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一些专家表示,比特币 ATM 机在美国的数量正在迅速增长,而且网络犯罪威胁也正在迅速增长。处理比特币的 ATM 与现金类似:与任何其他 ATM 一样,都有 PIN 码来打卡并收取取款费用。
Bitcoin ATMs are rapidly becoming a common sight in the United States, but some experts say they also pose a growing cybercrime threat.
比特币 ATM 机在美国迅速成为常见现象,但一些专家表示,它们也构成了日益严重的网络犯罪威胁。
ATMs that deal in bitcoin are similar to their cash counterparts: they have PINs and withdrawal fees. But unlike cash ATMs, the high value of crypto makes them a prime target for hackers. A cash ATM tucked away between the snack cakes and energy drinks at a gas station may not draw much attention, but a bitcoin ATM gets more scrutiny from bad actors.
处理比特币的 ATM 机与现金 ATM 机类似:它们有 PIN 码和取款费用。但与现金 ATM 不同的是,加密货币的高价值使其成为黑客的主要目标。隐藏在加油站小吃蛋糕和能量饮料之间的现金 ATM 可能不会引起太多注意,但比特币 ATM 会受到不良行为者的更多审查。
"It's clear that these machines are particularly vulnerable to both physical and cyber threats, making them a prime target for hackers and thieves," said Timothy Bates, clinical professor of cybersecurity at the University of Michigan's College of Innovation and Technology.
密歇根大学创新与技术学院网络安全临床教授蒂莫西·贝茨 (Timothy Bates) 表示:“很明显,这些机器特别容易受到物理和网络威胁,这使它们成为黑客和窃贼的主要目标。”
Bitcoin ATMs can be susceptible to attacks where hackers install malware on the machines to capture private keys, steal funds, or manipulate transactions, which Bates said is "especially concerning for ATMs that may not receive regular software updates or security patches." Network vulnerabilities are also a weak spot. "If the machine's network communications are not adequately secured, attackers can intercept data transfers between the ATM and the server, leading to data theft or unauthorized access," Bates said.
比特币 ATM 可能容易受到黑客在机器上安装恶意软件以捕获私钥、窃取资金或操纵交易的攻击,贝茨表示,这“对于可能无法定期接收软件更新或安全补丁的 ATM 来说尤其令人担忧”。网络漏洞也是一个弱点。 “如果机器的网络通信没有得到充分的保护,攻击者就可以拦截 ATM 和服务器之间的数据传输,从而导致数据盗窃或未经授权的访问,”贝茨说。
Whether it's hackers or scammers, the government is sounding the alarm about bitcoin ATMs. The Federal Trade Commission reported this week that scam incidents have risen by 1,000% since 2020.
无论是黑客还是骗子,政府都在对比特币ATM机敲响警钟。美国联邦贸易委员会本周报告称,自 2020 年以来,诈骗事件增加了 1,000%。
Ironically, a bitcoin ATM's risks are directly related to its strengths, according to Joe Dobson, principal analyst at Mandiant, a Google Cloud-owned cybersecurity company. Bitcoin is decentralized, permission-less, and immutable. "A transaction cannot be reversed or recalled if funds are deposited to the wrong address," Dobson said. And while many crypto bulls find bitcoin's lack of governance appealing, that can be problematic in ATMs. "There is no governing body within bitcoin dictating who can or cannot run a bitcoin ATM, hence many independent organizations operate the ATMs," Dobson said.
谷歌云旗下网络安全公司 Mandiant 的首席分析师乔·多布森 (Joe Dobson) 表示,具有讽刺意味的是,比特币 ATM 机的风险与其优势直接相关。比特币是去中心化的、无需许可的且不可变的。多布森说:“如果资金存入错误的地址,交易就无法撤销或撤销。”尽管许多加密货币多头认为比特币缺乏治理很有吸引力,但这在 ATM 机上可能会出现问题。多布森说:“比特币内部没有管理机构规定谁可以或不能运行比特币 ATM,因此许多独立组织都在运营 ATM。”
There are also old criminal tricks that might be reversible in a traditional banking situation, but in the world of bitcoin, that is not so. For example, someone could maliciously slip their personal deposit slips into the stack at the bank, tricking folks into depositing money into their account. "A similar attack can happen with bitcoin ATMs," Dobson said. "If an attacker compromises a bitcoin ATM, they may change the receiving wallet address (or 'account number'), effectively stealing user funds."
还有一些古老的犯罪伎俩在传统银行业情况下可能是可逆转的,但在比特币世界中,情况并非如此。例如,有人可能会恶意地将个人存款单放入银行的堆栈中,欺骗人们将钱存入他们的帐户。 “比特币 ATM 机也可能发生类似的攻击,”多布森说。 “如果攻击者破坏了比特币 ATM,他们可能会更改接收钱包地址(或‘账号’),从而有效窃取用户资金。”
But in addition to old tricks, there are newer threats bitcoin ATMs introduce that cash ATMs do not face. Many bitcoin ATMs require personally identifiable information, such as an ID or even a Social Security number to comply with financial industry Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements. This information could be at risk if a bitcoin ATM is compromised.
但除了老把戏之外,比特币 ATM 还带来了现金 ATM 不会面临的新威胁。许多比特币 ATM 需要个人身份信息,例如 ID 甚至社会安全号码,以符合金融行业“了解您的客户”(KYC) 的要求。如果比特币 ATM 被盗,这些信息可能会面临风险。
In Middletown, Ohio, at the Middletown Food Mart in a hollowed-out end of town, a Bitcoin Depot ATM sits opposite a regular cash ATM, blending in among the potato chips, bottled water, and beer. Middletown's claim to fame lately is as the hometown of Donald Trump's running mate Ohio Senator J.D. Vance, who has refashioned himself, similar to Trump, as a pro-cryptocurrency warrior. The Middletown Food Mart sits across the street from where Vance grew up.
在俄亥俄州米德尔敦,在城镇尽头的米德尔敦食品市场,一台比特币仓库 ATM 机位于普通现金 ATM 机对面,里面混杂着薯片、瓶装水和啤酒。米德尔敦最近声名鹊起,是因为唐纳德·特朗普的竞选搭档、俄亥俄州参议员 JD·万斯 (JD Vance) 的家乡,他与特朗普一样,将自己重塑为支持加密货币的斗士。米德尔敦食品市场位于万斯长大的街对面。
'Elon Musk told me to do it.'
“埃隆·马斯克让我这么做。”
Sai Patel, whose family owns Middletown Food Mart, says the bitcoin ATM isn't very busy.
Sai Patel 的家族拥有 Middletown Food Mart,他表示比特币 ATM 机并不是很繁忙。
"Maybe once a month someone comes in to use it," Patel said. And if it is someone new, Patel will patiently explain how the machine works. He also keeps an eye out for unusual activity. Although the bitcoin ATM isn't exactly drawing crowds, Patel says a surprising number of senior citizens show up at the kiosk, alarming given the rise of bitcoin ATM scams targeting seniors.
“也许每个月都会有人来使用它,”帕特尔说。如果是新人,帕特尔会耐心地解释机器的工作原理。他还密切关注异常活动。尽管比特币 ATM 机并没有完全吸引人群,但 Patel 表示,出现在售货亭的老年人数量惊人,考虑到针对老年人的比特币 ATM 诈骗的兴起,这令人震惊。
"Elderly people come in and use it," Patel said.
“老年人进来使用它,”帕特尔说。
He described one encounter where an elderly woman entered his shop and headed for the bitcoin ATM, then attempted to send a lot of money somewhere but had questions about using the machine. When Patel asked the woman a few questions as to why, she said, "Elon Musk told me to do it." Patel quickly realized she had fallen prey to a scam. "I told her, no, no, no, it's a scam," Patel said, and he stopped her from dumping her life savings into the machine.
他描述了一次遭遇,一位老妇人走进他的商店,走向比特币 ATM,然后试图向某个地方汇很多钱,但对使用该机器有疑问。当帕特尔问这位女士几个问题时,她说:“埃隆·马斯克告诉我这么做的。”帕特尔很快意识到她落入了一个骗局。 “我告诉她,不,不,不,这是一个骗局,”帕特尔说,他阻止了她将毕生积蓄投入机器。
Alice Frei, head of security and compliance at blockchain communications & consulting agency Outset PR, says bitcoin ATM fraud is costly, enhanced by the sometimes shadowy world of crypto.
区块链通信和咨询机构 Outset PR 的安全与合规主管 Alice Frei 表示,比特币 ATM 欺诈成本高昂,而加密货币世界有时阴暗的一面又加剧了这种欺诈行为。
"Cryptocurrencies are easily exchanged online, often without clear identification of the parties involved. Criminals exploit this anonymity and move money almost invisibly, often employing techniques such as cross-blockchain 'bridges' to further obscure transactions," she said. And then there's the fact that an ATM scam probably doesn't originate in the town where it occurs. "Many crypto exchanges involved in these activities are based offshore, beyond the reach of regulators
“加密货币很容易在网上进行交易,通常没有明确的参与方身份。犯罪分子利用这种匿名性,几乎在无形中转移资金,通常采用跨区块链‘桥梁’等技术来进一步掩盖交易,”她说。事实上,ATM 诈骗可能并非起源于其发生的城镇。 “参与这些活动的许多加密货币交易所都位于海外,超出了监管机构的管辖范围
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