加密已经在第2层（L2）解决方案上投注了几年

这种固定构成了汇总，桥梁和零散的流动性网络，威胁着区块链的权力下放和安全性的核心原则。

Layer-2 (L2) solutions have been touted as a magic bullet for fixing issues with scalability in crypto. However, while they may fill the gaps at the individual level, as a movement, L2 solutions have put crypto at risk of losing all three.

第2层（L2）解决方案已被吹捧为用于固定加密性可扩展性问题的魔术子弹。但是，尽管它们可能会填补单个级别的空白，但作为运动，L2解决方案使加密货币面临失去这三个的风险。

The growing mass of L2s has led to a highly fractured ecosystem that is difficult to navigate and relies on complex rollups and bridging solutions. This has led to part of the ecosystem centralizing, drawing assets into fragmented liquidity silos, hindering security and stifling competition for smaller projects. These “solutions” have also introduced large-scale friction and brought unnecessary security risks.

L2s的质量不断增长，导致了一个高度骨折的生态系统，该系统难以导航，并且依赖复杂的汇总和桥接解决方案。这导致了一部分生态系统集中化，将资产纳入零散的流动性孤岛，阻碍安全性和扼杀较小项目的竞争。这些“解决方案”还引入了大规模摩擦，并带来了不必要的安全风险。

Many L2s’ reliance on sequencers or trusted validators creates additional cracks in the armor, single points of failure, while siloed liquidity reduces validator availability for smaller L2s, threatening network resilience. These solutions also leave an immense technical challenge for developers building applications hoping to integrate with L2s, requiring in-depth and specific knowledge of the mechanics of each L2 the application may need to touch.

许多L2S对音序器或受信任验证器的依赖在装甲中产生了其他裂缝，单个失败点，而孤立的流动性降低了较小的L2S的验证器可用性，从而威胁了网络弹性。这些解决方案还为建立希望与L2集成的开发人员构建了巨大的技术挑战，需要对每个L2的力学进行深入和具体的了解，该应用程序可能需要触摸。

L2 proponents argue that these trade-offs are necessary and easily overcome, but there are even more fundamental issues here than sacrificing security, scalability or liquidity.

L2支持者认为，这些权衡是必要的，很容易克服的，但是与牺牲安全性，可伸缩性或流动性相比，这里还有更多的根本问题。

Crypto’s endgame is a universal network where any asset or decentralized application can instantly interact with any other in a trustless, secure way. The friction that L2s introduce, however, sabotages this instant interoperability, while the centralization of sequencers and validators undermines the fundamentals of a trustless system. It is not just that this stymies scalability in decentralized finance (DeFi), but rather that it leads toward scaling something completely different, recreating the inefficiencies of the existing siloed, fragmented and middle-man-infested TradFi system. If the goal of DeFi is to move all financial activity onchain, it is imperative to do better than what we already have.

Crypto的最后游戏是一个通用网络，任何资产或分散应用程序都可以以无信任，安全的方式与任何其他人进行交互。但是，L2S引入的摩擦破坏了这种即时互操作性，而音序者和验证者的集中化则破坏了无信任系统的基本面。不仅在分散融资（DEFI）中，这种阻碍性可扩展性，而且还导致了完全不同的东西，从而重现现有的孤立，零散和中间人饮食的tradfi系统的效率低下。如果Defi的目标是将所有财务活动Onchain移动，那么必须比我们已经拥有的更好。

Crypto needs to build from the foundations up. Instead of outsourcing scalability and security, blockchain networks must prioritize them at layer 1. Sharding offers a clear path forward, but the industry must set higher goals and build a long-term solution rather than just a quick fix to “band-aid” the immediate scalability problem of the day. It is not just about increasing the shard count; it is how we shard. The Beacon Chain just adds a bottleneck, and dynamic sharding is complicated, limiting scalability with massive overheads. Even intra-validator sharding seems to solve all of these problems until you reach resource saturation on the network-facing node, which has to ingest all transactions, simply kicking the can down the road in search of more validators and diminishing returns.

加密需要从基础上建立。区块链网络必须在第1层中优先考虑区块链网络，而不是外包的可伸缩性和安全性。碎片提供了一个明确的前进道路，但是行业必须设定更高的目标并建立长期解决方案，而不仅仅是快速修复了当天的即时可扩展性问题。这不只是增加碎片数；这就是我们的碎片。信标链只是增加了瓶颈，动态碎片很复杂，限制了可扩展性，并具有巨大的开销。即使是内部越野碎片似乎也可以解决所有这些问题，直到您在面向网络的节点上达到资源饱和（必须摄取所有交易），只需将罐头踢到道路上即可寻找更多验证者并减少回报。

The obvious solution for scaling DeFi to the same capabilities as TradFi is state sharding, which is the state of the blockchain distributed across many different shards. Transactions that involve states from different shards create a temporary consensus process. The validators responsible for the transaction state communicate, agree (or not), and update the state atomically in all relevant shards. This allows transactions to be processed in parallel across multiple shards and even within shards themselves, leaving a shard’s only concern that the transactions modifying the state for which they are responsible do not have intersecting dependencies, significantly increasing throughput without compromising decentralization or accessibility.

将缩放范围扩展到与TradFI相同功能的明显解决方案是状态碎片，这是分布在许多不同碎片上的区块链的状态。涉及不同碎片状态的交易创造了暂时的共识过程。负责交易状态的验证者在所有相关碎片中进行了交流，同意（或不同意）并在原子上更新状态。这允许交易在多个碎片之间以及甚至在碎片本身内并行处理，这唯一担心的是，交易修改其负责的状态没有相互依赖的依赖性，从而显着增加吞吐量而不会损害分散性或可访问性。

When these shards are integrated with atomic commitment, if any part of the transaction fails, everything aborts cleanly, and there’s no work needed to untangle hanging state changes.

当这些碎片与原子的承诺集成在一起时，如果交易的任何部分失败，一切都干净地流产，并且没有工作来解开悬挂状态的变化。

This is just one solution. DeFi will scale to onboard the planet. It is just a question of how soon and by what means. That said, solutions that focus on the fundamentals of L1 development rather than relying on a patchwork of L2s will eliminate fragmentation, reduce complexity, and ensure scalability and accessibility are again at the heart of blockchain networks. It comes down to the future that developers want to prioritize — tokenomics or the founding promises of Web3 — decentralization, efficiency and security.

这只是一个解决方案。 DEFI将扩展到船上。这只是一个问题，即多久和付出了什么手段。也就是说，专注于L1开发基本面而不是依靠L2拼凑的解决方案将消除分散性，降低复杂性并确保可伸缩性和可访问性再次成为区块链网络的核心。这取决于开发人员希望优先考虑的未来 - 令牌或Web3的创始承诺 - 权力下放，效率和安全性。

L1 solutions are solutions for everybody. They secure the very foundation of the ecosystem for developers, traders, general users and even several billion prospective users. Without resilient and scalable architecture in the foundations, one strong push is all it will take to cause this house of cards to collapse. Of course, specific use cases might be better with L2 solutions. A high-frequency trade settlement is a perfect example, but exceptions never prove the rule. From a whole-ecosystem perspective, developers must focus on integrated, native scalability solutions instead of just adding complexity and balancing more precarious “solutions” on top. Without adequately attending to the L1, nothing but problems await.

L1解决方案是每个人的解决方案。他们为开发人员，贸易商，普通用户甚至准潜在用户确保了生态系统的基础。在基础中，如果没有弹性和可扩展的架构，那么将需要一项强大的推动力才能使这位纸牌屋倒塌。当然，使用L2解决方案可能会更好。高频贸易和解是一个完美的例子，但是例外永远不会证明规则。从整个生态系统的角度来看，开发人员必须专注于集成的本地可扩展性解决方案，而不仅仅是在顶部添加复杂性并平衡更加不稳定的“解决方案”。没有充分参加L1，只有问题等待。