PDVSA 在美國重新實施石油製裁期間利用數位貨幣

在美國重新實施石油製裁的情況下，委內瑞拉國家石油公司 (PDVSA) 計劃加強原油出口對加密貨幣的依賴。自去年以來，PDVSA 已將石油銷售轉向 USDT（Tether），旨在減輕與凍結銷售收益相關的風險。儘管美元仍然是全球首選石油貨幣，但 PDVSA 實施了一種合約模式，要求在現貨石油交易中以 USDT 預付款 50%。越來越多地使用中介機構來促進 USDT 交易，使得 PDVSA 能夠規避制裁，但可能會導致收入減少。

Venezuela's PDVSA Embraces Digital Currencies Amid Renewed US Oil Sanctions

委內瑞拉國家石油公司 (PDVSA) 在美國重新實施石油製裁之際擁抱數位貨幣

In the face of reimposed US oil sanctions, Venezuela's state-owned oil company PDVSA is bolstering its reliance on digital currencies, particularly Tether (USDT), to mitigate the impact on its crude and fuel exports. This strategic shift marks a notable escalation in PDVSA's efforts to circumvent financial restrictions and sustain its oil operations.

面對美國重新實施的石油製裁，委內瑞拉國有石油公司 PDVSA 正在加強對數位貨幣的依賴，特別是 Tether (USDT)，以減輕對其原油和燃料出口的影響。這一戰略轉變標誌著委內瑞拉國家石油公司規避金融限制和維持其石油業務的努力顯著升級。

US Sanctions Tighten the Screws on Venezuela

美國加強對委內瑞拉的製裁

The US Treasury Department's recent decision not to renew a general license for PDVSA customers and providers has dealt a blow to Venezuela's oil industry. The deadline of May 31st gives companies a limited window to wind down transactions, creating significant challenges for PDVSA's revenue streams. The need to obtain individual US authorizations for business dealings with Venezuela further complicates the situation.

美國財政部最近決定不再為 PDVSA 客戶和供應商續簽一般許可證，這對委內瑞拉石油工業造成了打擊。 5 月 31 日的最後期限為公司提供了有限的時間來結束交易，這給 PDVSA 的收入流帶來了重大挑戰。與委內瑞拉進行商業往來需要獲得美國的單獨授權，這使得情況更加複雜。

PDVSA's Digital Currency Pivot

PDVSA 的數位貨幣支點

Since 2022, PDVSA has steadily increased its reliance on USDT in oil sales. This shift has gained momentum with the reinstatement of oil sanctions, as PDVSA seeks to minimize the risk of frozen assets in foreign bank accounts. PDVSA's strategy involves shifting spot oil deals to a contract model that mandates prepayment for half of each cargo's value in USDT.

自2022年以來，PDVSA在石油銷售方面對USDT的依賴穩步增加。隨著石油製裁的恢復，這種轉變得到了推動，因為委內瑞拉國家石油公司力求將外國銀行帳戶中資產凍結的風險降至最低。 PDVSA 的策略包括將現貨石油交易轉變為合約模式，要求以 USDT 預付款每批貨物價值的一半。

Tether's Growing Popularity in Oil Trade

Tether 在石油貿易中越來越受歡迎

Despite the prevalence of the US dollar in global oil transactions, PDVSA's adoption of USDT underscores the growing appeal of digital currencies in this sector. Tether, a stablecoin pegged to the US dollar, has emerged as a preferred payment method due to its ability to bypass banking compliance hurdles that often arise in the wake of sanctions.

儘管美元在全球石油交易中佔據主導地位，但 PDVSA 採用 USDT 凸顯了數位貨幣在該領域日益增長的吸引力。 Tether 是一種與美元掛鉤的穩定幣，因其能夠繞過制裁後經常出現的銀行合規障礙而成為首選支付方式。

Middlemen Play a Crucial Role

中間商發揮著至關重要的作用

While PDVSA's shift to digital currencies provides a lifeline for its oil exports, it also entails increased reliance on intermediaries. This reliance has the potential to diminish the amount of oil revenue reaching PDVSA's coffers. However, Minister Pedro Tellechea remains optimistic, stating that PDVSA possesses "a big strength in trading" and is ready to adapt to the new sanctions regime.

雖然PDVSA轉向數位貨幣為其石油出口提供了生命線，但也增加了對中介機構的依賴。這種依賴可能會減少委內瑞拉國家石油公司金庫的石油收入。不過，佩德羅·特萊切亞部長仍保持樂觀態度，表示委內瑞拉國家石油公司擁有“強大的貿易實力”，並已準備好適應新的製裁制度。

Industry Analysts Express Cautious Optimism

產業分析師表示謹慎樂觀

Oil analysts acknowledge the potential for digital currencies to alleviate some of the pressure from US sanctions. However, they also predict that Venezuela's oil output, exports, and revenue will eventually reach a ceiling, even with timely individual authorizations from Washington. The use of Tether, despite its popularity among crypto users and others seeking to avoid traditional financial institutions, has raised concerns about its potential role in money laundering, according to the United Nations.

石油分析師承認數位貨幣有可能減輕美國制裁帶來的部分壓力。然而，他們也預測，即使華盛頓及時給予個別授權，委內瑞拉的石油產量、出口和收入最終將達到上限。聯合國稱，儘管 Tether 在加密貨幣用戶和其他尋求避開傳統金融機構的人中很受歡迎，但它的使用引起了人們對其在洗錢方面潛在作用的擔憂。

Tether's Market Dominance and Controversies

Tether 的市場主導地位和爭議

Tether, with a market capitalization exceeding $100 billion, stands as the world's leading stablecoin. Its popularity stems from its ability to mitigate cryptocurrency volatility, but it has also drawn scrutiny due to concerns about its transparency and reserves. The United Nations' recent warning about its use in money laundering further adds to Tether's checkered reputation.

Tether 市值超過 1000 億美元，是全球領先的穩定幣。它的受歡迎程度源於其減輕加密貨幣波動性的能力，但由於對其透明度和儲備的擔憂，它也受到了密切關注。聯合國最近對其用於洗錢的警告進一步加劇了 Tether 的聲譽。

Venezuela Embraces Cryptocurrencies to Counter Sanctions

委內瑞拉擁抱加密貨幣以應對制裁

Venezuela's PDVSA is not alone in embracing cryptocurrencies to circumvent sanctions. Iran, another country facing severe economic restrictions, has also explored digital currencies as a means of sustenance. PDVSA's strategic shift serves as a testament to the growing role of cryptocurrencies in challenging traditional financial systems and facilitating international trade, albeit with potential risks and uncertainties still looming.

委內瑞拉國家石油公司 (PDVSA) 並不是唯一一家採用加密貨幣來規避制裁的國家。另一個面臨嚴格經濟限制的國家伊朗也探索數位貨幣作為生存手段。 PDVSA 的策略轉變證明了加密貨幣在挑戰傳統金融體系和促進國際貿易方面的作用日益增強，儘管潛在風險和不確定性仍然存在。