当您遵守当地法律并为您的收入纳税时。然而，像中国这样的一些国家已经禁止比特币挖矿及相关活动。输出：标题：如何挖矿比特币：初学者分步指南

如果您想知道如何挖掘比特币，本指南将引导您完成基本步骤。比特币挖矿涉及解决复杂的数学问题以验证交易并将其添加到区块链中。

and recognized as a legitimate activity. However, certain countries have banned or restricted cryptocurrency mining due to concerns over energy consumption or financial scams.

并被视为合法活动。然而，出于对能源消耗或金融诈骗的担忧，某些国家已禁止或限制加密货币开采。

For example, China banned all cryptocurrency mining in 2021, and authorities shut down several large mining operations. Some countries like Iceland and Norway have strict environmental regulations that could impact mining operations. It’s always best to check the local laws and regulations before setting up any mining equipment.output: Bitcoin mining is the process that keeps the Bitcoin network running and secure. It involves powerful computers solving complex math puzzles to confirm transactions and add them to the blockchain, a public ledger that records every transaction ever made in Bitcoin. 

例如，中国在 2021 年禁止了所有加密货币挖矿，当局关闭了几家大型挖矿业务。冰岛和挪威等一些国家制定了严格的环境法规，可能会影响采矿作业。在设置任何挖矿设备之前，最好先检查当地的法律和法规。输出：比特币挖矿是保持比特币网络运行和安全的过程。它涉及强大的计算机解决复杂的数学难题，以确认交易并将其添加到区块链中，区块链是记录比特币中每笔交易的公共分类账。

In simple terms, mining is like a competition where miners race to solve these problems. The first one to do so gets to add a new block of transactions to the blockchain and is rewarded with newly created bitcoins and transaction fees from users.

简单来说，挖矿就像一场矿工竞相解决这些问题的竞赛。第一个这样做的人可以向区块链添加一个新的交易块，并获得新创建的比特币和用户交易费用的奖励。

Mining is not just about generating new Bitcoins; it also plays a key role in keeping the network secure and decentralized, making it very difficult for any one person or group to take control or alter the system.

挖矿不仅仅是产生新的比特币；它还在保持网络安全和去中心化方面发挥着关键作用，使任何个人或团体都很难控制或改变系统。

The Bitcoin network is programmed to only produce a limited supply of 21 million bitcoins, with a fixed schedule of releasing new coins. Currently, miners receive 3.125 bitcoins for every block they successfully mine. However, this reward halves approximately every 4 years, a process called “halving”. Eventually, when all 21 million bitcoins have been mined, miners will only earn transaction fees.

比特币网络仅生产 2100 万枚比特币，并且有固定的发行新币的时间表。目前，矿工每成功开采一个区块即可获得 3.125 比特币。然而，这种奖励大约每 4 年减半，这个过程称为“减半”。最终，当 2100 万个比特币全部被开采完时，矿工只能赚取交易费。

The Role of Miners in the Bitcoin Network

矿工在比特币网络中的角色

Miners are crucial to the Bitcoin network because they perform two main tasks: validating transactions and securing the network from attacks. 

矿工对于比特币网络至关重要，因为他们执行两项主要任务：验证交易和保护网络免受攻击。

Every time someone sends BTC to another person, that transaction is bundled with others and forms a block. Miners work to verify these transactions and ensure they are legitimate before adding them to the blockchain. Without miners, Bitcoin would not function smoothly because there would be no way to confirm transactions or prevent fraudulent activities like double-spending, where the same Bitcoin is spent twice.

每当有人向另一个人发送 BTC 时，该交易就会与其他人捆绑在一起并形成一个区块。矿工在将这些交易添加到区块链之前会努力验证这些交易并确保它们是合法的。如果没有矿工，比特币将无法顺利运行，因为无法确认交易或防止双重支出（即同一个比特币被花费两次）等欺诈活动。

The competition for solving “cryptographic puzzles” by miners is what keeps Bitcoin decentralized. Instead of relying on a central authority, the network depends on random miners. 

矿工解决“密码难题”的竞争是比特币保持去中心化的原因。该网络不依赖中央机构，而是依赖随机矿工。

Proof-of-Work (PoW) Explained

工作量证明 (PoW) 解释

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is the consensus mechanism used in Bitcoin mining. It ensures that miners must put in significant computational effort to solve puzzles before they can add new blocks to the blockchain.

工作量证明（PoW）是比特币挖矿中使用的共识机制。它确保矿工必须投入大量计算工作来解决难题，然后才能向区块链添加新块。

However, PoW is energy-intensive because miners worldwide are constantly competing, and only one miner wins every 10 minutes. This has raised concerns about the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining, but for now, PoW remains the best-known method to secure the network against fraud and attacks. 

然而，PoW 是能源密集型的，因为世界各地的矿工都在不断竞争，每 10 分钟只有一名矿工获胜。这引起了人们对比特币挖矿对环境影响的担忧，但就目前而言，PoW 仍然是保护网络免受欺诈和攻击的最著名方法。

How Does Bitcoin Mining Work?

比特币挖矿如何运作？

To understand how Bitcoin mining works, it’s important to know about the hash, the target hash, nonce, and mining difficulty.

要了解比特币挖矿的工作原理，了解哈希值、目标哈希值、随机数和挖矿难度非常重要。

The Hash, Target Hash, and Nonce

哈希值、目标哈希值和随机数

At the heart of this process is something called a “hash”. A hash is like a digital fingerprint – a unique string of characters generated from a set of data. When miners try to add a new block, they take all the transaction data in that block and run it through a hash function, which spits out a 64-character hexadecimal number. This number needs to be below a certain value called the target hash for the miner to succeed.

这个过程的核心是所谓的“哈希”。哈希就像数字指纹——从一组数据生成的唯一字符串。当矿工尝试添加新区块时，他们会获取该区块中的所有交易数据，并通过哈希函数运行它，该函数会输出 64 个字符的十六进制数字。该数字需要低于称为目标哈希值的特定值，矿工才能成功。

Miners are essentially guessing numbers called nonces (which stands for “number only used once”) to try and produce a hash that meets this requirement. If the hash is too high, the miner tries again with a new nonce, repeating the process billions of times per second. It’s like a huge guessing game, and the more computational power a miner has, the more guesses they can make in a short amount of time, increasing their chances of success.

矿工本质上是猜测称为随机数（代表“仅使用一次的数字”）的数字，以尝试生成满足此要求的哈希值。如果哈希值太高，矿工会使用新的随机数再次尝试，每秒重复该过程数十亿次。这就像一场巨大的猜谜游戏，矿工的算力越强，他们在短时间内可以做出的猜测就越多，成功的机会就越大。

Mining Difficulty 

挖矿难度

The difficulty of mining isn’t constant. Every two weeks, the Bitcoin network adjusts something called the mining difficulty to ensure blocks are mined roughly every 10 minutes, no matter how many miners are competing. 

采矿的难度并不是恒定的。每两周，比特币网络就会调整一次所谓的挖矿难度，以确保大约每 10 分钟就会开采一次区块，无论有多少矿工参与竞争。

If miners are solving blocks too quickly because more computational power has been added to the network, the difficulty increases. If blocks are being solved too slowly, it gets easier. In the early days of Bitcoin, the difficulty was quite low, so anyone with a regular computer could mine, but today, the difficulty has skyrocketed, and it requires highly specialized machines called ASICs to even stand a chance.

如果矿工因为网络中增加了更多的计算能力而过快地解决区块，那么难度就会增加。如果解决块的速度太慢，它就会变得更容易。在比特币的早期，难度相当低，所以任何拥有普通计算机的人都可以挖矿，但今天，难度已经飙升，甚至需要称为 ASIC 的高度专业化机器才有机会。

This computational effort is measured in hashrate, which refers to the number of hashes a machine can calculate per second. Higher hashrates mean more chances to find the correct hash and modern miners often have machines that can do trillions of hashes per second.

这种计算工作量以哈希率来衡量，哈希率是指机器每秒可以计算的哈希数。更高的哈希率意味着找到正确哈希的机会更多，而现代矿工通常拥有每秒可以执行数万亿次哈希的机器。

Methods of Bitcoin Mining

比特币挖矿方法

CPU Mining

CPU挖矿

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, the main processor in a computer that handles general computing tasks. CPU mining was one of the earliest methods used to mine Bitcoin. Initially, Bitcoin mining could

CPU 代表中央处理单元，是计算机中处理一般计算任务的主处理器。 CPU 挖掘是最早用于挖掘比特币的方法之一。最初，比特币挖矿可以