互联网计算机协议 (ICP) 引入验证凭证 (VC) 以防止机器人操纵社交媒体

互联网计算机协议 (ICP) 是一种去中心化的区块链网络，它通过克服传统区块链和智能合约的限制来扩展 Web3 的功能，并推出了验证凭证 (VC)，这是一种无钱包解决方案，可实现高效、值得信赖的个人数据共享，同时维护隐私和控制。

Internet Computer Protocol (ICP), a Layer 1 blockchain that extends the functionality of Web3, has introduced Verified Credentials (VCs), a walletless solution that enables efficient and trustworthy sharing of personal data while maintaining privacy and control.

互联网计算机协议 (ICP) 是扩展 Web3 功能的第 1 层区块链，它引入了验证凭证 (VC)，这是一种无钱包解决方案，可实现高效且值得信赖的个人数据共享，同时保持隐私和控制。

VCs were officially unveiled at the Digital Identity unConference Europe (DICE) 2024 in Zurich, Switzerland. They also bring with them the first application designed to prevent the manipulation of public discourse on social media by eliminating the problem of bots and fake accounts, a crucial mission given that nearly half the global population is set to vote in national elections in 2024.

VC 在瑞士苏黎世举行的 2024 年欧洲数字身份会议 (DICE) 上正式亮相。他们还带来了第一个应用程序，旨在通过消除机器人和虚假账户问题来防止社交媒体上公众言论的操纵，鉴于全球近一半人口将在 2024 年的全国选举中投票，这是一项至关重要的任务。

Today, for most users, their wallets such as Metamask, work as their universal Web3 identity. With VCs, ICP offers a walletless infrastructure and tooling to issue, share, and consume credentials in a privacy-preserving fashion.

如今，对于大多数用户来说，他们的钱包（例如 Metamask）充当了他们的通用 Web3 身份。通过 VC，ICP 提供了无钱包基础设施和工具，以保护隐私的方式发布、共享和使用凭证。

VCs, described in ICP’s latest Roadmap as one of the key focus areas, are built on top of the Internet Identity (II), a decentralized identity solution running end-to-end on the Internet Computer blockchain. Internet Identity provides a robust authentication solution based on passkeys rather than passwords or seed phrases. Passkeys are built on a standardized technology that offers protection against phishing attacks. This makes Internet Identity both more convenient and secure than traditional sign-in methods.

VC 在 ICP 最新的路线图中被描述为关键重点领域之一，它建立在互联网身份 (II) 之上，互联网身份是一种在互联网计算机区块链上端到端运行的去中心化身份解决方案。互联网身份提供了基于密钥而不是密码或种子短语的强大身份验证解决方案。万能密钥基于标准化技术构建，可提供针对网络钓鱼攻击的保护。这使得互联网身份比传统登录方法更加方便和安全。

Verifiable credentials are digital representations of data (qualifications, achievements, or attributes) that are cryptographically secured and portable. A VC is a digital version of a physical credential that the holder can quickly share online with service providers needing to verify a claim, such as age or humanity. The VC is tied to a user through a digital identity provider like Internet Identity.

可验证的凭证是数据（资格、成就或属性）的数字表示形式，具有加密保护和可移植性。 VC 是物理凭证的数字版本，持有者可以与需要验证年龄或人性等声明的服务提供商快速在线共享。 VC 通过 Internet Identity 等数字身份提供商与用户绑定。

“The new Verifiable Credentials feature of Internet Identity addresses long standing problems for online privacy-preserving authentication: all a user needs is a computing device that has a passkey (all recent ones do) and a browser,” said Jan Camenisch, CTO of the DFINITY Foundation. “Apart from dApps on the Internet Computer, traditional systems can also plug in with Internet Identity and allow users to authenticate with Verifiable Credentials, e.g., proving that they are a real person, that they did KYC, or that they are over 18.”

“互联网身份的新的可验证凭证功能解决了在线隐私保护身份验证中长期存在的问题：用户所需要的只是一个具有密钥（所有最近的密钥都具有）和浏览器的计算设备，”首席技术官 Jan Camenisch 说道。 DFINITY 基金会。 “除了互联网计算机上的 dApp 之外，传统系统还可以插入互联网身份并允许用户使用可验证凭证进行身份验证，例如证明他们是真实的人，他们进行了 KYC，或者他们已超过 18 岁。”

Until now, users authenticating with Internet Identity to a dApp were assigned a unique and pseudonymous identifier for each dApp without any additional attributes such as name, age, or residency. The Verified Credentials framework allows users to assign identity attributes to their Internet Identity.

到目前为止，使用互联网身份对 dApp 进行身份验证的用户会为每个 dApp 分配一个唯一的假名标识符，而无需任何其他属性，例如姓名、年龄或居住地。验证凭证框架允许用户为其互联网身份分配身份属性。

The user can easily manage and reuse the credential without dApps being able to tie it back to them. VCs put users in control of who they share their credentials with and how much information they want to divulge. For instance, a user can verify their age without revealing their name or date of birth, a feature called selective disclosure.

用户可以轻松管理和重用凭证，而 dApp 无法将其绑定到用户身上。风险投资公司让用户可以控制他们与谁分享他们的凭证以及他们想要透露多少信息。例如，用户可以在不透露姓名或出生日期的情况下验证自己的年龄，这一功能称为选择性披露。

When end-users authenticate to an application, Internet Identity creates their unique identifier for that service. This way, different applications cannot track users as they explore the web.

当最终用户对应用程序进行身份验证时，Internet Identity 会为该服务创建唯一的标识符。这样，不同的应用程序就无法在用户浏览网络时跟踪他们。

Moreover, the Verified Credentials framework solves the problem of dApp interoperability in a privacy-preserving fashion. Internet Identity (II) acts as the trusted intermediary between a Relying Party and an Issuer, using an alias to share credentials instead of the user’s real principal.

此外，验证凭证框架以保护隐私的方式解决了 dApp 互操作性问题。互联网身份 (II) 充当依赖方和发行者之间的可信中介，使用别名而不是用户的真实主体来共享凭证。

Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH)

独特人性证明（PoUH）

One of the first applications of Verified Credentials in the ICP ecosystem is the Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH), implemented by the decentralized on-chain messaging app OpenChat and developed by Decide AI. The identity issuer links a credential to biometric data such as facial, finger or palm print recognition, requiring users to prove that they are human and possess only one account on a platform.

ICP 生态系统中验证凭证的首批应用之一是独特人性证明 (PoUH)，由去中心化链上消息应用程序 OpenChat 实施并由 Decide AI 开发。身份发行者将凭证与面部、指纹或掌纹识别等生物特征数据联系起来，要求用户证明自己是人类，并且在平台上只拥有一个帐户。

Users anonymously using multiple accounts and bots has long been considered an issue that not only contributes to the amount of illicit behavior conducted online, but also underpins the level of toxic discourse prevalent on traditional social media platforms.

用户匿名使用多个帐户和机器人长期以来一直被认为是一个问题，它不仅导致网上非法行为的增加，而且还加剧了传统社交媒体平台上盛行的有毒言论的水平。

A report published at the end of 2023 by Queensland University of Technology showed that the spread of disinformation by bots is getting worse. Researchers identified a network of 1,200 automated X (formerly Twitter) accounts promoting the conspiracy theory that Trump beat current President Joe Biden in the 2020 election, which attracted over three million impressions. They also discovered a separate network of 1,300 accounts broken into clusters circulating pro-Trump messages, including misleading news items.

昆士兰科技大学 2023 年底发布的一份报告显示，机器人传播虚假信息的情况越来越严重。研究人员发现了一个由 1,200 个自动化 X（以前称为 Twitter）帐户组成的网络，这些帐户宣扬特朗普在 2020 年大选中击败现任总统乔·拜登的阴谋论，该网络吸引了超过 300 万次浏览。他们还发现了一个由 1,300 个账户组成的独立网络，这些账户被分成集群，传播支持特朗普的信息，包括误导性新闻。

Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH) will help combat the activity of bots and foster more virtuous discourse on social media. The problem with the existing Proof of humanity is that it is easy to manipulate. Users or bots can solve all sorts of proof of humanity tests and do it a hundred times over to get a hundred accounts.

独特人性证明（PoUH）将有助于打击机器人的活动，并在社交媒体上培养更多良性的话语。现有的人性证明的问题在于它很容易被操纵。用户或机器人可以解决各种人性测试证明，并进行一百次以获得一百个帐户。

On the other hand, Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH) prevents people from piloting multiple online accounts by linking a credential to the biometric data. It eliminates the risk of a user creating hundreds of social media accounts, or taking advantage of token farming or air

另一方面，独特人性证明 (PoUH) 通过将凭证与生物识别数据关联起来，防止人们尝试使用多个在线帐户。它消除了用户创建数百个社交媒体帐户或利用代币耕种或空气的风险