下一代原子交換可以“重新定義比特幣上的NFT令牌”，並啟用許多與Defi相關的用例

NCHAIN研究總監Wei Zhang說，下一代原子互換可以“重新定義比特幣上的NFT令牌”，並使許多與Defi相關的用例都可以。

nChain Research Director Wei Zhang has outlined a technique that could “redefine NFT tokens on Bitcoin” and enable many DeFi-related use cases.In a blog post published this week, detailing the process, an asset’s ownership history is recorded using linked chains of transactions with Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs).

NCHAIN研究總監Wei Zhang概述了一種可以“重新定義比特幣上的NFT令牌”的技術，並啟用許多與Defi相關的用例。具有零知識證明（ZKP）。

The technique was demonstrated by Zhang and his nChain colleague Federico Barbacovi on the BSV TestNet. They are inviting any potential collaborators or partners to examine its findings once they publish the code.

張和他的NCHAIN同事Federico Barbacovi在BSV Testnet上證明了這一技術。他們邀請任何潛在的合作者或合作夥伴在發布代碼後檢查其發現。

“We invite interested parties to examine our findings once we publish the code (and any potential collaborators or partners to work with us on this topic),” wrote Zhang.

張寫道：“我們邀請感興趣的各方在發布代碼（以及任何潛在的合作者或合作夥伴以與我們一起就此主題合作）來檢查我們的發現。”

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and NFT trading are seen as the primary use case, with atomic swaps that are “lightning fast and entirely trustless” thanks to the efficient use of Recursive Groth16 ZKPs.

由於有效利用了遞歸遞歸的Groth16 ZKPS，因此無原來的令牌（NFTS）和NFT交易被視為主要用例，其原子交換“快速且完全無信任”。

“This technique will work on any UTXO-based blockchain (even BTC), but processing the verification transactions is only economically feasible on the BSV blockchain,” added Zhang.

Zhang補充說：“該技術將在任何基於UTXO的區塊鏈（甚至BTC）上使用，但是處理驗證交易僅在BSV區塊鏈上經濟可行。”

The technique is based on an academic research paper titled “NFT Trades in Bitcoin with Off-chain Receipts” and authored by Mehmet Sabir Kiraz, Enrique Larraia, and Dr. Owen Vaughan.

該技術基於一份學術研究論文，標題為“帶有鍊鍊收據的NFT交易”，由Mehmet Sabir Kiraz，Enrique Larraia和Owen Vaughan博士撰寫。

The technique introduces the concept of transaction chains that start with an issuance (or “genesis”) transaction, i.e. the one where a token is created. Other transactions that follow are trade transactions, each being a final settlement but maintaining unique links to the ones preceding it.

該技術介紹了從發行（或“創世記”）交易開始的交易鏈的概念，即創建令牌的交易。接下來的其他交易是貿易交易，每項交易是最終解決的，但保持著與之前的交易的獨特聯繫。

The paper’s abstract says:

本文的摘要說：

“Marketplaces typically require some degree of token ownership delegation, e.g., escrow accounts, to execute the trade between sellers and buyers that are not online concurrently, and to alleviate transaction fees they resort to off-chain trades. This raises concerns on the transparency and purportedly honest behaviour of marketplaces.”

“市場通常需要一定程度的令牌所有權代表團，例如託管帳戶，以執行不同時在線的賣方和買家之間的貿易，並減輕他們訴諸於鏈貿易的交易費用。這引起了人們對市場的透明度和誠實行為的關注。”

Groth16 Recursive zkSNARKs are used to create a type of Proof-Carrying Data (PCD) that can prove a computation is correct across multiple transactions. The zero-knowledge proofs function as “off-chain receipts” of ownership and can be transferred even on an insecure channel. Importantly, these receipts are small in size and can be updated by anyone at any time without growing in (data) size as an asset is traded multiple times.

GROTH16遞歸ZKSNARKS用於創建一種類型的攜帶證明數據（PCD），可以證明可以證明計算在多個交易中是正確的。零知識證明的作用是所有權的“離鏈收據”，甚至可以在不安全的渠道上轉移。重要的是，這些收據的大小很小，任何時候可以隨時更新任何人，而不會增加（數據）大小，因為資產是多次交易的。

nChain makes ZKPs more efficient“Despite recent industry voices such as Vitalik’s recent post urging a move away from Groth16, we believe its unparalleled proof compactness and efficiency in verification makes it indispensable for blockchain use cases,” wrote Zhang.

NCHAIN使ZKPS更加有效。“儘管最近的行業聲音，例如Vitalik最近的帖子敦促遠離Groth16，但我們認為其無與倫比的證明緊湊性和驗證效率使區塊鏈用例的驗證中的效率無可或缺，” Zhang寫道。

DeFi trading tends to happen mostly on blockchains built with smart contracts in mind, such as Ethereum. Ethereum works with an account-based model rather than a UTXO-based one like Bitcoin, so it’s often seen as more appropriate for the task—though, like every other application on Ethereum, it’s hampered by that network’s poor scalability and high fees.

Defi交易往往主要發生在用智能合約（例如以太坊）構建的區塊鏈上。以太坊可與基於帳戶的模型一起使用，而不是基於UTXO的模型，例如比特幣，因此通常認為它更適合任務- 儘管像以太坊上的所有其他應用程序一樣，它受到該網絡的可擴展性和高費用的障礙。

Chaining/linking transactions on UTXO-based blockchains makes it possible to maintain a state as long as there’s a way to identify the previous transactions and prove the computation performed at each step was valid.

只要有一種方法來識別先前的交易並證明在每個步驟執行的計算是有效的，就可以維持狀態的鏈接/鏈接交易可以維持狀態。

“Bitcoin, as originally designed, has all the capabilities to implement token logic and other smart contract capabilities that we thought were only possible on Ethereum. We just had to think a bit harder and implement recursive ZKP verification in Script,” wrote Zhang.

“正如最初設計的那樣，比特幣具有實施令牌邏輯和其他智能合同功能的所有功能，我們認為只有在以太坊上才有可能。我們只需要更努力地思考，並在腳本中實現遞歸ZKP驗證。”張寫道。

A sender transferring a token creates a ZKP, which can trace the asset back to the original issuing (Genesis) transaction. This proof can be embedded in an unlocking script based on the receiver’s output. The first transfer “spends” the output from the genesis transaction, and after that, it requires three Bitcoin transactions to transfer ownership (zk-verifier; proof; token-swap).

傳輸令牌的發件人會創建ZKP，該ZKP可以將資產追溯到原始發行（Genesis）交易。該證明可以根據接收器的輸出嵌入到解鎖腳本中。第一個轉移從創世紀交易中“花費”輸出，此後，它需要三個比特幣交易才能轉移所有權（ZK-Verifier; Proof; procip; token-swap）。

The token-swap transaction is under 330 bytes, while the zk-verifier is 414KB, and the proof is 291KB. Though relatively small, multiple-transaction transfers at those sizes would get expensive on a severely limited blockchain network like BTC. Therefore, only a cheap and scalable UTXO blockchain like BSV would be useful in the real world.

令牌-S-wap事務不到330個字節，而ZK佛教符為414KB，證明為291KB。儘管相對較小，但這些尺寸的多交易轉移會在像BTC這樣的嚴重有限的區塊鍊網絡上變得昂貴。因此，只有像BSV這樣的便宜且可擴展的UTXO區塊鏈在現實世界中才有用。

nChain is still testing the technique and invites developers to look at their work and work with them on possible improvements.

NCHAIN仍在測試該技術，並邀請開發人員研究他們的工作，並與他們合作進行可能的改進。

NFTs and DeFi, in general, have been hot topics in the blockchain world for years now, but as with most other blockchain-based apps, everyone needs a solid, scalable, and affordable foundation to build on. BSV is that blockchain, and nChain is proving once again that it is possible to have speed and efficiency without sacrificing security.

總體而言，NFTS和DEFI多年來一直是區塊鏈世界中的熱門話題，但是與大多數其他基於區塊鏈的應用程序一樣，每個人都需要堅實，可擴展且負擔得起的基礎才能建立。 BSV是區塊鏈，Nchain再次證明可以在不犧牲安全性的情況下具有速度和效率。