為什麼我們不能“回滾”以太坊

在昨天的Bybit Hack之後，加密評論員再次問為什麼以太坊不能“回滾”鏈條扭轉駭客。

Crypto commentators are once again asking why Ethereum cannot "rollback" the chain to reverse yesterday's hack after Bybit announced that the total losses now stand at $1.4 billion.

加密評論員再次詢問為什麼以太坊不能“回滾”鏈條在拜比特宣布總損失現在為14億美元之後，以扭轉昨天的黑客。

While experienced ecosystem actors near-unanimously agree that this is not possible, it's a question that continues to be asked by new crypto users and those unfamiliar with the technical and community aspects of cryptocurrency.

儘管經驗豐富的生態系統參與者幾乎一致同意這是不可能的，但新的加密用戶和不熟悉加密貨幣的技術和社區方面的人仍在問這個問題。

Here's a concise ELI5 on why a blockchain rollback is not possible in practice.

這是關於為什麼在實踐中不可能進行區塊鏈回滾的簡潔Eli5。

Two Historical Blockchain ReversalsBitcoin (BTC) enthusiasts may recall two instances where blockchain rollbacks occurred.

兩個歷史的區塊鏈ReversalsBitcoin（BTC）愛好者可能會回想起兩次發生區塊鏈回滾的情況。

The first was in 2010 when a bug led to the creation of 184 billion BTC, which were later rolled back.

第一個是在2010年，一個錯誤導致創建了1840億BTC，後來又回滾了。

According to Tim Beiko, an Ethereum developer, this was possible due to the small size of the Bitcoin network at the time and because the bug created a clear protocol violation.

據以太坊開發人員蒂姆·貝科（Tim Beiko）稱，由於當時的比特幣網絡的尺寸很小，並且由於該錯誤造成了明確的協議違規，因此這是可能的。

The second instance was the 2016 Ethereum The DAO hack, which saw stolen funds frozen for 30 days.

第二個實例是2016年的以太坊Dao Hack，該hack被盜了30天的資金。

This provided time for the community to coordinate a recovery effort, ultimately leading to a hard fork that reversed the transactions.

這為社區提供了協調恢復努力的時間，最終導致了逆轉交易的硬叉。

However, both of these cases involved unique circumstances that do not apply to the Bybit hack.

但是，這兩種情況都涉及不適用於Bybit Hack的獨特情況。

Multisig Hack Challenges Beiko explained that the Bybit hack presents fundamentally different challenges.

Multisig Hack挑戰Beiko解釋說，Bybit Hack提出了根本不同的挑戰。

The theft occurred through a compromised multisig interface, which made the malicious transactions appear legitimate to the signers.

盜竊是通過折衷的多層界面發生的，這使惡意交易對簽名人來說似乎是合法的。

From Ethereum's perspective, these transactions followed all protocol rules, leaving no technical basis for intervention.

從以太坊的角度來看，這些交易遵循所有協議規則，沒有乾預的技術依據。

Beiko also highlighted the increased complexity of modern cryptocurrency infrastructure, which made such rollbacks even more challenging.

Beiko還強調了現代加密貨幣基礎設施的複雜性增加，這使得這種回滾更具挑戰性。

Once stolen, the funds can quickly move through decentralized exchanges, lending protocols, and cross-chain bridges, thanks to the interconnected nature of crypto.

一旦被盜，資金就可以迅速通過分散的交易所，借貸協議和跨鏈橋，這要歸功於加密的相互聯繫。

Any attempt to reverse transactions would disrupt this ecosystem, potentially affecting legitimate trades and settlements.

任何逆向交易的嘗試都會破壞這一生態系統，並可能影響合法的交易和定居點。

While Ethereum can still theoretically implement “irregular state changes” if funds are frozen and isolated, the last such proposal faced strong opposition.

儘管以太坊仍然可以在理論上實施“不規則的國家變化”，如果資金被凍結和孤立，但最後的提案面臨著強烈的反對。

This was a proposal to recover 500,000 ETH that were frozen due to a Parity wallet bug, but it was ultimately rejected over concerns about centralization and setting a precedent.

這是一項提議，要求恢復由於奇偶錢包錯誤而被凍結的500,000 ETH，但最終因對集中化和設定先例的擔憂而被拒絕。

Crypto Mixer Platform Rejects Bybit's Request to Track Stolen Funds as Hackers Begin Laundering ETH

加密混音器平台拒絕拜比特（Bybit）在黑客開始洗錢時追踪被盜資金的要求

SlowMist reports that hackers began laundering the stolen ETH through eXch, also known as the coin mixer platform used by North Korean hackers to launder illicit crypto funds.

Slowmist報導說，黑客開始通過Exch洗錢，這也被稱為朝鮮黑客使用非法加密貨幣資金的硬幣混音器平台。

According to SlowMist, the stolen ETH was being converted into BTC, Monero (XMR), and other cryptocurrencies through eXch.

根據Slowmist的說法，被盜的ETH正在通過Exch轉換為BTC，Monero（XMR）和其他加密貨幣。

SlowMist also highlighted eXch's involvement in several security incidents, including the exposure of personal information belonging to industry security personnel, and urged all platforms to enhance risk controls for funds originating from eXch.

Slowmist還強調了Exch涉及幾起安全事件的參與，包括暴露於行業安全人員的個人信息，並敦促所有平台增強來自Exch的資金的風險控制。

SlowMist's founder further noted that eXch has a history of hostile behavior toward security researchers, and they also highlighted the importance of exchanges having stronger risk controls for funds coming from the platform.

Slowmist的創始人進一步指出，Exch對安全研究人員有敵對行為的歷史，他們還強調了交易所具有更強風險控制的重要性，該風險控制對來自該平台的資金具有更強的風險控制。

This development highlights the rapid movement of assets through mixing services, which demonstrates why technical solutions like rollbacks are no longer viable for major thefts in today's crypto ecosystem.

這一發展突出了資產通過混合服務的快速發展，這表明了為什麼像回滾這樣的技術解決方案在當今的加密生態系統中不再可行。