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傳統銀行和大型科技公司之間的競爭已經開始。首先,加密貨幣有望消除中心化機構。
The race between traditional banks and Big Tech companies has already begun. First, cryptocurrencies promised to eliminate centralized institutions. Now, tech firms' core technology is underpinning the largest power grab in the history of finance.
傳統銀行和大型科技公司之間的競賽已經開始。首先,加密貨幣承諾消除中心化機構。現在,科技公司的核心技術正在支撐著金融史上最大規模的權力爭奪。
Decentralized finance leverages blockchain technology to remove intermediaries like banks and financial service companies. It enables peer-to-peer transactions, empowering individuals to transact directly without relying on centralized institutions.
去中心化金融利用區塊鏈技術消除銀行和金融服務公司等中介機構。它支援點對點交易,使個人能夠直接進行交易,而無需依賴中心化機構。
With the rise of DeFi, tech giants' possibilities have reached a whole new level. All segments of financial services are up for grabs, from the movement of money to credit and investing. But there exists a problem: neither the regulators nor banks are prepared to respond to Big Tech initiatives today. With emerging AI and digital capabilities, the gap is becoming bigger and more problematic.
隨著 DeFi 的興起,科技巨頭的可能性已經達到了一個全新的水平。從貨幣流動到信貸和投資,金融服務的所有領域都可供爭奪。但存在一個問題:監管機構和銀行都沒有準備好應對當今大型科技公司的措施。隨著人工智慧和數位能力的不斷湧現,差距變得越來越大,問題也越來越多。
AI and machine learning are being used for personalized banking experiences, fraud detection and predictive analytics. For example, AI-powered chatbots provide customer service, while ML algorithms help with credit scoring and risk management. Blockchain technology ensures secure and transparent transactions, reducing the need for intermediaries. Cryptocurrencies offer an alternative to traditional banking systems. Companies like Ripple and Ethereum are notable examples.
人工智慧和機器學習被用於個人化銀行體驗、詐欺偵測和預測分析。例如,人工智慧驅動的聊天機器人提供客戶服務,而機器學習演算法則有助於信用評分和風險管理。區塊鏈技術確保交易安全透明,減少對中介機構的需求。加密貨幣提供了傳統銀行系統的替代方案。 Ripple 和以太坊等公司就是著名的例子。
There are four actions that regulators should do to level the playing field and contain risk in the new FinTech platform.
監管機構應採取四項行動來創造公平的競爭環境並遏制新金融科技平台的風險。
First, preventing Big Tech from abusing gatekeeper function. For example, the restricted near-field communication chip or mobile operating system should not be abused.
首先,防止大型科技公司濫用看門人功能。例如,受限制的近場通訊晶片或行動作業系統不應被濫用。
Second, designate Big Tech companies as nonbank systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs). A SIFI refers to a financial institution whose failure could significantly disrupt the entire financial system. There are two regulatory approaches. The entity-based one focuses on the institution as a whole, considering its overall risk profile and ensuring a holistic view of its risks. The activity-based one targets specific activities or functions within the institution and homes in on high-risk activities. The combined approach is advocated by the International Monetary Fund, Financial Stability Board and Bank for International Settlements with the aim of enhancing financial stability by addressing both the institution's overall risk and specific activities.
其次,將大型科技公司指定為非銀行系統重要性金融機構(SIFI)。 SIFI 是指其失敗可能嚴重擾亂整個金融體系的金融機構。有兩種監管方法。基於實體的風險著重於整個機構,考慮其整體風險狀況並確保對其風險有全面的了解。基於活動的活動針對機構內的特定活動或職能,並專注於高風險活動。國際貨幣基金組織、金融穩定委員會和國際清算銀行倡導這種綜合方法,旨在透過解決機構的整體風險和具體活動來增強金融穩定。
The third action is implementing tight controls on stablecoins. Big-Tech companies that launch stablecoins pegged to fiat or other traditional financial assets should be regulated. Fiat currency is traditional government-issued money, while stablecoins bridge the gap between cryptocurrencies and everyday transactions by maintaining a stable value.
第三個行動是對穩定幣實施嚴格管制。推出與法定貨幣或其他傳統金融資產掛鉤的穩定幣的大型科技公司應該受到監管。法定貨幣是傳統的政府發行貨幣,而穩定幣則透過保持穩定的價值彌合了加密貨幣和日常交易之間的差距。
The fourth thing is liberating licensed banks for fairer competition and greater transparency. Licensed banks should be allowed to engage in the same digital asset and DeFi activities as non-licensed entities.
第四件事是解放持牌銀行,以實現更公平的競爭和更大的透明度。應允許持牌銀行從事與非持牌實體相同的數位資產和 DeFi 活動。
Banks face the challenge of digitizing customer journeys to meet evolving expectations. Failing to adapt could lead to revenue loss and the demise of less agile organizations. On the other hand, large banks can counter and beat disruptors by launching their own digital offerings. Their capital, resources and expertise allow them to compete in consumer banking, wealth management and specialized services.
銀行面臨著將客戶旅程數位化以滿足不斷變化的期望的挑戰。未能適應可能會導致收入損失和敏捷性較差的組織的消亡。另一方面,大型銀行可以透過推出自己的數位產品來對抗和擊敗顛覆者。他們的資本、資源和專業知識使他們能夠在消費銀行、財富管理和專業服務領域中競爭。
Big Tech's reach extends far beyond technology, shaping economies and financial landscapes globally. While their impact is undeniable, it's essential to balance innovation with responsible governance and fair competition.
大型科技公司的影響力遠遠超出了技術範圍,影響全球經濟和金融格局。雖然它們的影響是不可否認的,但平衡創新與負責任的治理和公平競爭至關重要。
Dr Jolly Wong is a policy fellow at the Centre for Science and Policy, University of Cambridge
Jolly Wong 博士是劍橋大學科學與政策中心的政策研究員
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