美联储提议征收比特币税以保护赤字

为了控制预算赤字，明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行的一项新研究建议对比特币等资产征税或彻底禁止。

The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis is recommending that governments either heavily tax or ban assets like Bitcoin to prevent the cryptocurrency from destabilizing fiscal policy.

明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行建议政府要么对比特币等资产征收重税，要么禁止比特币等资产，以防止加密货币破坏财政政策的稳定。

In a working paper released on Oct. 17, the Minneapolis Fed argued that the introduction of Bitcoin creates problems for an economy in which the government is attempting to implement policies that permanently maintain primary deficits through nominal debt.

在 10 月 17 日发布的一份工作文件中，明尼阿波利斯联储认为，比特币的引入给政府试图实施通过名义债务永久维持基本赤字的政策的经济带来了问题。

The Fed warned that an asset like Bitcoin might lead to a “balanced budget trap,” a situation in which the government is forced to maintain a balanced budget.

美联储警告称，像比特币这样的资产可能会导致“平衡预算陷阱”，即政府被迫维持平衡预算。

The researchers gave the example of Bitcoin as a “private-sector security” with a fixed supply that lacks “real resource claims.” Bans or taxes would be the best way to solve this conundrum, they claimed, according to Cointelegraph.

研究人员以比特币作为“私营部门证券”的例子，其供应量固定，缺乏“实际资源要求”。据 Cointelegraph 报道，他们声称，禁令或税收将是解决这一难题的最佳方式。

“A legal prohibition against Bitcoin can restore unique implementation of permanent primary deficits, and so can a tax on Bitcoin,” the economists wrote in the paper.

经济学家在论文中写道：“对比特币的法律禁令可以恢复永久性基本赤字的独特实施，对比特币征税也可以。”

A primary deficit occurs when tax and other revenue collections fall short of spending, excluding interest payments on debt. When describing the primary deficit, the term “permanent” is used to indicate that the government intends to continue spending more than it collects indefinitely.

当税收和其他收入低于支出（不包括债务利息支付）时，就会出现主要赤字。在描述主要赤字时，“永久性”一词用于表明政府打算无限期地继续支出超过收税。

The total amount of the United States’ accumulated national debt is $35.7 trillion. However, the primary deficit — the annual gap between spending and tax collections — currently stands at around $1.8 trillion.

美国累计国债总额为35.7万亿美元。然而，主要赤字——支出与税收之间的年度缺口——目前约为 1.8 万亿美元。

As interest rates and debt used to finance the government rise, interest payments on Treasury debt increased by 29% to $1.13 trillion, Reuters reported on Oct. 19. This will be the largest deficit outside the COVID-19 era.

据路透社 10 月 19 日报道，随着利率和用于政府融资的债务上升，国债利息支付增加了 29%，达到 1.13 万亿美元。这将是 COVID-19 时代以外的最大赤字。

In a comment posted on Oct. 21, Matthew Sigel, head of digital asset analysis at VanEck, noted that the Minneapolis Fed joined the European Central Bank in its criticism of Bitcoin, adding that the institution “fantasizes about ‘legal prohibition’ and extra taxes on BTC to ensure govt debt remains the ‘only risk-free security.’”

VanEck 数字资产分析主管 Matthew Sigel 在 10 月 21 日发表的评论中指出，明尼阿波利斯联储与欧洲央行一起批评比特币，并补充说该机构“幻想‘法律禁止’和额外税收”比特币以确保政府债务仍然是“唯一无风险的安全”。

Meanwhile, Dan McArdle, co-founder of Messari, highlighted a paper titled “Money is Memory” from 1996 published by the Minneapolis Fed. In an interesting twist, this article argued in favor of Bitcoin twelve years before its creation.

与此同时，Messari 联合创始人 Dan McArdle 重点介绍了明尼阿波利斯联储 1996 年发表的一篇题​​为“金钱就是记忆”的论文。有趣的是，这篇文章在比特币诞生前十二年就支持了它。

The article claimed that money is “analogous to a primitive technology of memory,” “available in fixed supply” and does not “enter production.”

文章声称，货币“类似于原始的记忆技术”，“可以固定供应”，并且不会“进入生产”。

The European Central Bank also joined in on criticizing Bitcoin in a document published on Oct. 12, arguing that early Bitcoin holders are enriched at the expense of later participants. It contended that the asset’s price is set by a collective hallucination, and the authority should either cap the price or ban the cryptocurrency to prevent further regulation.

欧洲央行也在 10 月 12 日发布的一份文件中加入批评比特币的行列，认为早期比特币持有者的致富是以牺牲后来的参与者为代价的。它认为，该资产的价格是由集体幻觉决定的，当局应该限制价格或禁止加密货币，以防止进一步监管。

Jürgen Schaaf, an adviser to the ECB’s senior management, added to the chorus of arguments against Bitcoin in a post on Oct. 20 on X, arguing that there are “strong reasons to advocate for policies that curb Bitcoin’s growth or even eliminate it.”

欧洲央行高级管理层顾问尤尔根·沙夫 (Jürgen Schaaf) 在 10 月 20 日的 X 上发帖，加入了反对比特币的行列，他认为“有充分的理由提倡遏制比特币增长甚至消除比特币的政策”。

“Non-holders should realize that Bitcoin's rise is fueled by a wealth redistribution to the early birds at their expense,” he said.

“非持有者应该意识到，比特币的上涨是由早起的鸟儿以牺牲他们的利益为代价的财富重新分配所推动的，”他说。