mBridge：距离石油美元和比特币的终结又近了一步

国际清算银行（BIS）以及中国、香港、泰国和阿拉伯联合酋长国的中央银行一直在努力

Saudi Arabia has joined the new international payment system project mBridge, a step closer to the end of the petrodollar and bitcoin…

沙特阿拉伯加入新的国际支付系统项目mBridge，距离石油美元和比特币的终结又近了一步……

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and the central banks of China, Hong Kong, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates have been working on the mBridge project for over three years.

国际清算银行 (BIS) 以及中国、香港、泰国和阿拉伯联合酋长国的中央银行已经就 mBridge 项目开展了三年多的工作。

It is an international payment system using central bank digital currencies (CBDC). China is the chief architect of this project which could rival the SWIFT network.

它是使用中央银行数字货币（CBDC）的国际支付系统。中国是这个可以与SWIFT网络相媲美的项目的总设计师。

At its core is a blockchain enabling instant cross-border payments via so-called atomic payments as well as foreign exchange operations.

其核心是区块链，可通过所谓的原子支付以及外汇操作实现即时跨境支付。

The term atomic simply means that, similar to bitcoin, the payments are irreversible. They do not depend on a financial maze that can take several days to confirm a payment. Either the payment is instantaneous, or it does not happen.

原子一词的意思是，与比特币类似，支付是不可逆转的。他们不依赖于可能需要几天时间才能确认付款的财务迷宫。付款要么是即时的，要么不会发生。

Transactions are conducted through the “HotStuff” consensus mechanism. This same mechanism was to be used by Facebook’s Libra project and is used by Ethereum for its Staking protocol. It is essentially an alternative to Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work mechanism. The Dashing protocol is also under consideration.

交易通过“HotStuff”共识机制进行。 Facebook 的 Libra 项目使用了相同的机制，以太坊也将其用于 Stake 协议。它本质上是比特币工作量证明机制的替代方案。 Dashing 协议也在考虑之中。

MBridge recently reached a significant milestone with the completion of its prototype and Saudi Arabia’s decision to join the project. According to BIS, the four central banks each deployed a validation node, and a few commercial banks have already conducted test transactions. The Chinese giant Tencent has been involved since September 2023. The firm participates in validating use cases for cross-border payments as well as in the development of the platform.

随着原型的完成以及沙特阿拉伯决定加入该项目，Mbridge 最近达到了一个重要的里程碑。据BIS称，四家央行各自部署了一个验证节点，一些商业银行已经进行了测试交易。中国巨头腾讯自 2023 年 9 月以来一直参与其中。该公司参与跨境支付用例的验证以及平台的开发。

The kingdom’s integration into the BRICS club is far from trivial. Member countries are clearly expressing their intention to purge the dollar from their exchanges. The arrival of the Saudis could mean that Saudi oil exports to China could one day be conducted via the mBridge blockchain, in yuan.

沙特融入金砖国家俱乐部绝非易事。成员国明确表示打算将美元从其交易所中剔除。沙特人的到来可能意味着有一天沙特向中国的石油出口可以通过 mBridge 区块链以人民币进行。

Let’s recall that Chinese President Xi Jinping called in November 2022 from Riyadh for Gulf countries to accept the Chinese yuan in payment. Another unmistakable sign is that the central banks of both countries recently signed a currency swap agreement worth 50 billion yuan ($7 billion) in November 2023.

让我们回想一下，中国国家主席习近平于 2022 年 11 月从利雅得呼吁海湾国家接受人民币付款。另一个明显的迹象是，两国央行最近于 2023 年 11 月签署了价值 500 亿元人民币（70 亿美元）的货币互换协议。

But who knows what the United States might decide to do if the petrodollar is abandoned? Is it a coincidence that the American TV channel CBS has just resurrected accusations of Saudi government complicity in the September 11, 2001 attacks? Is it also a coincidence that the Saudi Defense Minister visited China this week?

但谁知道如果放弃石油美元美国会决定做什么呢？美国电视频道 CBS 刚刚重新指控沙特政府参与了 2001 年 9 月 11 日的袭击事件，这难道是巧合吗？沙特国防部长本周访华也是巧合吗？

The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates and the People’s Bank of China also signed an agreement to renew a currency swap to enhance cooperation in the development of central bank digital currencies.

阿联酋中央银行与中国人民银行还签署了续签货币互换协议，以加强央行数字货币开发合作。

These maneuvers must be viewed in parallel with Vladimir Putin’s statements at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum:

这些策略必须与弗拉基米尔·普京在圣彼得堡经济论坛上的声明同时看待：

“The BRICS countries are working on their own payment system, free from political pressures, abuses… and external interference.”

“金砖国家正在开发自己的支付系统，不受政治压力、滥用……和外部干涉。”

It is highly likely that the Russian president is referring to mBridge here. The Russian central bank already has its own CBDC.

俄罗斯总统很可能在这里指的是mBridge。俄罗斯央行已经拥有自己的 CBDC。

Will the mBridge payment system support the dollar? For now, the dollar does not exist in CBDC form. Donald Trump, moreover, has stated that there will be no CBDC if he is elected.

mBridge支付系统支持美元吗？目前，美元尚不以 CBDC 形式存在。此外，唐纳德·特朗普表示，如果他当选，将不会有 CBDC。

However, here is what we can read on the website of the American central bank:

然而，我们可以在美国中央银行的网站上看到以下内容：

“Although the Federal Reserve has made no decision on whether to issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC), we have been exploring the potential benefits and risks of CBDCs from various angles, including through technological research and experimentation.”

“尽管美联储尚未决定是否发行央行数字货币（CBDC），但我们一直在从各个角度探索CBDC的潜在好处和风险，包括通过技术研究和实验。”

Furthermore, it should be noted that the BIS – which oversees the mBridge project – is an institution with Western allegiance based in Switzerland. Not to mention that the IMF, ECB, and New York Fed are among the “observer members”.

此外，应该指出的是，负责监督 mBridge 项目的国际清算银行是一家总部位于瑞士、受西方效忠的机构。更不用说国际货币基金组织、欧洲央行和纽约联储都是“观察员成员”。

Christine Lagarde stated on June 24 that the ECB has made “significant progress to be ready to issue a digital euro, if necessary”.

克里斯蒂娜·拉加德 (Christine Lagarde) 6 月 24 日表示，欧洲央行“在必要时准备发行数字欧元方面已取得重大进展”。

Finally, all this must be placed in the context of political tensions that unfortunately remain vivid. An escalation of sanctions could lead to the disconnection of other countries from the SWIFT network and further freezing of foreign exchange reserves. The mBridge network could then become a fallback option.

最后，所有这一切都必须放在政治紧张局势的背景下，不幸的是，这种紧张局势仍然很明显。制裁升级可能导致其他国家与 SWIFT 网络断开并进一步冻结外汇储备。 mBridge 网络可能会成为后备选项。

The fallback plan that has proven itself for over 15 years is obviously bitcoin…

15 年来证明自己的后备计划显然是比特币……

Bitcoin is both a currency and a payment network, two-in-one. It is also a neutral and stateless store of value. No nation can use it as a geopolitical weapon.

比特币既是一种货币，又是一种支付网络，二合一。它也是一种中立且无状态的价值储存手段。任何国家都不能将其用作地缘政治武器。

Here is the opinion of Michael Saylor on the subject:

以下是迈克尔·塞勒 (Michael Saylor) 对这个问题的看法：

“The global banking system is linked to a fiat asset, the dollar, which is collapsing by 7 to 10% per year and is overseen by the Fed. That doesn’t mean banks are bad in themselves. The problem is we have a single toxic asset [the dollar]. An asset that is fragile because it is centralized. Imagine a world where 50,000 banks use bitcoin with P2P settlements with each other

“全球银行体系与法定资产美元挂钩，美元每年贬值 7% 至 10%，并受到美联储的监管。这并不意味着银行本身就不好。问题是我们只有一种有毒资产[美元]。资产由于中心化而脆弱。想象一个世界，50,000 家银行使用比特币进行 P2P 相互结算