加密網路：支援安全交易和多樣化應用的去中心化系統

加密網路是一種去中心化系統，利用區塊鏈技術實現數位資產和資料的安全傳輸、儲存和驗證。

A crypto network is a decentralized system powered by blockchain technology, enabling secure transactions, tokenized economies, and a broad range of decentralized applications. It represents a transformative approach to digital infrastructure, reshaping how value and information are exchanged in the digital age.

加密網路是一個由區塊鏈技術支援的去中心化系統，可實現安全交易、代幣化經濟和廣泛的去中心化應用程式。它代表了數位基礎設施的變革性方法，重塑了數位時代價值和資訊的交換方式。

Crypto networks without network fees are rare because transaction fees typically play a crucial role in incentivizing participants to validate transactions and secure the network. However, there are some crypto networks that have implemented unique mechanisms to minimize or eliminate fees under specific circumstances.

沒有網路費用的加密網路很少見，因為交易費用通常在激勵參與者驗證交易和保護網路方面發揮著至關重要的作用。然而，有些加密網路已經實施了獨特的機制，以在特定情況下最大限度地減少或消除費用。

One notable example is the IOTA network, which uses a technology called the Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) instead of a traditional blockchain. Unlike blockchain-based systems, IOTA requires users to validate two other transactions when submitting their own, removing the need for miners and, consequently, transaction fees. This fee-free model is designed to enable microtransactions and facilitate use cases in the Internet of Things (IoT), where high-frequency, low-value transactions are common.

一個值得注意的例子是 IOTA 網絡，它使用一種稱為 Tangle 的技術，即有向無環圖 (DAG)，而不是傳統的區塊鏈。與基於區塊鏈的系統不同，IOTA 要求用戶在提交自己的交易時驗證另外兩筆交易，從而消除了對礦工的需求，從而消除了交易費用。這種免費模式旨在實現微交易並促進物聯網 (IoT) 中的用例，其中高頻、低價值交易很常見。

Another example is the Nano network, which is specifically designed to offer feeless transactions. Nano uses a unique consensus mechanism called Open Representative Voting (ORV), where account holders delegate voting power to representatives who validate transactions. The lightweight design of Nano’s ledger and its efficient consensus mechanism eliminate the need for transaction fees while ensuring fast and secure transfers.

另一個例子是 Nano 網絡，它是專門為提供免費交易而設計的。 Nano 使用一種稱為開放代表投票 (ORV) 的獨特共識機制，帳戶持有者將投票權委託給驗證交易的代表。 Nano帳本的輕量級設計及其高效的共識機制消除了交易費用的需要，同時確保了快速、安全的轉帳。

While these networks avoid direct fees, they often come with trade-offs. Fee-free models may face challenges in preventing spam transactions, as fees typically act as a deterrent to network abuse. Networks like IOTA and Nano implement alternative mechanisms to address this, such as computational proof-of-work or other rate-limiting techniques to ensure network integrity.

雖然這些網路避免了直接費用，但它們通常需要權衡。免費模式可能在防止垃圾郵件交易方面面臨挑戰，因為費用通常可以起到威懾網路濫用的作用。 IOTA 和 Nano 等網路採用替代機制來解決這個問題，例如運算工作量證明或其他速率限制技術來確保網路完整性。

It’s important to note that even on networks with zero or low fees, users may still incur costs related to third-party services like wallet providers or exchanges. Additionally, fee-free models are best suited for specific use cases, such as microtransactions or machine-to-machine payments, rather than the broader functionalities offered by networks like Ethereum or Bitcoin, which rely on fees to maintain their expansive ecosystems.

值得注意的是，即使在零費用或低費用的網路上，用戶仍然可能會產生與錢包提供者或交易所等第三方服務相關的費用。此外，免費模型最適合特定的用例，例如微交易或機器對機器支付，而不是以太坊或比特幣等網路提供的更廣泛的功能，這些網路依賴費用來維持其廣闊的生態系統。

While some crypto networks strive to eliminate fees, they do so with specialized designs tailored to specific purposes. These models reflect the diverse approaches to addressing the challenges of cost, scalability, and network security in the crypto space.

雖然一些加密網路努力消除費用，但它們是透過針對特定目的量身定制的專門設計來實現的。這些模型反映了解決加密領域成本、可擴展性和網路安全挑戰的多種方法。

Alternatives to fee-free crypto networks typically aim to minimize transaction costs while maintaining network security and scalability. These networks incorporate innovative designs and mechanisms to reduce fees without completely eliminating them, balancing affordability with the incentives required to sustain decentralized systems.

免費加密網路的替代方案通常旨在最大限度地降低交易成本，同時保持網路安全性和可擴展性。這些網路採用創新的設計和機制來降低費用而不完全消除費用，平衡負擔能力與維持去中心化系統所需的激勵措施。

One alternative is low-fee blockchains, such as Solana and Algorand, which use efficient consensus mechanisms to keep transaction costs minimal. Solana employs a Proof-of-History (PoH) system combined with Proof-of-Stake (PoS), allowing for high throughput and very low fees, often measured in fractions of a cent per transaction. Similarly, Algorand’s Pure Proof-of-Stake (PPoS) ensures fast and cost-effective transactions while maintaining decentralization and security. These networks are suitable for a broad range of applications, including decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, and tokenized assets.

一種替代方案是低費用區塊鏈，例如 Solana 和 Algorand，它們使用有效的共識機制將交易成本降至最低。 Solana 採用歷史證明 (PoH) 系統與權益證明 (PoS) 相結合，可實現高吞吐量和極低的費用（通常以每筆交易幾美分的幾分之一來衡量）。同樣，Algorand 的純粹權益證明 (PPoS) 確保快速且經濟高效的交易，同時保持去中心化和安全性。這些網路適用於廣泛的應用，包括去中心化金融（DeFi）、遊戲和代幣化資產。

Layer-2 scaling solutions on existing blockchains, such as Ethereum’s Optimism and Arbitrum, provide another approach to reducing fees. These networks operate on top of base-layer blockchains and batch transactions off-chain, settling them on the main blockchain in a more cost-efficient manner. This significantly reduces the gas fees associated with Ethereum while preserving its security and decentralization.

現有區塊鏈上的第 2 層擴展解決方案（例如以太坊的 Optimism 和 Arbitrum）提供了另一種降低費用的方法。這些網路在基礎層區塊鏈和鏈下批量交易之上運行，以更具成本效益的方式將它們結算在主區塊鏈上。這顯著降低了與以太坊相關的天然氣費用，同時保持其安全性和去中心化。

Some networks, like Stellar and Ripple (XRP), focus on optimizing transaction costs for specific use cases, such as cross-border payments and remittances. While they do charge fees, these are extremely low—often a fraction of a cent—and designed primarily as a safeguard against spam transactions rather than a source of revenue.

一些網絡，如 Stellar 和 Ripple (XRP)，專注於優化特定用例的交易成本，例如跨境支付和匯款。雖然他們確實收取費用，但費用極低——通常是一美分的一小部分——並且主要是為了防範垃圾郵件交易，而不是作為收入來源。

Another alternative is the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) architecture, used by networks like IOTA and Hedera Hashgraph, which enables efficient, low-cost or feeless transactions. These networks rely on alternative methods, such as participants directly validating transactions, to avoid the traditional miner-based fee structures of blockchain systems. These architectures are particularly suited for high-frequency, low-value transactions, such as those in IoT ecosystems.

另一種替代方案是有向無環圖（DAG）架構，由 IOTA 和 Hedera Hashgraph 等網路使用，可實現高效、低成本或免費交易。這些網路依賴替代方法，例如參與者直接驗證交易，以避免區塊鏈系統傳統的基於礦工的費用結構。這些架構特別適合高頻、低價值的交易，例如物聯網生態系統中的交易。

Fee-subsidized models are another emerging approach. Some projects subsidize user fees through network incentives or ecosystem funding. For example, platforms like Celo aim to make cryptocurrency accessible by allowing users to pay fees with stablecoins or receive subsidized fee coverage for specific transactions.

費用補貼模式是另一種新興方法。一些項目透過網路激勵或生態系統資助來補貼用戶費用。例如，Celo 等平台旨在透過允許用戶使用穩定幣支付費用或獲得特定交易的費用補貼來使加密貨幣變得容易使用。

Lastly, private blockchains or permissioned networks, such as those used in enterprise settings, often eliminate fees entirely. These networks do not require fees because they operate in a controlled environment with predefined participants and consensus mechanisms. However, they are not suitable for open, public use cases.

最後，私有區塊鏈或許可網路（例如企業環境中使用的網路）通常完全消除費用。這些網路不需要費用，因為它們在具有預定義參與者和共識機制的受控環境中運作。但是，它們不適合開放的公共用例。

These alternatives demonstrate that while fully fee-free networks like IOTA and Nano exist, many crypto networks prioritize minimizing fees rather than eliminating

這些替代方案表明，雖然 IOTA 和 Nano 等完全免費的網路存在，但許多加密網路優先考慮最小化費用而不是消除費用