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一些專家表示,比特幣 ATM 機在美國的數量正在迅速增長,網路犯罪威脅也正在迅速增長。處理比特幣的 ATM 與現金類似:與任何其他 ATM 一樣,都有 PIN 碼來打卡並收取提款費用。
Bitcoin ATMs are rapidly becoming a common sight in the United States, but some experts say they also pose a growing cybercrime threat.
比特幣 ATM 機在美國迅速成為常見現象,但一些專家表示,它們也構成了日益嚴重的網路犯罪威脅。
ATMs that deal in bitcoin are similar to their cash counterparts: they have PINs and withdrawal fees. But unlike cash ATMs, the high value of crypto makes them a prime target for hackers. A cash ATM tucked away between the snack cakes and energy drinks at a gas station may not draw much attention, but a bitcoin ATM gets more scrutiny from bad actors.
處理比特幣的 ATM 機與現金 ATM 機類似:它們有 PIN 碼和提款費用。但與現金 ATM 不同的是,加密貨幣的高價值使其成為駭客的主要目標。隱藏在加油站小吃蛋糕和能量飲料之間的現金 ATM 可能不會引起太多注意,但比特幣 ATM 會受到不良行為者的更多審查。
"It's clear that these machines are particularly vulnerable to both physical and cyber threats, making them a prime target for hackers and thieves," said Timothy Bates, clinical professor of cybersecurity at the University of Michigan's College of Innovation and Technology.
密西根大學創新與技術學院網路安全臨床教授 Timothy Bates 表示:“很明顯,這些機器特別容易受到物理和網路威脅,這使它們成為駭客和竊賊的主要目標。”
Bitcoin ATMs can be susceptible to attacks where hackers install malware on the machines to capture private keys, steal funds, or manipulate transactions, which Bates said is "especially concerning for ATMs that may not receive regular software updates or security patches." Network vulnerabilities are also a weak spot. "If the machine's network communications are not adequately secured, attackers can intercept data transfers between the ATM and the server, leading to data theft or unauthorized access," Bates said.
比特幣ATM 可能容易受到駭客在機器上安裝惡意軟體以捕獲私鑰、竊取資金或操縱交易的攻擊,貝茨表示,這「對於可能無法定期接收軟體更新或安全性修補程式的ATM 來說尤其令人擔憂」。網路漏洞也是一個弱點。 「如果機器的網路通訊沒有得到充分的保護,攻擊者就可以攔截 ATM 和伺服器之間的資料傳輸,從而導致資料竊取或未經授權的訪問,」貝茨說。
Whether it's hackers or scammers, the government is sounding the alarm about bitcoin ATMs. The Federal Trade Commission reported this week that scam incidents have risen by 1,000% since 2020.
無論是駭客還是騙子,政府都在對比特幣ATM機敲響警鐘。美國聯邦貿易委員會本週報告稱,自 2020 年以來,詐騙事件增加了 1,000%。
Ironically, a bitcoin ATM's risks are directly related to its strengths, according to Joe Dobson, principal analyst at Mandiant, a Google Cloud-owned cybersecurity company. Bitcoin is decentralized, permission-less, and immutable. "A transaction cannot be reversed or recalled if funds are deposited to the wrong address," Dobson said. And while many crypto bulls find bitcoin's lack of governance appealing, that can be problematic in ATMs. "There is no governing body within bitcoin dictating who can or cannot run a bitcoin ATM, hence many independent organizations operate the ATMs," Dobson said.
谷歌雲旗下網路安全公司 Mandiant 的首席分析師 Joe Dobson 表示,諷刺的是,比特幣 ATM 機的風險與其優勢直接相關。比特幣是去中心化的、無需許可的且不可變的。多布森說:“如果資金存入錯誤的地址,交易就無法撤銷或撤銷。”儘管許多加密貨幣多頭認為比特幣缺乏治理很有吸引力,但這在 ATM 上可能會出現問題。多布森說:“比特幣內部沒有管理機構規定誰可以或不能運行比特幣 ATM,因此許多獨立組織都在運營 ATM。”
There are also old criminal tricks that might be reversible in a traditional banking situation, but in the world of bitcoin, that is not so. For example, someone could maliciously slip their personal deposit slips into the stack at the bank, tricking folks into depositing money into their account. "A similar attack can happen with bitcoin ATMs," Dobson said. "If an attacker compromises a bitcoin ATM, they may change the receiving wallet address (or 'account number'), effectively stealing user funds."
還有一些古老的犯罪伎倆在傳統銀行業情況下可能是可逆轉的,但在比特幣世界中,情況並非如此。例如,有人可能會惡意地將個人存款單放入銀行的堆疊中,欺騙人們將錢存入他們的帳戶。 「比特幣 ATM 機也可能發生類似的攻擊,」多布森說。 「如果攻擊者破壞了比特幣 ATM,他們可能會更改接收錢包地址(或『帳號』),從而有效竊取用戶資金。”
But in addition to old tricks, there are newer threats bitcoin ATMs introduce that cash ATMs do not face. Many bitcoin ATMs require personally identifiable information, such as an ID or even a Social Security number to comply with financial industry Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements. This information could be at risk if a bitcoin ATM is compromised.
但除了老把戲之外,比特幣 ATM 還帶來了現金 ATM 不會面臨的新威脅。許多比特幣 ATM 需要個人識別資訊,例如 ID 甚至社會安全號碼,以符合金融業「了解您的客戶」(KYC) 的要求。如果比特幣 ATM 被盜,這些資訊可能會面臨風險。
In Middletown, Ohio, at the Middletown Food Mart in a hollowed-out end of town, a Bitcoin Depot ATM sits opposite a regular cash ATM, blending in among the potato chips, bottled water, and beer. Middletown's claim to fame lately is as the hometown of Donald Trump's running mate Ohio Senator J.D. Vance, who has refashioned himself, similar to Trump, as a pro-cryptocurrency warrior. The Middletown Food Mart sits across the street from where Vance grew up.
在俄亥俄州米德爾敦,在城鎮盡頭的米德爾敦食品市場,一台比特幣倉庫 ATM 機位於普通現金 ATM 機對面,裡面混雜著薯片、瓶裝水和啤酒。米德爾敦最近聲名鵲起,是因為唐納德·川普的競選搭檔、俄亥俄州參議員JD·萬斯(JD Vance) 的家鄉,他與川普一樣,將自己重塑為支持加密貨幣的鬥士。米德爾敦食品市場位於萬斯長大的街對面。
'Elon Musk told me to do it.'
“埃隆馬斯克讓我這麼做。”
Sai Patel, whose family owns Middletown Food Mart, says the bitcoin ATM isn't very busy.
Sai Patel 的家族擁有 Middletown Food Mart,他表示比特幣 ATM 機並不是很繁忙。
"Maybe once a month someone comes in to use it," Patel said. And if it is someone new, Patel will patiently explain how the machine works. He also keeps an eye out for unusual activity. Although the bitcoin ATM isn't exactly drawing crowds, Patel says a surprising number of senior citizens show up at the kiosk, alarming given the rise of bitcoin ATM scams targeting seniors.
「也許每個月都會有人來使用它,」帕特爾說。如果是新人,帕特爾會耐心地解釋機器的工作原理。他也密切關注異常活動。儘管比特幣 ATM 機並沒有完全吸引人群,但 Patel 表示,出現在售貨亭的老年人數量驚人,考慮到針對老年人的比特幣 ATM 詐騙的興起,這令人震驚。
"Elderly people come in and use it," Patel said.
「老年人進來使用它,」帕特爾說。
He described one encounter where an elderly woman entered his shop and headed for the bitcoin ATM, then attempted to send a lot of money somewhere but had questions about using the machine. When Patel asked the woman a few questions as to why, she said, "Elon Musk told me to do it." Patel quickly realized she had fallen prey to a scam. "I told her, no, no, no, it's a scam," Patel said, and he stopped her from dumping her life savings into the machine.
他描述了一次遭遇,一位老婦人走進他的商店,走向比特幣 ATM,然後試圖向某個地方匯很多錢,但對使用該機器有疑問。當帕特爾問這位女士幾個問題時,她說:“埃隆馬斯克告訴我這麼做的。”帕特爾很快意識到她落入了一個騙局。 「我告訴她,不,不,不,這是一個騙局,」帕特爾說,他阻止了她將畢生積蓄投入機器。
Alice Frei, head of security and compliance at blockchain communications & consulting agency Outset PR, says bitcoin ATM fraud is costly, enhanced by the sometimes shadowy world of crypto.
區塊鏈通訊和諮詢機構 Outset PR 的安全與合規主管 Alice Frei 表示,比特幣 ATM 詐欺成本高昂,而加密貨幣世界有時陰暗的一面又加劇了這種詐欺行為。
"Cryptocurrencies are easily exchanged online, often without clear identification of the parties involved. Criminals exploit this anonymity and move money almost invisibly, often employing techniques such as cross-blockchain 'bridges' to further obscure transactions," she said. And then there's the fact that an ATM scam probably doesn't originate in the town where it occurs. "Many crypto exchanges involved in these activities are based offshore, beyond the reach of regulators
「加密貨幣很容易在網路上進行交易,通常沒有明確的參與者身份。犯罪分子利用這種匿名性,幾乎在無形中轉移資金,通常採用跨區塊鏈『橋樑』等技術來進一步掩蓋交易,」她說。事實上,ATM 詐騙可能並非起源於其發生的城鎮。 「參與這些活動的許多加密貨幣交易所都位於海外,超出了監管機構的管轄範圍
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