2009 年 D 版美洲原住民美元

市場數據和值得注意的樣本 與大多數超現代問題一樣，2009-D 美洲原住民美元的價值太低，無法證明其合理性

By 2002, the Treasury Department realized that, despite a promising launch and a pleasing modern appearance, the Sacagawea Dollar had failed to deliver on its hopes of widespread adoption by the American public. Instead, more than 200 million coins of the cursed denomination sat unused in massive bags in government vaults. While the Sac Dollar suffered the same fate as the Susan B. Anthony and Eisenhower Dollar series that preceded it, different factors contributed to its failure.

到 2002 年，財政部意識到，儘管薩卡加維亞幣的推出充滿希望且具有令人愉悅的現代外觀，但它未能實現美國公眾廣泛採用的希望。相反，超過 2 億枚被詛咒的面值的硬幣被閒置在政府金庫的大袋子裡。雖然薩克美元與之前的蘇珊·B·安東尼和艾森豪威爾美元系列遭遇了同樣的命運，但不同的因素導致了它的失敗。

The Ike Dollar suffered, in part, due to the coin’s large size. Although the copper-nickel-clad version was the only one released into circulation, the coin’s size was based on the silver dollar. Resurrecting the dormant dollar coin but not addressing the coin’s cumbersome size and weight proved limiting. Some accounts suggest that the coin saw some usage in the sparsely-populated western states and casinos, but wear patterns on Philadelphia Mint issues suggest to us that the coin saw heavier circulation than most realize, especially the 1971 and 1972 issues and the 1975-1976 Bicentennial coins. Even if the coin was seen as little more than a novelty, its large size made it ideal for the manufacturing novelty belt buckles.

艾克美元遭受損失的部分原因是硬幣尺寸過大。雖然銅鎳包金版本是唯一發行流通的版本，但硬幣的尺寸是根據銀元設計的。復活休眠的一美元硬幣，但沒有解決硬幣笨重的尺寸和重量的問題，事實證明是有限的。一些報導表明，該硬幣在人口稀少的西部各州和賭場中得到了一些使用，但費城造幣廠發行的磨損圖案表明，該硬幣的流通量比大多數人想像的要大，尤其是1971 年和1972 年發行以及1975-1976 年發行的硬幣二百週年紀念幣。即使硬幣被認為只不過是一種新穎的東西，但它的大尺寸使其成為製造新奇皮帶扣的理想選擇。

By the time the Bicentennial Dollars came around, Congress and the Treasury were already contemplating the introduction of a new dollar coin, this one smaller and easier to handle in quantity. The goal of the proponents of the small dollar coin was to see daily use in vending machines; in fact, the vending industry strongly advocated for the coin in Congressional hearings in 1978. When the Susan B. Anthony Dollar was released in 1979, it was the subject of almost immediate scorn and ridicule. The promised refitting of vending machines did not happen on a large scale, and the coin was killed off at the end of the first year of the Reagan Administration.

當二百週年紀念幣問世時，國會和財政部已經在考慮推出一種新的美元硬幣，這種硬幣更小，數量更容易處理。小美元硬幣的支持者的目標是看到自動販賣機的日常使用；事實上，自動販賣機產業在 1978 年的國會聽證會上大力提倡使用這種硬幣。承諾的自動販賣機改裝並沒有大規模發生，硬幣在雷根政府第一年年底就被扼殺了。

More so than size or public scorn, the true reason behind the failure of these late 20th-century attempts to reintroduce the dollar coin was the fact that such a piece would always be overshadowed by the one-dollar Federal Reserve Note. If in the age of silver and gold coins, people still frequently used banknotes and currency, it only stands to reason that the same would hold true in an era of fiat coinage.

20世紀末重新推出一美元硬幣的嘗試失敗的真正原因不僅僅是尺寸或公眾的蔑視，而是這樣的硬幣總是被一美元的聯邦儲備券所掩蓋。如果說在銀幣、金幣時代人們還經常使用紙幣和貨幣，那麼在法幣時代也是如此。

Congress and dollar coin proponents ignored this truth and instead blamed the SBA Dollar’s failure on its conception and design. The Susan B. Anthony, while slightly larger and thicker than a quarter, is more similar to that denomination than any other coin is to any other denomination. For the Sacagawea Dollar, Congress hoped that changing the composition and other design characteristics would make the coin more easily distinguishable. The United States Mint even promoted the new coin with a $67 million marketing campaign. This effort led to $968 million in seignorage for the Mint, but the coin did not see widespread use after its launch.

國會和美元硬幣的支持者忽視了這一事實，而是將 SBA 美元的失敗歸咎於其概念和設計。蘇珊安東尼 (Susan B. Anthony) 雖然比 25 美分硬幣稍大、稍厚，但與該面額的硬幣比任何其他硬幣與任何其他面額的硬幣都更相似。對於薩卡加維亞美元，國會希望改變成分和其他設計特徵以使硬幣更容易區分。美國造幣廠甚至斥資 6700 萬美元進行行銷活動來推廣新硬幣。這項努力為造幣廠帶來了 9.68 億美元的鑄幣稅，但該硬幣在發行後並未廣泛使用。

Rebooting the Sacagawea Dollar

重啟薩卡加維亞美元

Dollar coin proponents were not done. Knowing that $1 in 2000 had the same purchasing power as 40¢ in 1979, the dollar coin was seen by some as less wasteful than the dollar bill. In 2007, Congress once again enacted legislation to reintroduce the coin, this time with a circulating commemorative program to honor America’s Presidents. This terrible idea played out year after year, with the Mint honoring America’s most incompetent Chief Executives alongside household names. What school kid wouldn’t be wowed by the opportunity of holding the history of Andrew Johnson, James Buchanan, or Warren G. Harding in their hands?

美元硬幣的支持者還沒完成。由於知道 2000 年 1 美元的購買力與 1979 年 40 美分的購買力相同，因此有些人認為一美元硬幣比一美元紙幣更不浪費。 2007年，國會再次頒布立法重新引入硬幣，這次是為了紀念美國總統而發行的紀念活動。這個可怕的想法年復一年地上演，造幣廠將美國最無能的執行長與家喻戶曉的名字一起授予榮譽。哪個學生不會因為有機會掌握安德魯·約翰遜、詹姆斯·布坎南或沃倫·G·哈丁的歷史而驚嘆不已？

The Presidential $1 Coin Act did not end the production of the Sacagawea Dollar, however. Instead, it carved out 20% of annual dollar-coin production for that design. On September 20, 2007, President George W. Bush enacted Public Law 110–82 (PDF link), the Native American $1 Coin Act, which updated the Sacagawea Dollar by authorizing a new annual refresh of the reverse to honor the many contributions of Native Americans to American life. On the Native American Dollar, sculptor Glenna Goodacre’s obverse design remained but the date and mintmark were moved to the rim. From this point on, the Sacagawea Dollar is officially known as the “Native American Dollar”.

然而，總統 1 美元硬幣法案並沒有結束薩卡加維亞美元的生產。相反，它將每年 1 美元硬幣產量的 20% 用於這種設計。 2007 年9 月20 日，喬治·W·布希總統頒布了第110-82 號公法（PDF 連結），即《美國原住民1 美元硬幣法案》，該法案更新了薩卡加維亞美元，授權每年更新背面，以紀念原住民的眾多貢獻美國人過美國人的生活。在美洲原住民美元上，雕刻家格倫娜·古達克的正面設計仍然保留，但日期和鑄幣標記移至邊緣。從此，薩卡加維亞元正式被稱為「美洲原住民元」。

The first reverse design in the program honors the Three Sisters of Native American agriculture: the planting of maize (corn), beans, and squash in close proximity for mutual benefit. The cornstalks provide a structure for the bean tendrils to climb, and the broad leaves of the squash plants trap moisture at the base and help prevent weeds from crowding out the crops. The beans also fix nitrogen in the soil, providing nutrients for all. This method of planting increases crop yields by about 30% and probably dates to the domestication of

該計劃中的第一個逆向設計是為了紀念美國原住民農業的三姐妹：為了互惠互利而緊密種植玉米、豆類和南瓜。玉米稈為豆類卷鬚提供了攀爬的結構，而南瓜植物的寬大葉子可以在基部留住水分，有助於防止雜草擠佔農作物。豆類還能固定土壤中的氮，提供所有人營養。這種種植方法可使農作物產量提高約 30%，可能可追溯至馴化