levels, with users paying hundreds of dollars to have their transactions processed in a reasonable amount of time.

網路擁塞加劇可能導致區塊鏈交易費用達到天文數字。在從工作量證明轉向權益證明之前，以太坊網路上的汽油費通常會達到荒謬的高水平，用戶需要支付數百美元才能在合理的時間內處理交易。

The Bitcoin blockchain has also experienced similar issues in the past, with fees recently surging to over $300 at the height of the Ordinals craze. These sky-high fees are detrimental to both businesses and consumers, rendering crypto networks virtually unusable and tarnishing their reputation. After all, who would use crypto instead of fiat if they had to pay upwards of $50 in fees just to buy a cup of coffee?

比特幣區塊鏈過去也經歷過類似的問題，最近在 Ordinals 熱潮最高峰時，費用飆升至 300 美元以上。這些天價費用對企業和消費者都不利，導致加密網路幾乎無法使用並損害其聲譽。畢竟，如果他們只需要支付 50 美元以上的費用才能購買一杯咖啡，誰會使用加密貨幣而不是法定貨幣？

Fortunately, the ever-innovative blockchain industry has recognized the problem of spiraling gas fees, which are an inevitable consequence of blockchains scaling beyond their means. Ethereum has made especially good progress, with a recent update called The Merge helping to enhance its scalability and making $50+ fees a thing of the past. It’s also been aided by the development of Layer-2 networks that bundle transactions together and process them off-chain, so they can be executed as one, much bigger transaction and share the fee between them.

幸運的是，不斷創新的區塊鏈產業已經認識到天然氣費用螺旋式上漲的問題，這是區塊鏈規模超出其能力範圍的不可避免的結果。以太坊取得了特別好的進展，最近一項名為「合併」的更新有助於增強其可擴展性，並使 50 美元以上的費用成為過去。它還得益於第二層網路的發展，該網路將交易捆綁在一起並在鏈下處理它們，因此它們可以作為一個更大的交易執行，並在它們之間分擔費用。

We’ve also seen the emergence of blockchains like IOTA and Nano, which were deliberately architecture with low fees in mind.

我們也看到了像 IOTA 和 Nano 這樣的區塊鏈的出現，它們的架構是為了降低費用而特意設計的。

Lower fees have become a key differentiator in the blockchain industry, especially for DeFi users and traders who regularly perform hundreds of transactions per day. The allure is simple: the lower the fees, the more crypto that’s left in your wallet at the end of the day.

較低的費用已成為區塊鏈行業的關鍵差異化因素，特別是對於每天定期執行數百筆交易的 DeFi 用戶和交易者。其吸引力很簡單：費用越低，一天結束時您錢包中剩餘的加密貨幣就越多。

No-Fee & Low-Fee Blockchains

免費和低費用區塊鏈

The quest to reduce blockchain fees has resulted in the creation of a number of networks that are entirely free to use.

為了降低區塊鏈費用，創建了許多完全免費使用的網路。

One of the most famous of these is Nano, which has a unique architecture that makes it a popular choice for microtransactions. Not only does it charge no fees at all, but it processes transactions instantaneously. It’s a model that makes it a great choice for users who need to make frequent small payments, which would be cost-prohibitive on a more popular network like Ethereum or Bitcoin, but the downside is that few people actually use Nano, which has a low market cap of just $109 million.

其中最著名的之一是 Nano，它具有獨特的架構，使其成為微交易的流行選擇。它不僅完全不收取任何費用，而且可以即時處理交易。這種模式使其成為需要頻繁進行小額支付的用戶的絕佳選擇，這在以太坊或比特幣等更流行的網路上成本高昂，但缺點是很少有人真正使用Nano，因為Nano 的支付速度較低。

Another free-to-spend cryptocurrency is IOTA, which is a network that’s geared towards “internet of things” economies. It utilizes a special consensus mechanism known as the Tangle, and is designed to enable machine-to-machine transactions at zero costs. IOTA makes sense because if small devices like sensors are going to use blockchain to communicate with one another, such a system has to be extremely cost-effective. But although IOTA is designed to scale, it still has a long way to go with a limited market cap of just over $400 million.

另一種免費使用的加密貨幣是 IOTA，它是一個以「物聯網」經濟為導向的網路。它利用一種稱為「纏結」的特殊共識機制，旨在以零成本實現機器對機器交易。 IOTA 是有意義的，因為如果感測器等小型設備要使用區塊鏈相互通信，那麼這樣的系統必須極具成本效益。不過，儘管 IOTA 的設計是為了擴展規模，但由於市值僅超過 4 億美元，它還有很長的路要走。

With their low market caps, neither Nano nor IOTA is quite ready to support the blockchain masses and enable a world of low-cost transactions, but fortunately there are other choices. For instance, the high-performance Solana network, which hosts a huge ecosystem of DeFi applications, has emerged as one of the most cost-effective blockchains around, with fees averaging just $0,00025 per transaction.

由於市值較低，Nano 和 IOTA 都沒有準備好支持區塊鏈大眾並實現低成本交易的世界，但幸運的是還有其他選擇。例如，高效能 Solana 網路託管著龐大的 DeFi 應用生態系統，已成為最具成本效益的區塊鏈之一，每筆交易的平均費用僅為 0,00025 美元。

Another popular low-cost chain is Dogecoin, the world’s favorite memecoin, which started as a joke but has since grown to become a popular token for microtransactions, tipping and donations, as well as a payment option for Tesla customers. The average Dogecoin user pays around $0.0025 in fees for each transaction, which enhances its appeal beyond the enduring meme factor.

另一個流行的低成本鍊是狗狗幣，這是世界上最受歡迎的迷因幣，它最初只是一個笑話，但後來發展成為微交易、小費和捐贈的流行代幣，以及特斯拉客戶的付款選項。狗狗幣用戶平均為每筆交易支付約 0.0025 美元的費用，這增強了其吸引力，超越了持久的迷因因素。

We should also give a shout to Litecoin, which has long stood in the shadow of Bitcoin despite always insisting that it’s actually far superior to the world’s foremost cryptocurrency. Litecoin might not match the value of BTC, and it quite possibly never will, but when it comes to transaction costs it wins hands-down with its average fee of just $0.02.

我們也應該為萊特幣喝彩，儘管它一直堅稱它實際上遠遠優於世界上最重要的加密貨幣，但它長期以來一直處於比特幣的陰影之下。萊特幣的價值可能無法與 BTC 相匹配，而且很可能永遠不會，但當涉及交易成本時，它以 0.02 美元的平均費用輕鬆獲勝。

Abstracting Away The Gas

抽走氣體

Low cost and zero cost gas fees offer a way to attract users to a blockchain network, but there are alternative models that can prove to be even more enticing.

低成本和零成本的 Gas 費提供了一種吸引用戶使用區塊鏈網路的方法，但事實證明還有其他模型更具吸引力。

The EOS network is often said to be a competitor to Ethereum and it has many advantages in terms of its performance and speed, but one of its lesser-known features is its differentiated gas fee structure. Like with all networks, users have to pay to interact with the EOS blockchain, but unlike others, which charge fees on a per-transaction basis, users have the option to pay them upfront, based on their expected usage. To do this, they can stake EOS tokens to pay their fees ahead of time, and doing so works out to be more profitable, as it guarantees that they’ll pay a lower cost per transaction.

EOS 網路通常被認為是以太坊的競爭對手，它在性能和速度方面具有許多優勢，但其鮮為人知的特點之一是其差異化的 Gas 費用結構。與所有網路一樣，用戶必須付費才能與 EOS 區塊鏈進行交互，但與其他按每筆交易收取費用的網路不同，用戶可以選擇根據其預期使用情況預先付款。為此，他們可以質押 EOS 代幣來提前支付費用，這樣做可以帶來更多利潤，因為這可以保證他們為每筆交易支付更低的成本。

For users, this not only means

對於用戶來說，這不僅意味著