互聯網電腦協議 (ICP) 引入驗證憑證 (VC) 以防止機器人操縱社交媒體

互聯網電腦協定(ICP) 是一種去中心化的區塊鏈網絡，它透過克服傳統區塊鏈和智能合約的限制來擴展Web3 的功能，並推出了驗證憑證(VC)，這是一種無錢包解決方案，可實現高效、值得信賴的個人資料共享，同時維護隱私和控制。

Internet Computer Protocol (ICP), a Layer 1 blockchain that extends the functionality of Web3, has introduced Verified Credentials (VCs), a walletless solution that enables efficient and trustworthy sharing of personal data while maintaining privacy and control.

網路電腦協定(ICP) 是擴展Web3 功能的第1 層區塊鏈，它引入了驗證憑證(VC)，這是一種無錢包解決方案，可實現高效且值得信賴的個人資料共享，同時保持隱私和控制。

VCs were officially unveiled at the Digital Identity unConference Europe (DICE) 2024 in Zurich, Switzerland. They also bring with them the first application designed to prevent the manipulation of public discourse on social media by eliminating the problem of bots and fake accounts, a crucial mission given that nearly half the global population is set to vote in national elections in 2024.

VC 在瑞士蘇黎世舉行的 2024 年歐洲數位身分會議 (DICE) 上正式亮相。他們還帶來了第一個應用程序，旨在透過消除機器人和虛假帳戶問題來防止社交媒體上公眾言論的操縱，鑑於全球近一半人口將在2024 年的全國選舉中投票，這是一項至關重要的任務。

Today, for most users, their wallets such as Metamask, work as their universal Web3 identity. With VCs, ICP offers a walletless infrastructure and tooling to issue, share, and consume credentials in a privacy-preserving fashion.

如今，對於大多數用戶來說，他們的錢包（例如 Metamask）充當了他們的通用 Web3 身分。透過 VC，ICP 提供了無錢包基礎設施和工具，以保護隱私的方式發布、共享和使用憑證。

VCs, described in ICP’s latest Roadmap as one of the key focus areas, are built on top of the Internet Identity (II), a decentralized identity solution running end-to-end on the Internet Computer blockchain. Internet Identity provides a robust authentication solution based on passkeys rather than passwords or seed phrases. Passkeys are built on a standardized technology that offers protection against phishing attacks. This makes Internet Identity both more convenient and secure than traditional sign-in methods.

VC 在 ICP 最新的路線圖中被描述為重點關注領域之一，建立在互聯網身份 (II) 之上，互聯網身份是一種在互聯網電腦區塊鏈上端到端運行的去中心化身份解決方案。網路身分提供了基於金鑰而不是密碼或種子短語的強大身分驗證解決方案。萬能密鑰基於標準化技術構建，可提供網路釣魚攻擊的保護。這使得網路身分比傳統登入方法更方便和安全。

Verifiable credentials are digital representations of data (qualifications, achievements, or attributes) that are cryptographically secured and portable. A VC is a digital version of a physical credential that the holder can quickly share online with service providers needing to verify a claim, such as age or humanity. The VC is tied to a user through a digital identity provider like Internet Identity.

可驗證的憑證是資料（資格、成就或屬性）的數位表示形式，具有加密保護和可攜性。 VC 是實體憑證的數位版本，持有者可以與需要驗證年齡或人性等聲明的服務提供者快速在線共享。 VC 透過 Internet Identity 等數位身分提供者與使用者綁定。

“The new Verifiable Credentials feature of Internet Identity addresses long standing problems for online privacy-preserving authentication: all a user needs is a computing device that has a passkey (all recent ones do) and a browser,” said Jan Camenisch, CTO of the DFINITY Foundation. “Apart from dApps on the Internet Computer, traditional systems can also plug in with Internet Identity and allow users to authenticate with Verifiable Credentials, e.g., proving that they are a real person, that they did KYC, or that they are over 18.”

「網路身分的新的可驗證憑證功能解決了線上隱私保護身分驗證中長期存在的問題：使用者所需要的只是一個具有金鑰（所有最近的金鑰都具有）和瀏覽器的計算設備，」首席技術長Jan Camenisch 說。 「除了網路電腦上的 dApp 之外，傳統系統還可以插入網路身份並允許用戶使用可驗證憑證進行身份驗證，例如證明他們是真實的人，他們進行了 KYC，或者他們已超過 18 歲。”

Until now, users authenticating with Internet Identity to a dApp were assigned a unique and pseudonymous identifier for each dApp without any additional attributes such as name, age, or residency. The Verified Credentials framework allows users to assign identity attributes to their Internet Identity.

到目前為止，使用網路身分對 dApp 進行身份驗證的使用者都會為每個 dApp 分配一個唯一的假名標識符，而無需任何其他屬性，例如姓名、年齡或居住地。驗證憑證框架允許使用者為其網際網路身分指派身分屬性。

The user can easily manage and reuse the credential without dApps being able to tie it back to them. VCs put users in control of who they share their credentials with and how much information they want to divulge. For instance, a user can verify their age without revealing their name or date of birth, a feature called selective disclosure.

使用者可以輕鬆管理和重複使用憑證，而 dApp 無法將其綁定到使用者身上。創投公司讓用戶可以控制他們與誰分享他們的憑證以及他們想要透露多少資訊。例如，使用者可以在不透露姓名或出生日期的情況下驗證自己的年齡，這項功能稱為選擇性揭露。

When end-users authenticate to an application, Internet Identity creates their unique identifier for that service. This way, different applications cannot track users as they explore the web.

當最終使用者對應用程式進行身份驗證時，Internet Identity 會為該服務建立唯一的識別碼。這樣，不同的應用程式就無法在用戶瀏覽網路時追蹤他們。

Moreover, the Verified Credentials framework solves the problem of dApp interoperability in a privacy-preserving fashion. Internet Identity (II) acts as the trusted intermediary between a Relying Party and an Issuer, using an alias to share credentials instead of the user’s real principal.

此外，驗證憑證框架以保護隱私的方式解決了 dApp 互通性問題。網路身分 (II) 充當依賴方和發行者之間的可信任中介，使用別名而不是使用者的真實主體來共享憑證。

Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH)

獨特人性證明（PoUH）

One of the first applications of Verified Credentials in the ICP ecosystem is the Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH), implemented by the decentralized on-chain messaging app OpenChat and developed by Decide AI. The identity issuer links a credential to biometric data such as facial, finger or palm print recognition, requiring users to prove that they are human and possess only one account on a platform.

ICP 生態系統中驗證憑證的首批應用之一是獨特人性證明 (PoUH)，由去中心化鏈上訊息應用程式 OpenChat 實施並由 Decide AI 開發。身分發行者將憑證與臉部、指紋或掌紋辨識等生物特徵資料連結起來，要求使用者證明自己是人類，並且在平台上只擁有一個帳戶。

Users anonymously using multiple accounts and bots has long been considered an issue that not only contributes to the amount of illicit behavior conducted online, but also underpins the level of toxic discourse prevalent on traditional social media platforms.

用戶匿名使用多個帳戶和機器人長期以來一直被認為是一個問題，它不僅導致網路非法行為的增加，而且還加劇了傳統社交媒體平台上盛行的有毒言論的水平。

A report published at the end of 2023 by Queensland University of Technology showed that the spread of disinformation by bots is getting worse. Researchers identified a network of 1,200 automated X (formerly Twitter) accounts promoting the conspiracy theory that Trump beat current President Joe Biden in the 2020 election, which attracted over three million impressions. They also discovered a separate network of 1,300 accounts broken into clusters circulating pro-Trump messages, including misleading news items.

昆士蘭科技大學 2023 年底發布的報告顯示，機器人散播假訊息的情況越來越嚴重。研究人員發現了一個由1,200 個自動化X（以前稱為Twitter）帳戶組成的網絡，這些帳戶宣揚川普在2020 年大選中擊敗現任總統拜登的陰謀論，該網絡吸引了超過300 萬次瀏覽。他們還發現了一個由 1,300 個帳戶組成的獨立網絡，這些帳戶被分成集群，傳播支持川普的訊息，包括誤導性新聞。

Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH) will help combat the activity of bots and foster more virtuous discourse on social media. The problem with the existing Proof of humanity is that it is easy to manipulate. Users or bots can solve all sorts of proof of humanity tests and do it a hundred times over to get a hundred accounts.

獨特人性證明（PoUH）將有助於打擊機器人的活動，並在社群媒體上培養更多良性的話語。現有的人性證明的問題在於它很容易被操縱。使用者或機器人可以解決各種人性測試證明，並進行一百次以獲得一百個帳戶。

On the other hand, Proof of Unique Humanity (PoUH) prevents people from piloting multiple online accounts by linking a credential to the biometric data. It eliminates the risk of a user creating hundreds of social media accounts, or taking advantage of token farming or air

另一方面，獨特人性證明 (PoUH) 透過將憑證與生物識別資料相關聯來防止人們嘗試使用多個線上帳戶。它消除了用戶創建數百個社交媒體帳戶或利用代幣耕種或空氣的風險