比特幣仍然使中央銀行家感到恐懼

雖然歐洲中央銀行對比特幣仍然苛刻，但俄羅斯卻沒有落後。它的總統埃爾維拉·納比利娜（Elvira Nabioullina）建議“為最富有的人保留它”，

The president of the Russian central bank has been met with amusement for trying to put limits on bitcoin.

俄羅斯中央銀行的總統因試圖對比特幣施加限製而感到興奮。

Elvira Nabioullina proposes to “reserve it for the wealthiest individuals,” in a context where the gap between the EU and the United States regarding bitcoin is widening.

在歐盟與美國關於比特幣之間的差距正在擴大的情況下，Elvira Nabioullina建議“為最富有的人保留它”。

This is reported by the Moscow Times about the international payments that the Russian central bank is making in bitcoins to circumvent the Western financial embargo. Bitcoin is proving to be a very valuable ally while waiting for international tensions to ease.

《莫斯科時報》報導了俄羅斯中央銀行在比特幣中進行的國際付款，以規避西方金融禁運。在等待國際緊張局勢緩解時，比特幣被證明是非常有價值的盟友。

These BTC payments are open to banks, insurance companies, and investment funds. However, individuals need an annual income exceeding 50 million rubles ($580,000) to benefit from it.

這些BTC付款向銀行，保險公司和投資基金開放。但是，個人需要年收入超過5000萬盧布（$ 580,000）才能從中受益。

Of course, this restriction only concerns this “experimental system” hijacked by the central bank. Buying bitcoins is absolutely not prohibited in Russia. That said, businesses are not allowed to accept it as payment.

當然，這種限制只涉及中央銀行劫持的“實驗系統”。在俄羅斯絕對不禁止購買比特幣。也就是說，不允許企業接受它作為付款。

Like Christine Lagarde, for whom bitcoin is “a way out,” Elvira Nabioullina prefers the CBDC. It has existed since last year, but nobody is using it.

像克里斯汀·拉加德（Christine Lagarde）一樣，比特幣是“出路”，Elvira Nabioullina也更喜歡CBDC。它自去年以來就已經存在，但是沒有人使用它。

This distrust contrasts with the opinion of Vladimir Putin, who stated a few months ago:

這種不信任與幾個月前說的弗拉基米爾·普京（Vladimir Putin）的看法形成鮮明對比：

“Who can ban bitcoin? No one. Whatever happens to the dollar, these new technologies will develop in one way or another.”

“誰能禁止比特幣？沒有人。美元發生什麼事，這些新技術將以一種或另一種方式發展。”

What’s the Point of Banning BTC Payments?

禁止BTC付款的重點是什麼？

Is it to preserve the margins of payment companies like Visa, Mastercard, or MIR (Russia)? Probably not, since bitcoin is far from competitive: 6 dollars on average per transaction in 2024.

是否要保留諸如Visa，MasterCard或Mir（俄羅斯）等付款公司的利潤？可能沒有，因為比特幣遠非競爭力：2024年的每筆交易平均6美元。

Visa and Mastercard, for their part, take 0.3% on each card transaction (it’s much more outside of Europe and the United States). Their payments are therefore much cheaper in the overwhelming majority of cases.

簽證和萬事達卡在他們的角度上佔0.3％（在歐洲和美國以外的紙牌交易中更多）。因此，在絕大多數案件中，他們的付款便宜得多。

Of course, it is possible to use the Lightning Network (LN). Fees are 0.02% on average for transactions valued between 100 and 1000 euros. It’s 0.24% for transactions between 1 and 10 euros.

當然，可以使用閃電網絡（LN）。價值100至1000歐元的交易平均費用為0.02％。 1至10歐元之間的交易為0.24％。

Unfortunately, we would have difficulty using the Lightning Network simultaneously. The reason being that depositing bitcoins into your LN wallet requires first completing an “on-chain” transaction.

不幸的是，我們很難同時使用閃電網絡。原因是將比特幣存入您的LN錢包需要首先完成“鏈”交易。

In other words, it would take 50 years for each human to make a single transaction… Transaction fees would explode with every enthusiasm for the LN, preventing any lasting enthusiasm.

換句話說，每個人都需要50年才能進行一次交易……交易費用會以每種對LN的熱情爆炸，從而阻止任何持久的熱情。

So there is not much to fear. Bitcoin can only remain a marginal payment currency due to the limit of 1 MB per block, which is at the heart of its decentralization.

因此，沒有什麼可恐懼的。比特幣只能保持邊際支付貨幣，這是由於每塊1 MB的限制，這是其權力下放的核心。

Moreover, bitcoin cannot replace banks. For that to happen, governments would first have to agree to abandon their money printing presses. Unlikely, but let’s assume that’s the case.

此外，比特幣無法替代銀行。為此，政府首先必須同意放棄其金錢印刷機。不太可能，但假設就是這樣。

Can Bitcoin Replace the Fiat System?

比特幣可以替代法定係統嗎？

Let’s imagine bitcoin is the one and only currency on earth. Let’s engage in a thought experiment by asking how to finance the six EPRs for which the bill is estimated at 70 billion euros.

讓我們想像比特幣是地球上唯一的貨幣。讓我們通過詢問如何為該法案估計為700億歐元的六個EPR籌集資金，從事思想實驗。

Under normal circumstances, EDF would go to borrow from BNP Paribas, which would create these billions ex nihilo. These billions would then be destroyed as EDF repays them (except for interest, of course). That is the functioning of the “fiat system”.

在正常情況下，EDF將從法國巴黎銀行（BNP Paribas）借用，這將創造這十億個前Nihilo。隨著EDF的償還，這十億人將被摧毀（當然是利益除外）。那就是“法定係統”的功能。

But how to do that if the amount of money in circulation is fixed? How to find the equivalent of 70 billion in BTC? It would literally require persuading 7 million French people to each lend the equivalent of 10,000 euros for 15 years.

但是，如果固定流通的金額，該怎麼辦？如何在BTC中找到相當於700億的等效物？從字面上看，這將要求說服700萬法國人在15年內借出相當於10,000歐元的價格。

The scaling-up seems very difficult. Creating money ex nihilo appears essential for any complex society.

擴展似乎很困難。對於任何復雜的社會來說，創造資金都是尼希洛（Nihilo）都是必不可少的。

Not to mention the energy resources. Standard of living = Productivity = machines = energy (and especially oil). Without the abundant and inexpensive energy that productivity requires, wages cannot keep up with inflation exacerbated by the overflowing debts of governments.

更不用說能源。生活水平=生產力=機器=能量（尤其是石油）。沒有生產力所需的豐富和廉價的能源，工資就無法跟上政府債務溢出的債務加劇的通貨膨脹加劇。

All this to say that central bankers have nothing to fear from bitcoin. Its low transaction throughput and fixed money supply prevent it from replacing payment companies and banks. Its superiority lies elsewhere.

所有這些都說中央銀行者對比特幣沒有什麼可怕的東西。其低交易吞吐量和固定的貨幣供應無法取代支付公司和銀行。它的優勢在其他地方。

Above all, bitcoin allows one to protect against inflation, which disproportionately affects those who cannot afford rare assets like premium real estate.

最重要的是，比特幣允許人們防止通貨膨脹，這對那些負擔不起諸如Premium Real Estate這樣的稀有資產的人，這不成比例。

Conversely, anyone can appropriate the best store of value in the history of humanity (bitcoin). It doesn’t matter whether you have a million euros, 10,000 euros, 1,000 euros, or 100 euros in savings.

相反，任何人都可以在人類歷史上（比特幣）中妥善保留最佳價值存儲。您有一百萬歐元，10,000歐元，1,000歐元還是100歐元的儲蓄都沒關係。

Bitcoin is poised to become the universal reserve currency. And that’s already a lot! Don’t miss our article: Bitcoin – Soon a Russian strategic reserve?

比特幣有望成為普遍的儲備貨幣。那已經很多了！不要錯過我們的文章：比特幣 - 很快是俄羅斯戰略儲備嗎？