比特币仍然使中央银行家感到恐惧

虽然欧洲中央银行对比特币仍然苛刻，但俄罗斯却没有落后。它的总统埃尔维拉·纳比利娜（Elvira Nabioullina）建议“为最富有的人保留它”，

The president of the Russian central bank has been met with amusement for trying to put limits on bitcoin.

俄罗斯中央银行的总统因试图对比特币施加限制而感到兴奋。

Elvira Nabioullina proposes to “reserve it for the wealthiest individuals,” in a context where the gap between the EU and the United States regarding bitcoin is widening.

在欧盟与美国关于比特币之间的差距正在扩大的情况下，Elvira Nabioullina建议“为最富有的人保留它”。

This is reported by the Moscow Times about the international payments that the Russian central bank is making in bitcoins to circumvent the Western financial embargo. Bitcoin is proving to be a very valuable ally while waiting for international tensions to ease.

《莫斯科时报》报道了俄罗斯中央银行在比特币中进行的国际付款，以规避西方金融禁运。在等待国际紧张局势缓解时，比特币被证明是非常有价值的盟友。

These BTC payments are open to banks, insurance companies, and investment funds. However, individuals need an annual income exceeding 50 million rubles ($580,000) to benefit from it.

这些BTC付款向银行，保险公司和投资基金开放。但是，个人需要年收入超过5000万卢布（$ 580,000）才能从中受益。

Of course, this restriction only concerns this “experimental system” hijacked by the central bank. Buying bitcoins is absolutely not prohibited in Russia. That said, businesses are not allowed to accept it as payment.

当然，这种限制只涉及中央银行劫持的“实验系统”。在俄罗斯绝对不禁止购买比特币。也就是说，不允许企业接受它作为付款。

Like Christine Lagarde, for whom bitcoin is “a way out,” Elvira Nabioullina prefers the CBDC. It has existed since last year, but nobody is using it.

像克里斯汀·拉加德（Christine Lagarde）一样，比特币是“出路”，Elvira Nabioullina也更喜欢CBDC。它自去年以来就已经存在，但是没有人使用它。

This distrust contrasts with the opinion of Vladimir Putin, who stated a few months ago:

这种不信任与几个月前说的弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）的看法形成鲜明对比：

“Who can ban bitcoin? No one. Whatever happens to the dollar, these new technologies will develop in one way or another.”

“谁可以禁止任何人，这些新技术会以一种或另一种方式发展。”

What’s the Point of Banning BTC Payments?

禁止BTC付款的重点是什么？

Is it to preserve the margins of payment companies like Visa, Mastercard, or MIR (Russia)? Probably not, since bitcoin is far from competitive: 6 dollars on average per transaction in 2024.

是否要保留诸如Visa，MasterCard或Mir（俄罗斯）等付款公司的利润？可能没有，因为比特币远非竞争力：2024年的每笔交易平均6美元。

Visa and Mastercard, for their part, take 0.3% on each card transaction (it’s much more outside of Europe and the United States). Their payments are therefore much cheaper in the overwhelming majority of cases.

签证和万事达卡在他们的角度上占0.3％（在欧洲和美国以外的纸牌交易中更多）。因此，在绝大多数案件中，他们的付款便宜得多。

Of course, it is possible to use the Lightning Network (LN). Fees are 0.02% on average for transactions valued between 100 and 1000 euros. It’s 0.24% for transactions between 1 and 10 euros.

当然，可以使用闪电网络（LN）。价值100至1000欧元的交易平均费用为0.02％。 1至10欧元之间的交易为0.24％。

Unfortunately, we would have difficulty using the Lightning Network simultaneously. The reason being that depositing bitcoins into your LN wallet requires first completing an “on-chain” transaction.

不幸的是，我们很难同时使用闪电网络。原因是将比特币存入您的LN钱包需要首先完成“链”交易。

In other words, it would take 50 years for each human to make a single transaction… Transaction fees would explode with every enthusiasm for the LN, preventing any lasting enthusiasm.

换句话说，每个人都需要50年才能进行一次交易……交易费用会以每种对LN的热情爆炸，从而阻止任何持久的热情。

So there is not much to fear. Bitcoin can only remain a marginal payment currency due to the limit of 1 MB per block, which is at the heart of its decentralization.

因此，没有什么可恐惧的。比特币只能保持边际支付货币，这是由于每块1 MB的限制，这是其权力下放的核心。

Moreover, bitcoin cannot replace banks. For that to happen, governments would first have to agree to abandon their money printing presses. Unlikely, but let’s assume that’s the case.

此外，比特币无法替代银行。为此，政府首先必须同意放弃其金钱印刷机。不太可能，但假设就是这样。

Can Bitcoin Replace the Fiat System?

比特币可以替代法定系统吗？

Let’s imagine bitcoin is the one and only currency on earth. Let’s engage in a thought experiment by asking how to finance the six EPRs for which the bill is estimated at 70 billion euros.

让我们想象比特币是地球上唯一的货币。让我们通过询问如何为该法案估计为700亿欧元的六个EPR筹集资金，从事思想实验。

Under normal circumstances, EDF would go to borrow from BNP Paribas, which would create these billions ex nihilo. These billions would then be destroyed as EDF repays them (except for interest, of course). That is the functioning of the “fiat system”.

在正常情况下，EDF将从法国巴黎银行（BNP Paribas）借用，这将创造这十亿个前Nihilo。随着EDF的偿还，这十亿人将被摧毁（当然是利益除外）。那就是“法定系统”的功能。

But how to do that if the amount of money in circulation is fixed? How to find the equivalent of 70 billion in BTC? It would literally require persuading 7 million French people to each lend the equivalent of 10,000 euros for 15 years.

但是，如果固定流通的金额，该怎么办？如何在BTC中找到相当于700亿的等效物？从字面上看，这将要求说服700万法国人在15年内借出相当于10,000欧元的价格。

The scaling-up seems very difficult. Creating money ex nihilo appears essential for any complex society.

扩展似乎很困难。对于任何复杂的社会来说，创造资金都是尼希洛（Nihilo）都是必不可少的。

Not to mention the energy resources. Standard of living = Productivity = machines = energy (and especially oil). Without the abundant and inexpensive energy that productivity requires, wages cannot keep up with inflation exacerbated by the overflowing debts of governments.

更不用说能源。生活水平=生产力=机器=能量（尤其是石油）。没有生产力所需的丰富和廉价的能源，工资就无法跟上政府债务溢出的债务加剧的通货膨胀加剧。

All this to say that central bankers have nothing to fear from bitcoin. Its low transaction throughput and fixed money supply prevent it from replacing payment companies and banks. Its superiority lies elsewhere.

所有这些都说中央银行者对比特币没有什么可怕的东西。其低交易吞吐量和固定的货币供应无法取代支付公司和银行。它的优势在其他地方。

Above all, bitcoin allows one to protect against inflation, which disproportionately affects those who cannot afford rare assets like premium real estate.

最重要的是，比特币允许人们防止通货膨胀，这对那些负担不起诸如Premium Real Estate这样的稀有资产的人，这不成比例。

Conversely, anyone can appropriate the best store of value in the history of humanity (bitcoin). It doesn’t matter whether you have a million euros, 10,000 euros, 1,000 euros, or 100 euros in savings.

相反，任何人都可以在人类历史上（比特币）中妥善保留最佳价值存储。您有一百万欧元，10,000欧元，1,000欧元还是100欧元的储蓄都没关系。

Bitcoin is poised to become the universal reserve currency. And that’s already a lot! Don’t miss our article: Bitcoin – Soon a Russian strategic reserve?

比特币有望成为普遍的储备货币。那已经很多了！不要错过我们的文章：比特币 - 很快是俄罗斯战略储备吗？