现在，随着国际货币基金组织的书籍和美国储备金中的比特币，全球加密货币是否报告进入新阶段？

国际货币基金组织决定正式考虑像比特币这样的数字资产的决定是在两个截然不同的国家（美国和萨尔瓦多）采取可见和象征性步骤的时候，将比特币固定在各自的财务策略之内。

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has included cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin (BTC), in its global economic reporting standards for the first time, integrating digital assets into the seventh edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM7).

国际货币基金组织（IMF）首次将包括比特币（BTC）在内的加密货币包括在内的全球经济报告标准中，将数字资产整合到第七版的支付手册（BPM7）。

Announced on March 20, the update to the BPM7, which is used by central banks and finance ministries to measure cross-border economic activity, follows a year of consultation with 160 countries.

在3月20日宣布的BPM7更新是在与160个国家 /地区进行了一年的磋商之后。

The manual sets out the statistical rules used to record trade flows, capital movements, and financial services in a comparable way across countries.

该手册列出了用来以可比方式记录贸易流，资本运动和金融服务的统计规则。

While the update does not grant any legal status to digital assets or provide any official backing, it represents a key step in how governments and international institutions will measure crypto-related activity.

虽然该更新并未授予数字资产的任何法律地位或提供任何官方支持，但它代表了政府和国际机构如何衡量与加密相关的活动的关键步骤。

Until now, trillions of dollars in yearly crypto transactions were either not recorded or inconsistently reported, leading to gaps in economic data and limited visibility into the true scale of crypto’s cross-border impact.

到目前为止，尚未记录或不一致的年度加密交易中的数万亿美元，导致经济数据差距和对加密货币跨境影响的真实规模有限。

BPM7 addresses this issue by providing clear definitions and accounting rules for different types of digital assets. As a result, Bitcoin, altcoins, stablecoins, staking rewards and even NFTs will now be tracked alongside other forms of capital flows, investments and services.

BPM7通过为不同类型的数字资产提供明确的定义和会计规则来解决此问题。结果，现在将与其他形式的资本流，投资和服务一起跟踪比特币，替代币，稳定奖，既定奖励，甚至NFTS。

How crypto now counts

加密现在如何计算

The BPM7 framework introduces a clear taxonomy for digital assets based on their structure, function and economic role, classifying them as either capital assets, financial instruments or service-related income depending on how they operate and whether they carry liabilities.

BPM7框架根据其结构，功能和经济作用引入了数字资产的明确分类，将其归类为资本资产，金融工具或与服务相关的收入，具体取决于它们的运作方式以及是否承担责任。

The first major change is the classification of decentralized cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. These are now recorded as non-produced, non-financial assets — a category that also includes land, natural resources and spectrum rights.

第一个主要变化是分散的加密货币等分类比特币。这些现在被记录为非生产的非财务资产，该类别还包括土地，自然资源和频谱权。

Bitcoin has no issuer, is not backed by reserves and doesn't represent a claim on anyone, making it fundamentally different from traditional financial instruments. When transferred across borders, Bitcoin is recorded in the capital account as an acquisition or disposal of a non-produced asset.

比特币没有发行人，不受储备金的支持，也不代表任何人的主张，这与传统金融工具根本不同。当跨境转移时，比特币被记录在资本帐户中，以获取或处置非生产资产。

Ethereum (ETH) and other smart contract-based tokens are treated differently. If they offer ownership, governance or yield-bearing features and the holder resides in a different country from the protocol's origin, they can be recorded as equity-like assets under the financial account.

以太坊（ETH）和其他基于智能合同的令牌的对待不同。如果他们提供所有权，治理或承重功能，而持有人则居住在与协议起源不同的国家中，则可以将其记录为金融帐户下的类似股票的资产。

For example, an investor in India holding Ripple (XRP) tokens tied to a U.S.-based validator set may have that position treated like foreign equity under international investment position (IIP) reporting, aligning crypto holdings with existing cross-border asset tracking norms.

例如，印度的投资者持有与总部位于美国验证者组合的职位的投资者（XRP）令牌可能在国际投资职位（IIP）报告下将其视为外国股权，将加密货币与现有的跨境资产跟踪规范保持一致。

Stablecoins such as Tether (USDT) or USD Coin (USDC) are recognized as financial instruments primarily because assets back them and they carry a liability from the issuer to the holder, placing them in the same category as traditional debt instruments or deposit-like assets depending on their structure.

固定币（例如Tether（USDT）或USD Coin（USDC））被公认为是金融工具，主要是因为资产退回资产，并且根据其结构，它们将发行人的责任从发行人到持有人承担与传统债务工具或类似存款样的资产的类别。

The manual also provides new guidance on crypto-related services. Mining, staking and validation are now treated as service production.

该手册还提供了有关加密相关服务的新指南。现在将采矿，积分和验证视为服务生产。

If these activities generate income across borders — such as staking rewards paid to validators in other countries — they are recorded under computer services exports or imports, mirroring how tech-enabled services like cloud computing or software development are handled in trade data.

如果这些活动在跨边界（例如向其他国家 /地区支付的验证者支付的存放奖励）产生收入，则将记录在计算机服务的出口或进口下，从而反映在贸易数据中如何处理诸如云计算或软件开发之类的技术服务。

In some cases, staking rewards may also be treated as investment income, comparable to dividends, particularly if the staking position resembles equity ownership.

在某些情况下，放入奖励也可能被视为投资收入，与股息相当，特别是如果股权与权益所有权相似。

Beyond classification, the manual sets a framework for consistency. Countries that previously lacked the tools or definitions to track crypto flows now have IMF-endorsed standards to follow.

除了分类之外，该手册还设定了一致性的框架。以前缺乏跟踪加密流的工具或定义的国家现在有了IMF认可的标准。

While implementation will depend on each country's statistical capacity, the guidelines establish a baseline for aligning crypto with broader macroeconomic data.

尽管实施将取决于每个国家的统计能力，但该指南为将加密货币与更广泛的宏观经济数据保持一致。

This matters most for countries where crypto usage is economically relevant. In Nigeria, for instance, over 35% of adults report using or owning crypto, according to a 2023 report by KuCoin.

这对于加密使用在经济上相关的国家最重要。例如，根据Kucoin的2023年报告，在尼日利亚，在尼日利亚，超过35％的成年人报告使用或拥有加密货币。

In El Salvador, where Bitcoin is a reserve asset, national reporting mechanisms for Bitcoin-related inflows remain underdeveloped.

在萨尔瓦多（El Salvador），比特币是储备资产，与比特币相关流入的国家报告机制仍然不发达。

These are exactly the cases where BPM7 provides much-needed structure.

这些正是BPM7提供了急需的结构的情况。

America hoards, El Salvador buys

美国硬党，萨尔瓦多买

The IMF's decision to formally account for digital assets like Bitcoin comes at a time when two very different nations — the U.S. and El Salvador — are taking visible and symbolic steps to anchor Bitcoin within their respective financial strategies.

国际货币基金组织决定正式考虑像比特币这样的数字资产的决定是在两个截然不同的国家（美国和萨尔瓦多）采取可见和象征性步骤的时候，将比特币固定在各自的财务策略之内。

While the IMF's manual focuses on statistical transparency, recent policy actions by both countries highlight how Bitcoin is becoming more than just a private-sector instrument, especially for governments that previously stood at opposite ends of the crypto spectrum.

尽管国际货币基金组织的手册侧重于统计透明度，但两国的最新政策行动强调了比特币如何成为一种不仅仅是一种私营部门的工具，尤其是对于以前站在加密货币相反的政府而言。

On March 6, just two weeks before the IMF published its revised BPM7 guidelines, President Donald Trump signed an executive order establishing a strategic Bitcoin reserve for the U.S.

3月6日，即国际货币基金组织发布其修订后的BPM7指南前两周，唐纳德·特朗普总统签署了一项行政命令，为美国建立了战略性比特币储备

For years, U.S. authorities focused on enforcement and regulatory oversight. Now, the federal government is officially committing to hold Bitcoin — at least the portion already seized through criminal and civil forfeitures.

多年来，美国当局致力于执法和监管监督。现在，联邦政府正式承诺持有比特币 - 至少已经通过刑事和民事没收抓住的部分。

According to estimates, the U.S. government currently controls approximately 200,000 BTC, mostly acquired through legal actions involving

据估计，美国政府目前控制着大约200,000 BTC，主要是通过涉及的法律行动来获得的