比特幣符文開啟了比特幣領域的創新新領域

2024 年 4 月推出的比特幣符文徹底改變了比特幣區塊鏈上的代幣創建。與其前身 BRC-20 代幣和比特幣序號不同，符文簡化了可替代代幣的開發、緩解網路擁塞並利用比特幣的固有功能。該協議利用 UTXO 和 OP_RETURN 操作碼將獨特的數位資產分配給 UTXO，從而創建符文。透過將符文餘額儲存在 UTXO 中，這種創新方法最大限度地減少了不必要的「垃圾」UTXO，並提高了交易效率。

Bitcoin Runes: Unveiling the Next Frontier in Bitcoin Innovation

比特幣符文：揭開比特幣創新的下一個前沿

Introduction: Opening the Door to Fungible Tokens on the Bitcoin Blockchain

簡介：打開比特幣區塊鏈上可取代代幣的大門

Bitcoin, the trailblazing cryptocurrency, has gained widespread recognition as a digital store of value, underpinned by its core principles of decentralization and blockchain technology. With its inception, Bitcoin's enigmatic creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, introduced an open-source distributed network featuring a shared ledger, known as the blockchain, that meticulously records every transaction.

比特幣是一種開創性的加密貨幣，在其去中心化和區塊鏈技術的核心原則的支撐下，作為一種數位價值儲存手段已獲得廣泛認可。自從比特幣誕生以來，神秘的創造者中本聰就推出了一個開源分散式網絡，該網絡具有共享帳本（稱為區塊鏈），它會仔細記錄每筆交易。

As Bitcoin's popularity soared, establishing it as the dominant crypto asset by market capitalization, the limitations imposed by its scripting language hindered the development of smart contracts and other fungible tokens. This paved the way for alternative blockchain networks like Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, Polkadot, and others to flourish, providing developers with a platform to create decentralized applications (DApps) and a more adaptable environment that catered to a broader audience.

隨著比特幣的受歡迎程度飆升，使其成為市值占主導地位的加密資產，其腳本語言所施加的限制阻礙了智能合約和其他可替代代幣的發展。這為以太坊、Solana、Cardano、Polkadot 等替代區塊鏈網路的蓬勃發展鋪平了道路，為開發人員提供了一個創建去中心化應用程式(DApp) 的平台和一個適應更廣泛受眾的更具適應性的環境。

However, this landscape underwent a transformative shift in 2023 with the introduction of BRC-20 tokens, followed by the pivotal release of Bitcoin Runes in April 2024. These advancements unlocked the potential for the direct creation of fungible tokens and community-driven projects within the Bitcoin ecosystem itself.

然而，隨著BRC-20 代幣的推出，以及隨後在2024 年4 月發布的比特幣符文的關鍵發布，這一格局在2023 年經歷了變革性轉變。幣和社區驅動項目的潛力。

A Paradigm Shift: Bitcoin Runes vs. BRC-20 Tokens and Bitcoin Ordinals

典範轉移：比特幣符文與 BRC-20 代幣與比特幣序數

To fully grasp the significance of the Runes protocol, it is essential to delve into the nuances of Bitcoin Ordinals and the BRC-20 token standard.

為了充分理解 Runes 協議的重要性，有必要深入研究比特幣序數和 BRC-20 代幣標準的細微差別。

Bitcoin Ordinals: Inscribing Data onto the Blockchain

比特幣序數：將資料寫入區塊鏈

Bitcoin Ordinals, introduced on the Bitcoin mainnet on January 20, 2023 by Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor, represented a monumental milestone in the evolution of tokenization on the Bitcoin blockchain. This protocol empowered users to inscribe diverse data types – text, images, videos, and even smart contracts – directly onto the Bitcoin blockchain. Ordinals, also referred to as Bitcoin nonfungible tokens (NFTs), sparked immense interest within the cryptocurrency community, eliciting a combination of enthusiasm and skepticism.

比特幣序號由比特幣開發者 Casey Rodarmor 於 2023 年 1 月 20 日在比特幣主網上推出，代表了比特幣區塊鏈代幣化發展的里程碑。該協議使用戶能夠將不同的數據類型——文字、圖像、視頻，甚至是智能合約——直接寫入比特幣區塊鏈上。序號，也稱為比特幣非同質代幣（NFT），在加密貨幣社群中引發了巨大的興趣，引發了熱情和懷疑的結合。

The genesis of Ordinals was made possible by pivotal upgrades to the Bitcoin network, namely the 2017 Segregated Witness (SegWit) upgrade and the 2021 Taproot upgrade. These enhancements expanded Bitcoin's smart contract capabilities by enabling the inscription of substantial data volumes onto the blockchain. Inscriptions essentially refer to information embedded within satoshis, the indivisible units of Bitcoin.

Ordinals 的誕生是透過比特幣網路的關鍵升級實現的，即 2017 年隔離見證 (SegWit) 升級和 2021 年 Taproot 升級。這些增強功能透過將大量資料寫入區塊鏈來擴展比特幣的智慧合約功能。銘文本質上是指嵌入在聰（比特幣不可分割的單位）中的信息。

Ordinals introduced an innovative approach to imbue Bitcoin with additional utility and value beyond its role as a store of value. This unique method of inscribing data onto satoshis allowed for the creation of Bitcoin NFTs, adding a new layer of functionality to the network and facilitating the creation, ownership, and secure transfer of unique digital assets on the blockchain.

Ordinals 引入了一種創新方法，為比特幣賦予其價值儲存之外的額外效用和價值。這種將資料寫入聰的獨特方法允許創建比特幣 NFT，為網路添加新的功能層，並促進區塊鏈上獨特數位資產的創建、所有權和安全轉移。

BRC-20 Tokens: Bringing Fungibility to the Bitcoin Network

BRC-20 代幣：為比特幣網路帶來可替代性

In the wake of the Ordinals phenomenon, the BRC-20 standard emerged in early March 2023, courtesy of Domo, a pseudonymous developer. Mirroring the ERC-20 standard on Ethereum, the BRC-20 token standard enabled the generation and transfer of fungible tokens directly on the Bitcoin network via Ordinal inscriptions.

在 Ordinals 現象之後，BRC-20 標準於 2023 年 3 月初出現，由匿名開發者 Domo 提供。 BRC-20 代幣標準反映了以太坊上的 ERC-20 標準，可以透過序數銘文直接在比特幣網路上產生和轉移可替代代幣。

Within a short span of three months, BRC-20 tokens experienced an exponential surge, propelling their market capitalization to an astounding $1 billion. However, this rapid growth came with a caveat: network congestion. The excessive production of unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) resulting from BRC-20 token transactions clogged the network.

在短短三個月內，BRC-20 代幣經歷了指數級飆升，將其市值推至驚人的 10 億美元。然而，這種快速成長也帶來了一個警告：網路擁塞。 BRC-20 代幣交易導致的未花費交易輸出（UTXO）的過度產生堵塞了網路。

UTXOs, analogous to the change received after a cash purchase, represent the residual BTC amounts following a transaction.

UTXO 類似於現金購買後收到的找零，代表交易後剩餘的 BTC 金額。

Bitcoin Runes: Streamlining Fungible Token Creation

比特幣符文：簡化同質代幣的創建

Bitcoin Runes emerged with a clear mission: to simplify the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain while mitigating challenges such as the UTXO bloat caused by BRC-20 tokens. The Runes protocol leverages a novel approach: it begins each transaction by identifying unspent UTXOs – akin to gathering spare change – and then harnesses them to generate new transactions.

Bitcoin Runes 的出現有一個明確的使命：簡化比特幣區塊鏈上可替代代幣的創建，同時緩解 BRC-20 代幣造成的 UTXO 膨脹等挑戰。 Runes 協議採用了一種新穎的方法：它透過識別未使用的 UTXO（類似於收集備用零錢）來開始每筆交易，然後利用它們產生新交易。

The Mechanics of Bitcoin Runes: A Deeper Dive

比特幣符文的機制：更深入的探討

At its core, the Runes protocol leverages Bitcoin's UTXO model and the OP_RETURN opcode to simplify the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain. Each Rune, a unique digital asset, is assigned to a UTXO via a protocol message containing specific details such as the Rune ID, output index, and amount, all securely stored in an OP_RETURN output.

Runes 協議的核心是利用比特幣的 UTXO 模型和 OP_RETURN 操作碼來簡化比特幣區塊鏈上可替代代幣的創建。每個符文是一種獨特的數位資產，透過包含特定詳細資訊（例如符文 ID、輸出索引和金額）的協議訊息分配給 UTXO，所有這些資訊都安全地儲存在 OP_RETURN 輸出中。

In contrast to protocols that rely on off-chain data or specialized tokens, the Runes protocol fully exploits Bitcoin's inherent capabilities for on-chain data storage. This approach effectively minimizes the proliferation of undesirable "junk" UTXOs, which can lead to network congestion, slower transaction speeds, increased transaction costs, and reduced reliability.

與依賴鏈下資料或專用代幣的協定相比，Runes 協定充分利用了比特幣固有的鏈上資料儲存功能。這種方法有效地最大限度地減少了不良「垃圾」UTXO 的擴散，這些垃圾可能導致網路擁塞、交易速度變慢、交易成本增加和可靠性降低。

Furthermore, Rune balances are meticulously tracked within UTXOs rather than being linked to wallet addresses. Runes are seamlessly transferred using Bitcoin transactions with OP_RETURN outputs that specify the transfer details.

此外，符文餘額在 UTXO 中被仔細跟踪，而不是連結到錢包位址。使用指定傳輸詳細資訊的 OP_RETURN 輸出的比特幣交易無縫傳輸符文。

Runes can be "etched" (created), "minted" (generated), and "transferred" using "runestones," essentially messages stored in Bitcoin transaction outputs. Etching involves establishing properties such as name, divisibility, and symbol. Minting generates new tokens based on predefined etched properties. Transferring Runes entails edicts that specify transfer details, such as output number, Rune ID, and amount.

符文可以使用“符文石”“蝕刻”（創建）、“鑄造”（生成）和“轉移”，本質上是存儲在比特幣交易輸出中的消息。蝕刻涉及建立名稱、整除性和符號等屬性。鑄造根據預先定義的蝕刻屬性產生新的代幣。轉移符文需要指定轉移詳細資訊的法令，例如輸出編號、符文 ID 和金額。

Acquiring Bitcoin Runes: A Step-by-Step Guide

取得比特幣符文：逐步指南

It is important to note that the Bitcoin Runes protocol does not issue its own distinct token. Additionally, it is crucial to avoid confusing it with THORChain's RUNE (RUNE) token, a separate cryptocurrency used within the THORChain ecosystem.

值得注意的是，比特幣符文協議並未發行自己獨特的代幣。此外，避免將其與 THORChain 的 RUNE (RUNE) 代幣混淆至關重要，後者是 THORChain 生態系統中使用的單獨的加密貨幣。

For those seeking to purchase or sell Runes, the following steps provide a comprehensive guide:

對於那些尋求購買或出售符文的人，以下步驟提供了全面的指南：

Step 1: Selecting a Compatible Bitcoin Wallet

第 1 步：選擇相容的比特幣錢包

The first step involves choosing a Bitcoin wallet that supports Runes. XVerse and Magic Eden are reputable wallet options to consider.

第一步是選擇支援符文的比特幣錢包。 XVerse 和 Magic Eden 是值得考慮的信譽良好的錢包選擇。

Step 2: Acquiring BTC

第二步：取得比特幣

As the Runes protocol operates on the Bitcoin network, it is essential to possess BTC to transmit Runes and cover transaction fees.

由於符文協議運行在比特幣網路上，因此必須擁有 BTC 來傳輸符文並支付交易費用。

Step 3: Connecting to a Marketplace

第 3 步：連接到市場

To engage in Rune transactions, connect to a marketplace that supports Runes, such as UniSat, OKX, or Magic Eden. Explore Runes projects, assess their trading activity (including trading volume, order book, and price history), familiarize yourself with any applicable fees, and proceed with trading.

要進行符文交易，請連接到支援符文的市場，例如 UniSat、OKX 或 Magic Eden。探索 Runes 項目，評估其交易活動（包括交易量、訂單簿和價格歷史記錄），熟悉任何適用的費用，然後繼續交易。

It is worth noting that individuals cannot purchase individual Runes; instead, they are acquired in "bags," typically with a minimum purchase of 100 Runes. This dynamic may evolve in the future.

值得注意的是，個人無法購買單獨的符文；相反，它們是透過「袋子」獲得的，通常至少購買 100 個符文。這種動態可能會在未來發生變化。

The Future of Bitcoin's DeFi Ecosystem: A Promising Horizon

比特幣 DeFi 生態系統的未來：充滿希望的前景

The Bitcoin decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem exudes immense promise, propelled by significant technological advancements. Taproot, implemented in 2021,

在重大技術進步的推動下，比特幣去中心化金融（DeFi）生態系統散發出巨大的希望。 Taproot，於 2021 年實施，