下一代原子交换可以“重新定义比特币上的NFT令牌”，并启用许多与Defi相关的用例

NCHAIN研究总监Wei Zhang说，下一代原子互换可以“重新定义比特币上的NFT令牌”，并使许多与Defi相关的用例都可以。

nChain Research Director Wei Zhang has outlined a technique that could “redefine NFT tokens on Bitcoin” and enable many DeFi-related use cases.In a blog post published this week, detailing the process, an asset’s ownership history is recorded using linked chains of transactions with Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs).

NCHAIN研究总监Wei Zhang概述了一种可以“重新定义比特币上的NFT令牌”的技术，并启用许多与Defi相关的用例。具有零知识证明（ZKP）。

The technique was demonstrated by Zhang and his nChain colleague Federico Barbacovi on the BSV TestNet. They are inviting any potential collaborators or partners to examine its findings once they publish the code.

张和他的NCHAIN同事Federico Barbacovi在BSV Testnet上证明了这一技术。他们邀请任何潜在的合作者或合作伙伴在发布代码后检查其发现。

“We invite interested parties to examine our findings once we publish the code (and any potential collaborators or partners to work with us on this topic),” wrote Zhang.

张写道：“我们邀请感兴趣的各方在发布代码（以及任何潜在的合作者或合作伙伴以与我们一起就此主题合作）来检查我们的发现。”

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and NFT trading are seen as the primary use case, with atomic swaps that are “lightning fast and entirely trustless” thanks to the efficient use of Recursive Groth16 ZKPs.

由于有效利用了递归递归的Groth16 ZKPS，因此无原来的令牌（NFTS）和NFT交易被视为主要用例，其原子交换“快速且完全无信任”。

“This technique will work on any UTXO-based blockchain (even BTC), but processing the verification transactions is only economically feasible on the BSV blockchain,” added Zhang.

Zhang补充说：“该技术将在任何基于UTXO的区块链（甚至BTC）上使用，但是处理验证交易仅在BSV区块链上经济可行。”

The technique is based on an academic research paper titled “NFT Trades in Bitcoin with Off-chain Receipts” and authored by Mehmet Sabir Kiraz, Enrique Larraia, and Dr. Owen Vaughan.

该技术基于一份学术研究论文，标题为“带有链链收据的NFT交易”，由Mehmet Sabir Kiraz，Enrique Larraia和Owen Vaughan博士撰写。

The technique introduces the concept of transaction chains that start with an issuance (or “genesis”) transaction, i.e. the one where a token is created. Other transactions that follow are trade transactions, each being a final settlement but maintaining unique links to the ones preceding it.

该技术介绍了从发行（或“创世记”）交易开始的交易链的概念，即创建令牌的交易。接下来的其他交易是贸易交易，每项交易是最终解决的，但保持着与之前的交易的独特联系。

The paper’s abstract says:

本文的摘要说：

“Marketplaces typically require some degree of token ownership delegation, e.g., escrow accounts, to execute the trade between sellers and buyers that are not online concurrently, and to alleviate transaction fees they resort to off-chain trades. This raises concerns on the transparency and purportedly honest behaviour of marketplaces.”

“市场通常需要一定程度的令牌所有权代表团，例如托管帐户，以执行不同时在线的卖方和买家之间的贸易，并减轻他们诉诸于链贸易的交易费用。这引起了人们对市场的透明度和诚实行为的关注。”

Groth16 Recursive zkSNARKs are used to create a type of Proof-Carrying Data (PCD) that can prove a computation is correct across multiple transactions. The zero-knowledge proofs function as “off-chain receipts” of ownership and can be transferred even on an insecure channel. Importantly, these receipts are small in size and can be updated by anyone at any time without growing in (data) size as an asset is traded multiple times.

GROTH16递归ZKSNARKS用于创建一种类型的携带证明数据（PCD），可以证明可以证明计算在多个交易中是正确的。零知识证明的作用是所有权的“离链收据”，甚至可以在不安全的渠道上转移。重要的是，这些收据的大小很小，任何时候可以随时更新任何人，而不会增加（数据）大小，因为资产是多次交易的。

nChain makes ZKPs more efficient“Despite recent industry voices such as Vitalik’s recent post urging a move away from Groth16, we believe its unparalleled proof compactness and efficiency in verification makes it indispensable for blockchain use cases,” wrote Zhang.

NCHAIN使ZKPS更加有效。“尽管最近的行业声音，例如Vitalik最近的帖子敦促远离Groth16，但我们认为其无与伦比的证明紧凑性和验证效率使区块链用例的验证中的效率无可或缺，” Zhang写道。

DeFi trading tends to happen mostly on blockchains built with smart contracts in mind, such as Ethereum. Ethereum works with an account-based model rather than a UTXO-based one like Bitcoin, so it’s often seen as more appropriate for the task—though, like every other application on Ethereum, it’s hampered by that network’s poor scalability and high fees.

Defi交易往往主要发生在用智能合约（例如以太坊）构建的区块链上。以太坊可与基于帐户的模型一起使用，而不是基于UTXO的模型，例如比特币，因此通常认为它更适合任务 - 尽管像以太坊上的所有其他应用程序一样，它受到该网络的可扩展性和高费用的障碍。

Chaining/linking transactions on UTXO-based blockchains makes it possible to maintain a state as long as there’s a way to identify the previous transactions and prove the computation performed at each step was valid.

只要有一种方法来识别先前的交易并证明在每个步骤执行的计算是有效的，就可以维持状态的链接/链接交易可以维持状态。

“Bitcoin, as originally designed, has all the capabilities to implement token logic and other smart contract capabilities that we thought were only possible on Ethereum. We just had to think a bit harder and implement recursive ZKP verification in Script,” wrote Zhang.

“正如最初设计的那样，比特币具有实施令牌逻辑和其他智能合同功能的所有功能，我们认为只有在以太坊上才有可能。我们只需要更努力地思考，并在脚本中实现递归ZKP验证。”张写道。

A sender transferring a token creates a ZKP, which can trace the asset back to the original issuing (Genesis) transaction. This proof can be embedded in an unlocking script based on the receiver’s output. The first transfer “spends” the output from the genesis transaction, and after that, it requires three Bitcoin transactions to transfer ownership (zk-verifier; proof; token-swap).

传输令牌的发件人会创建ZKP，该ZKP可以将资产追溯到原始发行（Genesis）交易。该证明可以根据接收器的输出嵌入到解锁脚本中。第一个转移从创世纪交易中“花费”输出，此后，它需要三个比特币交易才能转移所有权（ZK-Verifier; Proof; procip; token-swap）。

The token-swap transaction is under 330 bytes, while the zk-verifier is 414KB, and the proof is 291KB. Though relatively small, multiple-transaction transfers at those sizes would get expensive on a severely limited blockchain network like BTC. Therefore, only a cheap and scalable UTXO blockchain like BSV would be useful in the real world.

令牌-S-wap事务不到330个字节，而ZK佛教符为414KB，证明为291KB。尽管相对较小，但这些尺寸的多交易转移会在像BTC这样的严重有限的区块链网络上变得昂贵。因此，只有像BSV这样的便宜且可扩展的UTXO区块链在现实世界中才有用。

nChain is still testing the technique and invites developers to look at their work and work with them on possible improvements.

NCHAIN仍在测试该技术，并邀请开发人员研究他们的工作，并与他们合作进行可能的改进。

NFTs and DeFi, in general, have been hot topics in the blockchain world for years now, but as with most other blockchain-based apps, everyone needs a solid, scalable, and affordable foundation to build on. BSV is that blockchain, and nChain is proving once again that it is possible to have speed and efficiency without sacrificing security.

总体而言，NFTS和DEFI多年来一直是区块链世界中的热门话题，但是与大多数其他基于区块链的应用程序一样，每个人都需要坚实，可扩展且负担得起的基础才能建立。 BSV是区块链，Nchain再次证明可以在不牺牲安全性的情况下具有速度和效率。