加密网络：支持安全交易和多样化应用的去中心化系统

加密网络是一种去中心化系统，利用区块链技术实现数字资产和数据的安全传输、存储和验证。

A crypto network is a decentralized system powered by blockchain technology, enabling secure transactions, tokenized economies, and a broad range of decentralized applications. It represents a transformative approach to digital infrastructure, reshaping how value and information are exchanged in the digital age.

加密网络是一个由区块链技术支持的去中心化系统，可实现安全交易、代币化经济和广泛的去中心化应用程序。它代表了数字基础设施的变革性方法，重塑了数字时代价值和信息的交换方式。

Crypto networks without network fees are rare because transaction fees typically play a crucial role in incentivizing participants to validate transactions and secure the network. However, there are some crypto networks that have implemented unique mechanisms to minimize or eliminate fees under specific circumstances.

没有网络费用的加密网络很少见，因为交易费用通常在激励参与者验证交易和保护网络方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，有些加密网络已经实施了独特的机制，以在特定情况下最大限度地减少或消除费用。

One notable example is the IOTA network, which uses a technology called the Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) instead of a traditional blockchain. Unlike blockchain-based systems, IOTA requires users to validate two other transactions when submitting their own, removing the need for miners and, consequently, transaction fees. This fee-free model is designed to enable microtransactions and facilitate use cases in the Internet of Things (IoT), where high-frequency, low-value transactions are common.

一个值得注意的例子是 IOTA 网络，它使用一种称为 Tangle 的技术，即有向无环图 (DAG)，而不是传统的区块链。与基于区块链的系统不同，IOTA 要求用户在提交自己的交易时验证另外两笔交易，从而消除了对矿工的需求，从而消除了交易费用。这种免费模式旨在实现微交易并促进物联网 (IoT) 中的用例，其中高频、低价值交易很常见。

Another example is the Nano network, which is specifically designed to offer feeless transactions. Nano uses a unique consensus mechanism called Open Representative Voting (ORV), where account holders delegate voting power to representatives who validate transactions. The lightweight design of Nano’s ledger and its efficient consensus mechanism eliminate the need for transaction fees while ensuring fast and secure transfers.

另一个例子是 Nano 网络，它是专门为提供免费交易而设计的。 Nano 使用一种称为开放代表投票 (ORV) 的独特共识机制，账户持有者将投票权委托给验证交易的代表。 Nano账本的轻量级设计及其高效的共识机制消除了交易费用的需要，同时确保了快速、安全的转账。

While these networks avoid direct fees, they often come with trade-offs. Fee-free models may face challenges in preventing spam transactions, as fees typically act as a deterrent to network abuse. Networks like IOTA and Nano implement alternative mechanisms to address this, such as computational proof-of-work or other rate-limiting techniques to ensure network integrity.

虽然这些网络避免了直接费用，但它们通常需要权衡。免费模式可能在防止垃圾邮件交易方面面临挑战，因为费用通常可以起到威慑网络滥用的作用。 IOTA 和 Nano 等网络采用替代机制来解决这个问题，例如计算工作量证明或其他速率限制技术来确保网络完整性。

It’s important to note that even on networks with zero or low fees, users may still incur costs related to third-party services like wallet providers or exchanges. Additionally, fee-free models are best suited for specific use cases, such as microtransactions or machine-to-machine payments, rather than the broader functionalities offered by networks like Ethereum or Bitcoin, which rely on fees to maintain their expansive ecosystems.

值得注意的是，即使在零费用或低费用的网络上，用户仍然可能会产生与钱包提供商或交易所等第三方服务相关的费用。此外，免费模型最适合特定的用例，例如微交易或机器对机器支付，而不是以太坊或比特币等网络提供的更广泛的功能，这些网络依赖费用来维持其广阔的生态系统。

While some crypto networks strive to eliminate fees, they do so with specialized designs tailored to specific purposes. These models reflect the diverse approaches to addressing the challenges of cost, scalability, and network security in the crypto space.

虽然一些加密网络努力消除费用，但它们是通过针对特定目的量身定制的专门设计来实现的。这些模型反映了解决加密领域成本、可扩展性和网络安全挑战的多种方法。

Alternatives to fee-free crypto networks typically aim to minimize transaction costs while maintaining network security and scalability. These networks incorporate innovative designs and mechanisms to reduce fees without completely eliminating them, balancing affordability with the incentives required to sustain decentralized systems.

免费加密网络的替代方案通常旨在最大限度地降低交易成本，同时保持网络安全性和可扩展性。这些网络采用创新的设计和机制来降低费用而不完全消除费用，平衡负担能力与维持去中心化系统所需的激励措施。

One alternative is low-fee blockchains, such as Solana and Algorand, which use efficient consensus mechanisms to keep transaction costs minimal. Solana employs a Proof-of-History (PoH) system combined with Proof-of-Stake (PoS), allowing for high throughput and very low fees, often measured in fractions of a cent per transaction. Similarly, Algorand’s Pure Proof-of-Stake (PPoS) ensures fast and cost-effective transactions while maintaining decentralization and security. These networks are suitable for a broad range of applications, including decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, and tokenized assets.

一种替代方案是低费用区块链，例如 Solana 和 Algorand，它们使用有效的共识机制来将交易成本降至最低。 Solana 采用历史证明 (PoH) 系统与权益证明 (PoS) 相结合，可实现高吞吐量和极低的费用（通常以每笔交易几美分的几分之一来衡量）。同样，Algorand 的纯粹权益证明 (PPoS) 确保快速且经济高效的交易，同时保持去中心化和安全性。这些网络适用于广泛的应用，包括去中心化金融（DeFi）、游戏和代币化资产。

Layer-2 scaling solutions on existing blockchains, such as Ethereum’s Optimism and Arbitrum, provide another approach to reducing fees. These networks operate on top of base-layer blockchains and batch transactions off-chain, settling them on the main blockchain in a more cost-efficient manner. This significantly reduces the gas fees associated with Ethereum while preserving its security and decentralization.

现有区块链上的第 2 层扩展解决方案，例如以太坊的 Optimism 和 Arbitrum，提供了另一种降低费用的方法。这些网络在基础层区块链和链下批量交易之上运行，以更具成本效益的方式将它们结算在主区块链上。这显着降低了与以太坊相关的天然气费用，同时保持其安全性和去中心化。

Some networks, like Stellar and Ripple (XRP), focus on optimizing transaction costs for specific use cases, such as cross-border payments and remittances. While they do charge fees, these are extremely low—often a fraction of a cent—and designed primarily as a safeguard against spam transactions rather than a source of revenue.

一些网络，如 Stellar 和 Ripple (XRP)，专注于优化特定用例的交易成本，例如跨境支付和汇款。虽然他们确实收取费用，但费用极低——通常是一美分的一小部分——并且主要是为了防范垃圾邮件交易，而不是作为收入来源。

Another alternative is the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) architecture, used by networks like IOTA and Hedera Hashgraph, which enables efficient, low-cost or feeless transactions. These networks rely on alternative methods, such as participants directly validating transactions, to avoid the traditional miner-based fee structures of blockchain systems. These architectures are particularly suited for high-frequency, low-value transactions, such as those in IoT ecosystems.

另一种替代方案是有向无环图（DAG）架构，由 IOTA 和 Hedera Hashgraph 等网络使用，可实现高效、低成本或免费交易。这些网络依赖替代方法，例如参与者直接验证交易，以避免区块链系统传统的基于矿工的费用结构。这些架构特别适合高频、低价值的交易，例如物联网生态系统中的交易。

Fee-subsidized models are another emerging approach. Some projects subsidize user fees through network incentives or ecosystem funding. For example, platforms like Celo aim to make cryptocurrency accessible by allowing users to pay fees with stablecoins or receive subsidized fee coverage for specific transactions.

费用补贴模式是另一种新兴方法。一些项目通过网络激励或生态系统资助来补贴用户费用。例如，Celo 等平台旨在通过允许用户使用稳定币支付费用或获得特定交易的费用补贴来使加密货币变得容易使用。

Lastly, private blockchains or permissioned networks, such as those used in enterprise settings, often eliminate fees entirely. These networks do not require fees because they operate in a controlled environment with predefined participants and consensus mechanisms. However, they are not suitable for open, public use cases.

最后，私有区块链或许可网络（例如企业环境中使用的网络）通常完全消除费用。这些网络不需要费用，因为它们在具有预定义参与者和共识机制的受控环境中运行。但是，它们不适合开放的公共用例。

These alternatives demonstrate that while fully fee-free networks like IOTA and Nano exist, many crypto networks prioritize minimizing fees rather than eliminating

这些替代方案表明，虽然 IOTA 和 Nano 等完全免费的网络存在，但许多加密网络优先考虑最小化费用而不是消除费用