伊拉克暂停人民币交易

什么时候会是比特币？我们今年早些时候报道说，伊拉克不再希望以美元出售石油，而是以人民币出售。

Iraq, which had expressed its desire to sell its oil in currencies other than the dollar, has been ordered by the American Federal Reserve to cease its transactions in Chinese yuans. According to Mr. Al-Kadhimi, a member of the parliamentary finance committee, the Fed cited “divergences and specific problems related to transactions.”

伊拉克曾表示希望以美元以外的货币出售石油，但已被美联储命令停止以人民币进行交易。议会财务委员会成员卡迪米表示，美联储提到了“与交易相关的分歧和具体问题”。

To put it more transparently, the United States wants to prevent Iraq from trading with its Iranian and Syrian neighbors, two nations under embargo due to their defiance of Israel.

更透明地说，美国希望阻止伊拉克与其邻国伊朗和叙利亚进行贸易，这两个国家因蔑视以色列而受到禁运。

This decision comes after the Iraqi Parliament’s finance committee called on January 31 to sell oil in currencies other than the dollar. The aim was to bypass repetitive American sanctions against Iraqi banks.

这一决定是在伊拉克议会财务委员会于 1 月 31 日呼吁以美元以外的货币出售石油之后作出的。目的是绕过美国对伊拉克银行的反复制裁。

“The U.S. Treasury always uses the pretext of money laundering to impose sanctions on Iraqi banks. We need a national agreement to end these arbitrary decisions”, said the statement.

“美国财政部总是以洗钱为借口对伊拉克银行实施制裁。我们需要一项全国性协议来结束这些任意决定”，声明说。

The finance committee reiterated its “call to the government and the Central Bank of Iraq to quickly take measures against dollar dependence by diversifying foreign exchange reserves”.

金融委员会重申“呼吁伊拉克政府和中央银行迅速采取措施，通过外汇储备多元化来应对美元依赖”。

This is reminiscent of 2001, when Saddam Hussein decided to sell his oil exclusively in euros rather than dollars. Hence, by the way, the French opposition to the second Gulf War. At that time, that is, only two years after Saddam Hussein’s decision, the Americans invaded Iraq under a false pretext to save the petrodollar.

这让人想起2001年，当时萨达姆侯赛因决定只用欧元而不是美元出售石油。因此，顺便说一下，法国反对第二次海湾战争。当时，也就是萨达姆做出决定仅仅两年后，美国人就以拯救石油美元为借口入侵伊拉克。

Iraqi oil was again denominated in dollars immediately after the capture of Baghdad. For more than 20 years now, the central bank of the conquered country has been regularly forbidden to use its large dollar reserves.

占领巴格达后，伊拉克石油立即再次以美元计价。二十多年来，被征服国家的中央银行经常被禁止动用其巨额美元储备。

Iraqi banks must go through the SWIFT network which requires final authorization from the Fed. The latter can block any payment from the Iraqi central bank and does not hesitate to do so.

伊拉克银行必须通过SWIFT网络，这需要美联储的最终授权。后者可以阻止伊拉克央行的任何付款，并且会毫不犹豫地这样做。

In short, Iraq is in the same situation as Iran and Russia. Its dollar foreign reserves are partially frozen and its transactions via the SWIFT network depend on Washington’s goodwill.

简而言之，伊拉克的处境与伊朗、俄罗斯是一样的。其美元外汇储备被部分冻结，其通过SWIFT网络的交易取决于华盛顿的善意。

It is therefore evident that the country of the two rivers would do well to join the BRICS. The deputies favoring such an approach belong to the Shia Coordination Framework. This is an alliance of parties supported by Iran, forming the backbone of the current government. The idea is also gaining traction among other political forces.

因此，显然，两河流域国家加入金砖国家是有利的。支持这种方法的代表属于什叶派协调框架。这是伊朗支持的政党联盟，构成了本届政府的支柱。这个想法也受到其他政治力量的关注。

Zeinab Al-Mousawi, a member of the parliamentary oil and energy committee, declared at the end of last year that joining the BRICS should be a national priority.

议会石油和能源委员会成员泽纳布·穆萨维去年年底宣布，加入金砖国家应成为国家优先事项。

Such integration “could limit the dominance of the U.S. dollar. We could free ourselves from financial and commercial restrictions imposed by Washington”, she said.

这种一体化“可能会限制美元的主导地位。我们可以摆脱华盛顿施加的金融和商业限制”，她说。

Indeed, moving away from the dollar and the SWIFT network is also the priority of the BRICS. The Deputy Speaker of the Duma Alexander Babakov reiterated this again this week. “The priority of the BRICS financial agenda is to create our own financial messaging system similar to SWIFT”, he told the TASS agency.

事实上，摆脱美元和 SWIFT 网络也是金砖国家的首要任务。杜马副议长亚历山大·巴巴科夫本周再次重申了这一点。他告诉塔斯社：“金砖国家金融议程的首要任务是创建我们自己的类似于 SWIFT 的金融信息系统。”

The Russian Ambassador to China Igor Morgulov said the same thing at the beginning of July. “We are leaving the dollar-dominated space and developing the mechanism and tools for a truly independent financial system”, he asserted.

俄罗斯驻华大使莫尔古洛夫7月初也说过同样的话。他断言：“我们正在离开美元主导的领域，并为真正独立的金融体系开发机制和工具。”

However, Mr. Morgulov admitted that the introduction of a new common currency was not imminent. However, he stressed that the BRICS – which now include Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Ethiopia, Iran, and Egypt – “are moving in this direction”.

然而，莫尔古洛夫先生承认，新的共同货币的推出并不是迫在眉睫的。不过，他强调金砖国家——现在包括巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和埃及——“正在朝这个方向前进”。

Russia already has an alternative to the SWIFT network. The Russian SPFS interbank messaging system ensures the secure transfer of financial messages to partner foreign banks. China also has a similar network called CIPS which it uses for international yuan transactions.

俄罗斯已经有了 SWIFT 网络的替代方案。俄罗斯 SPFS 银行间报文系统可确保金融报文安全传输至外国合作银行。中国也有一个名为 CIPS 的类似网络，用于国际人民币交易。

Overall, the BRICS are increasingly using their national currencies and seeking to avoid the SWIFT network. The share of payments in national currencies between Russia and BRICS countries has risen to 85%, compared to 26% two years ago.

总体而言，金砖国家越来越多地使用本国货币，并寻求避开 SWIFT 网络。俄罗斯与金砖国家之间以本国货币支付的份额已上升至85%，而两年前为26%。

Last month, Russian Deputy Finance Minister Ivan Chebeskov said that Russia was working on an international payments system in collaboration with the central banks of BRICS member states. The senior official mentioned the term “BRICS Bridge platform”.

上个月，俄罗斯财政部副部长伊万·切别斯科夫表示，俄罗斯正在与金砖国家央行合作开发国际支付系统。这位高级官员提到了“金砖国家桥梁平台”一词。

This is reminiscent of the “mBridge” project led by China under the aegis of the Bank for International Settlements. Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov also clarified that the BRICS “Bridge” will operate with central bank digital currencies, just like mBridge.

这让人想起中国在国际清算银行支持下主导的“mBridge”项目。俄罗斯财政部长安东·西卢阿诺夫也澄清，金砖国家“桥梁”将与央行数字货币一起运作，就像mBridge一样。

On this topic, don’t miss our article: Bitcoin and CBDCs, Russia wants both.

关于这个主题，不要错过我们的文章：比特币和 CBDC，俄罗斯两者都想要。

Unfortunately, trading in national currencies has its limits, whether CBDCs are involved or not. For instance, Russia eventually refused to accept rupees as payment because India has nothing to sell that interests the Russian market.

不幸的是，无论是否涉及 CBDC，本国货币交易都有其局限性。例如，俄罗斯最终拒绝接受卢比作为付款方式，因为印度没有什么可以出售的东西可以吸引俄罗斯市场。

And why not Bitcoin?

为什么不是比特币呢？

The world needs a universally accepted standard currency due to its intrinsic qualities. Gold played this role for a long time before the United States betrayed the entire world by reneging on the Bretton Woods agreements signed at the end of World War II.

由于其内在品质，世界需要一种普遍接受的标准货币。在美国背弃二战结束时签署的布雷顿森林协议而背叛整个世界之前，黄金已经扮演了很长一段时间的角色。

Since then, all nations trade in dollars, a gun to

从那时起，所有国家都以美元进行贸易，这把枪