由于 BTC 工作面额成为问题，比特币 (BTC) 矿池考虑支付山寨币

全球最大的比特币 (BTC) 矿池运营商正在悄悄讨论 BTC 支付问题。尽管开采 BTC、保护 BTC 并以 BTC 赚取 100% 的收入，但矿池运营商有时会发现货币本身对于支付自己的工人来说很麻烦。

Operators of the world’s largest bitcoin (BTC) mining pools are quietly discussing a problem with BTC payouts. Despite mining BTC, securing BTC, and earning 100% of their revenue in BTC, pool operators are occasionally finding the currency itself to be cumbersome for paying their own workers.

全球最大的比特币 (BTC) 矿池运营商正在悄悄讨论 BTC 支付问题。尽管开采 BTC、保护 BTC 并以 BTC 赚取 100% 的收入，但矿池运营商有时会发现货币本身对于支付自己的工人来说很麻烦。

Although all major BTC mining pools pay for work in BTC currently, a few are warming up to the idea of an altcoin as a superior payment method.

尽管目前所有主要的 BTC 矿池都以 BTC 支付工作费用，但也有一些矿池开始热衷于将山寨币作为一种更好的支付方式。

For months, developers and pool managers have engaged in deep discussions on technical forums like Delving Bitcoin around electronic cash (“ecash”) token alternatives to mining pool payouts. One of the discussion leaders, vnprc, has proposed a new form of eHash tokens that represent “liabilities” that can be “audited” using a so-called “Proof-of-Liabilities” protocol by Calle.

几个月来，开发者和矿池管理者在《Delving Bitcoin》等技术论坛上围绕电子现金（“ecash”）代币替代矿池支付进行了深入讨论。讨论的领导者之一 vnprc 提出了一种新形式的 eHash 代币，它代表“负债”，可以使用 Calle 所谓的“负债证明”协议进行“审计”。

The irony of such a string of terms is apparent to any BTC maximalist: new token, new proof, and new protocol. BTC is supposed to be the preeminent peer-to-peer digital cash so why are developers busy inventing a new token to pay for pure BTC work?

对于任何 BTC 最大化主义者来说，这样一串术语的讽刺意义都是显而易见的：新代币、新证明和新协议。 BTC 应该是卓越的点对点数字现金，那么为什么开发商忙于发明一种新的代币来支付纯粹的 BTC 工作呢？

How bitcoin is burdening mining pool payouts

比特币如何给矿池支出带来负担

Participating in a mining pool is normally not as simple as contributing work and receiving a percentage of the coinbase reward and transaction fees whenever your pool mines a block. (Bitcoin’s coinbase reward is currently 3.125 BTC per 10-minute block, or about $325,000.)

参与矿池通常并不像贡献工作并在矿池开采一个区块时获得一定比例的 coinbase 奖励和交易费用那么简单。 （比特币的 coinbase 奖励目前为每 10 分钟区块 3.125 BTC，约合 325,000 美元。）

Unfortunately, pool operators face various idiosyncrasies with calculating miners’ level of computation, the pool’s costs since its last coinbase reward, and the inherent 10-minute transaction delays between Bitcoin blocks.

不幸的是，矿池运营商在计算矿工的计算水平、矿池自上次 Coinbase 奖励以来的成本以及比特币区块之间固有的 10 分钟交易延迟方面面临着各种特殊情况。

Altogether, these factors complicate an immediate BTC payout to pool members. Consider the delays necessitated by pool payout structures like PPLNS to illustrate this frustration.

总而言之，这些因素使得向矿池成员立即支付 BTC 变得更加复杂。考虑一下 PPLNS 等矿池支付结构所需的延迟就可以说明这种挫败感。

Within some pool payout schemes like pay per last N shares (PPLNS), a member might need to wait days or weeks for the pool to find additional blocks prior to receiving their first payout. As the name suggests, pay only occurs for the last shares of work that actually earned money for the pool.

在某些矿池支付方案中，例如按最后 N 股支付 (PPLNS)，成员可能需要等待数天或数周才能让矿池找到其他区块，然后才能收到第一笔支付。顾名思义，报酬仅针对实际为池赚钱的最后一部分工作。

While the pool waits to win blocks, its miners must also patiently wait for their payouts.

当矿池等待赢得区块时，矿工也必须耐心等待他们的支付。

Highly variable transaction fees also mean that affordable BTC payments might suddenly become unaffordable depending on the whims of the market, spikes in transaction fees, or hour of the day.

高度可变的交易费用还意味着，根据市场的变化、交易费用的飙升或一天中的时间，原本可以承受的比特币支付可能会突然变得难以承受。

Worse, the BTC denomination of mining work — which fluctuates rapidly in USD price, unlike electricity — means that pools can occasionally allocate templated work to their members with a massive BTC change in USD value by the time the pool actually gets lucky enough to win its coinbase reward.

更糟糕的是，挖矿工作的 BTC 计价——与电力不同，其美元价格波动很快——意味着矿池偶尔可以将模板工作分配给其成员，而当矿池真正有幸赢得其奖金时，美元价值的 BTC 会发生巨大变化。币库奖励。

Work for generous tips, win small tips

工作中获得丰厚的小费，赢得小额小费

The non-profit Bitcoin Optech illustrates this with an example of a pool that instructs its members to mine a template that would be worth 3.125 BTC coinbase plus a massive quantity of extra BTC worth of transaction fees.

非营利性的 Bitcoin Optech 举了一个矿池的例子来说明这一点，该矿池指示其成员挖掘一个价值 3.125 BTC 币库的模板，外加大量额外的 BTC 交易费用。

(Transaction fees are “tips” from BTC users to miners that incentivize inclusion of their transaction in the earliest block possible. It’s not unheard of for transaction fees to exceed 10X the value of the coinbase reward.)

（交易费用是 BTC 用户给矿工的“小费”，旨在激励他们的交易尽可能早地包含在区块中。交易费用超过 coinbase 奖励价值的 10 倍并非闻所未闻。）

Suppose that a member contributes substantial work on this template, expending energy and computation to hash 10% of that pool’s share of that block. That member might be hoping for 10% of that block’s, say, 30 or more BTC — a great payday.

假设某个成员在此模板上贡献了大量工作，花费能量和计算来哈希该池在该块中所占份额的 10%。该成员可能希望获得该区块的 10%，例如 30 或更多 BTC——这是一笔丰厚的发薪日。

Then, infuriatingly, another pool solves the mathematical puzzle for that same block and wins all of its coinbase and transaction fees. Suddenly, the member’s hoped-for 10% of 30 BTC is worth $0.

然后，令人愤怒的是，另一个矿池解决了同一个区块的数学难题，并赢得了所有的币库和交易费用。突然间，该会员所希望的 30 BTC 中的 10% 价值 0 美元。

Tragically, by the time that original member and its pool finally win their next block, transaction fees have cratered and the block they actually win is worth just four BTC — a far cry from 30.

可悲的是，当原始成员及其矿池最终赢得下一个区块时，交易费用已经大幅下降，而他们实际赢得的区块仅值 4 BTC——与 30 BTC 相差甚远。

In this case, many pool operators honor the original work assignment based on the old template that was worth 30 BTC and compensate workers from corporate reserves. (Over time, pool operators smoothe out payouts in this manner to avoid losing their workforce to other, more well-capitalized competitors.)

在这种情况下，许多矿池运营商根据旧模板兑现了原来的工作分配，价值 30 BTC，并从公司储备金中补偿工人。 （随着时间的推移，矿池运营商会以这种方式平滑支出，以避免将劳动力流失到其他资本更雄厚的竞争对手手中。）

However, this strategy is unsustainable in the long term if the pool operator assigns high-fee, BTC-denominated work that fluctuates too often to the downside by the time the pool actually wins its blocks.

然而，如果矿池运营商分配高额费用、以 BTC 计价的工作，而当矿池实际赢得区块时，这些工作经常会出现下行波动，那么从长远来看，这种策略是不可持续的。

Working on ecash

致力于电子现金

One apparent solution to this problem is a non-BTC token that might take the form of a redeemable “share” of BTC pool payouts. This crypto asset derivative might take the form of a “PPLNS ecash share” that is traded on a secondary market and is linked to the BTC held by pool operators.

这个问题的一个明显的解决方案是非 BTC 代币，它可能采取 BTC 矿池支出的可赎回“份额”的形式。这种加密资产衍生品可能采取“PPLNS ecash 份额”的形式，在二级市场上交易，并与矿池运营商持有的 BTC 挂钩。

Other proposals are also underway that offer features like faster transaction times, better liquidity, financeability, and other value propositions.

其他提案也在进行中，这些提案提供了更快的交易时间、更好的流动性、可融资性和其他价值主张等功能。