比特币符文开启了比特币领域的创新新领域

2024 年 4 月推出的比特币符文彻底改变了比特币区块链上的代币创建。与其前身 BRC-20 代币和比特币序号不同，符文简化了可替代代币的开发、缓解网络拥塞并利用比特币的固有功能。该协议利用 UTXO 和 OP_RETURN 操作码将独特的数字资产分配给 UTXO，从而创建符文。通过将符文余额存储在 UTXO 中，这种创新方法最大限度地减少了不需要的“垃圾”UTXO，并提高了交易效率。

Bitcoin Runes: Unveiling the Next Frontier in Bitcoin Innovation

比特币符文：揭开比特币创新的下一个前沿

Introduction: Opening the Door to Fungible Tokens on the Bitcoin Blockchain

简介：打开比特币区块链上可替代代币的大门

Bitcoin, the trailblazing cryptocurrency, has gained widespread recognition as a digital store of value, underpinned by its core principles of decentralization and blockchain technology. With its inception, Bitcoin's enigmatic creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, introduced an open-source distributed network featuring a shared ledger, known as the blockchain, that meticulously records every transaction.

比特币是一种开创性的加密货币，在其去中心化和区块链技术的核心原则的支撑下，作为一种数字价值储存手段已获得广泛认可。自比特币诞生以来，神秘的创造者中本聪就推出了一个开源分布式网络，该网络具有共享账本（称为区块链），它会仔细记录每笔交易。

As Bitcoin's popularity soared, establishing it as the dominant crypto asset by market capitalization, the limitations imposed by its scripting language hindered the development of smart contracts and other fungible tokens. This paved the way for alternative blockchain networks like Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, Polkadot, and others to flourish, providing developers with a platform to create decentralized applications (DApps) and a more adaptable environment that catered to a broader audience.

随着比特币的受欢迎程度飙升，使其成为市值占主导地位的加密资产，其脚本语言所施加的限制阻碍了智能合约和其他可替代代币的发展。这为以太坊、Solana、Cardano、Polkadot 等替代区块链网络的蓬勃发展铺平了道路，为开发人员提供了一个创建去中心化应用程序 (DApp) 的平台和一个适应更广泛受众的更具适应性的环境。

However, this landscape underwent a transformative shift in 2023 with the introduction of BRC-20 tokens, followed by the pivotal release of Bitcoin Runes in April 2024. These advancements unlocked the potential for the direct creation of fungible tokens and community-driven projects within the Bitcoin ecosystem itself.

然而，随着 BRC-20 代币的推出，以及随后在 2024 年 4 月发布的比特币符文的关键发布，这一格局在 2023 年经历了变革性转变。这些进步释放了直接创建可替代代币和社区驱动项目的潜力。比特币生态系统本身。

A Paradigm Shift: Bitcoin Runes vs. BRC-20 Tokens and Bitcoin Ordinals

范式转变：比特币符文与 BRC-20 代币和比特币序数

To fully grasp the significance of the Runes protocol, it is essential to delve into the nuances of Bitcoin Ordinals and the BRC-20 token standard.

为了充分理解 Runes 协议的重要性，有必要深入研究比特币序数和 BRC-20 代币标准的细微差别。

Bitcoin Ordinals: Inscribing Data onto the Blockchain

比特币序数：将数据写入区块链

Bitcoin Ordinals, introduced on the Bitcoin mainnet on January 20, 2023 by Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor, represented a monumental milestone in the evolution of tokenization on the Bitcoin blockchain. This protocol empowered users to inscribe diverse data types – text, images, videos, and even smart contracts – directly onto the Bitcoin blockchain. Ordinals, also referred to as Bitcoin nonfungible tokens (NFTs), sparked immense interest within the cryptocurrency community, eliciting a combination of enthusiasm and skepticism.

比特币序号由比特币开发者 Casey Rodarmor 于 2023 年 1 月 20 日在比特币主网上推出，代表了比特币区块链代币化发展的一个里程碑。该协议使用户能够将不同的数据类型——文本、图像、视频，甚至智能合约——直接写入比特币区块链上。序号，也称为比特币非同质代币（NFT），在加密货币社区中引发了巨大的兴趣，引发了热情和怀疑的结合。

The genesis of Ordinals was made possible by pivotal upgrades to the Bitcoin network, namely the 2017 Segregated Witness (SegWit) upgrade and the 2021 Taproot upgrade. These enhancements expanded Bitcoin's smart contract capabilities by enabling the inscription of substantial data volumes onto the blockchain. Inscriptions essentially refer to information embedded within satoshis, the indivisible units of Bitcoin.

Ordinals 的诞生是通过比特币网络的关键升级实现的，即 2017 年隔离见证 (SegWit) 升级和 2021 年 Taproot 升级。这些增强功能通过将大量数据写入区块链来扩展比特币的智能合约功能。铭文本质上是指嵌入在聪（比特币不可分割的单位）中的信息。

Ordinals introduced an innovative approach to imbue Bitcoin with additional utility and value beyond its role as a store of value. This unique method of inscribing data onto satoshis allowed for the creation of Bitcoin NFTs, adding a new layer of functionality to the network and facilitating the creation, ownership, and secure transfer of unique digital assets on the blockchain.

Ordinals 引入了一种创新方法，为比特币赋予其价值储存之外的额外效用和价值。这种将数据写入聪的独特方法允许创建比特币 NFT，为网络添加新的功能层，并促进区块链上独特数字资产的创建、所有权和安全转移。

BRC-20 Tokens: Bringing Fungibility to the Bitcoin Network

BRC-20 代币：为比特币网络带来可替代性

In the wake of the Ordinals phenomenon, the BRC-20 standard emerged in early March 2023, courtesy of Domo, a pseudonymous developer. Mirroring the ERC-20 standard on Ethereum, the BRC-20 token standard enabled the generation and transfer of fungible tokens directly on the Bitcoin network via Ordinal inscriptions.

在 Ordinals 现象之后，BRC-20 标准于 2023 年 3 月上旬出现，由匿名开发者 Domo 提供。 BRC-20 代币标准反映了以太坊上的 ERC-20 标准，可以通过序数铭文直接在比特币网络上生成和转移可替代代币。

Within a short span of three months, BRC-20 tokens experienced an exponential surge, propelling their market capitalization to an astounding $1 billion. However, this rapid growth came with a caveat: network congestion. The excessive production of unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) resulting from BRC-20 token transactions clogged the network.

在短短三个月内，BRC-20 代币经历了指数级飙升，将其市值推至惊人的 10 亿美元。然而，这种快速增长也带来了一个警告：网络拥塞。 BRC-20 代币交易导致的未花费交易输出（UTXO）的过量产生堵塞了网络。

UTXOs, analogous to the change received after a cash purchase, represent the residual BTC amounts following a transaction.

UTXO 类似于现金购买后收到的找零，代表交易后剩余的 BTC 金额。

Bitcoin Runes: Streamlining Fungible Token Creation

比特币符文：简化同质代币的创建

Bitcoin Runes emerged with a clear mission: to simplify the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain while mitigating challenges such as the UTXO bloat caused by BRC-20 tokens. The Runes protocol leverages a novel approach: it begins each transaction by identifying unspent UTXOs – akin to gathering spare change – and then harnesses them to generate new transactions.

Bitcoin Runes 的出现有一个明确的使命：简化比特币区块链上可替代代币的创建，同时缓解 BRC-20 代币造成的 UTXO 膨胀等挑战。 Runes 协议采用了一种新颖的方法：它通过识别未使用的 UTXO（类似于收集备用零钱）来开始每笔交易，然后利用它们生成新交易。

The Mechanics of Bitcoin Runes: A Deeper Dive

比特币符文的机制：更深入的探讨

At its core, the Runes protocol leverages Bitcoin's UTXO model and the OP_RETURN opcode to simplify the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain. Each Rune, a unique digital asset, is assigned to a UTXO via a protocol message containing specific details such as the Rune ID, output index, and amount, all securely stored in an OP_RETURN output.

Runes 协议的核心是利用比特币的 UTXO 模型和 OP_RETURN 操作码来简化比特币区块链上可替代代币的创建。每个符文是一种独特的数字资产，通过包含特定详细信息（例如符文 ID、输出索引和金额）的协议消息分配给 UTXO，所有这些信息都安全地存储在 OP_RETURN 输出中。

In contrast to protocols that rely on off-chain data or specialized tokens, the Runes protocol fully exploits Bitcoin's inherent capabilities for on-chain data storage. This approach effectively minimizes the proliferation of undesirable "junk" UTXOs, which can lead to network congestion, slower transaction speeds, increased transaction costs, and reduced reliability.

与依赖链下数据或专用代币的协议相比，Runes 协议充分利用了比特币固有的链上数据存储功能。这种方法有效地最大限度地减少了不良“垃圾”UTXO 的扩散，这些垃圾可能导致网络拥塞、交易速度变慢、交易成本增加和可靠性降低。

Furthermore, Rune balances are meticulously tracked within UTXOs rather than being linked to wallet addresses. Runes are seamlessly transferred using Bitcoin transactions with OP_RETURN outputs that specify the transfer details.

此外，符文余额在 UTXO 中被仔细跟踪，而不是链接到钱包地址。使用带有指定传输详细信息的 OP_RETURN 输出的比特币交易无缝传输符文。

Runes can be "etched" (created), "minted" (generated), and "transferred" using "runestones," essentially messages stored in Bitcoin transaction outputs. Etching involves establishing properties such as name, divisibility, and symbol. Minting generates new tokens based on predefined etched properties. Transferring Runes entails edicts that specify transfer details, such as output number, Rune ID, and amount.

符文可以使用“符文石”“蚀刻”（创建）、“铸造”（生成）和“转移”，本质上是存储在比特币交易输出中的消息。蚀刻涉及建立名称、整除性和符号等属性。铸造根据预定义的蚀刻属性生成新的代币。转移符文需要指定转移详细信息的法令，例如输出编号、符文 ID 和金额。

Acquiring Bitcoin Runes: A Step-by-Step Guide

获取比特币符文：分步指南

It is important to note that the Bitcoin Runes protocol does not issue its own distinct token. Additionally, it is crucial to avoid confusing it with THORChain's RUNE (RUNE) token, a separate cryptocurrency used within the THORChain ecosystem.

值得注意的是，比特币符文协议并不发行自己独特的代币。此外，避免将其与 THORChain 的 RUNE (RUNE) 代币混淆至关重要，后者是 THORChain 生态系统中使用的一种单独的加密货币。

For those seeking to purchase or sell Runes, the following steps provide a comprehensive guide:

对于那些寻求购买或出售符文的人，以下步骤提供了全面的指南：

Step 1: Selecting a Compatible Bitcoin Wallet

第 1 步：选择兼容的比特币钱包

The first step involves choosing a Bitcoin wallet that supports Runes. XVerse and Magic Eden are reputable wallet options to consider.

第一步是选择支持符文的比特币钱包。 XVerse 和 Magic Eden 是值得考虑的信誉良好的钱包选择。

Step 2: Acquiring BTC

第二步：获取比特币

As the Runes protocol operates on the Bitcoin network, it is essential to possess BTC to transmit Runes and cover transaction fees.

由于符文协议运行在比特币网络上，因此必须拥有 BTC 来传输符文并支付交易费用。

Step 3: Connecting to a Marketplace

第 3 步：连接到市场

To engage in Rune transactions, connect to a marketplace that supports Runes, such as UniSat, OKX, or Magic Eden. Explore Runes projects, assess their trading activity (including trading volume, order book, and price history), familiarize yourself with any applicable fees, and proceed with trading.

要进行符文交易，请连接到支持符文的市场，例如 UniSat、OKX 或 Magic Eden。探索 Runes 项目，评估其交易活动（包括交易量、订单簿和价格历史记录），熟悉任何适用的费用，然后继续交易。

It is worth noting that individuals cannot purchase individual Runes; instead, they are acquired in "bags," typically with a minimum purchase of 100 Runes. This dynamic may evolve in the future.

值得注意的是，个人无法购买单独的符文；相反，它们是通过“袋子”获得的，通常至少购买 100 个符文。这种动态可能会在未来发生变化。

The Future of Bitcoin's DeFi Ecosystem: A Promising Horizon

比特币 DeFi 生态系统的未来：充满希望的前景

The Bitcoin decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem exudes immense promise, propelled by significant technological advancements. Taproot, implemented in 2021,

在重大技术进步的推动下，比特币去中心化金融（DeFi）生态系统散发着巨大的希望。 Taproot，于 2021 年实施，