多明尼克威廉斯：透過網路電腦協定重新構想區塊鏈與人工智慧的未來

在區塊鏈技術和人工智慧 (AI) 快速發展的格局中，很少有遠見者能像多明尼克威廉斯 (Dominic Williams) 那樣產生如此重大的影響。

Dominic Williams is the Founder and Chief Scientist of the DFINITY Foundation and the driving force behind the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP). In this exclusive interview, Williams shares his journey to founding DFINITY, the transformative potential of the Internet Computer Protocol, and the unique advantages of integrating AI with blockchain technology. He delves into the concept of Decentralized AI (dAI), its applications, and its crucial role in ensuring the integrity of AI training datasets. Williams also discusses the impact of AI smart contracts on Web3 and beyond, highlighting real-world examples and future opportunities for developers and researchers.

Dominic Williams 是 DFINITY 基金會的創始人兼首席科學家，也是互聯網電腦協定 (ICP) 背後的推動者。在這次獨家專訪中，Williams 分享了他創立 DFINITY 的歷程、網路電腦協定的變革潛力，以及人工智慧與區塊鏈技術結合的獨特優勢。他深入研究了去中心化人工智慧 (dAI) 的概念、其應用及其在確保人工智慧訓練資料集完整性方面的關鍵作用。 Williams 也討論了 AI 智慧合約對 Web3 及其他領域的影響，重點介紹了現實世界的範例以及開發人員和研究人員的未來機會。

1. Could you start by sharing a bit about your journey and what led you to found the DFINITY Foundation and develop the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP)?

1. 您能否先分享您的經驗以及是什麼促使您創立 DFINITY 基金會並開發網際網路電腦協定 (ICP)？

I’ve always been into computers, right from childhood. The interest peaked while pursuing my degree in Computer Science when I noticed the power of networked computers for the first time. One thing led to another and when I finally set out on my entrepreneurial journey in the mid-90s, I knew that I wanted to advance the area of distributed systems and the internet.

我從小就對計算機很有興趣。在攻讀電腦科學學位時，當我第一次注意到連網電腦的強大功能時，我的興趣達到了頂峰。一件事接著另一件事，當我最終在 90 年代中期開始我的創業之旅時，我知道我想要推動分散式系統和網路領域的發展。

After university, I was looking to build a “GameCoin” to support the creation of a pan-game virtual goods economy, and soon found that the technology necessary to create a GameCoin was missing, owing to the need for fast transaction times, low cost, and massive throughput. I spent most of my work thereafter repurposing classical distributed computing consensus techniques for the blockchain setting, and in 2014, published a paper describing the Pebble cryptocurrency. It was the first serious paper to propose architecture and mathematics designed to support an infinitely scalable cryptocurrency using classical distributed computing science.

大學畢業後，我一直希望建立一個「GameCoin」來支援泛遊戲虛擬商品經濟的創建，但很快就發現由於需要快速交易時間、低成本，因此缺少創建GameCoin所需的技術，以及巨大的吞吐量。此後，我將大部分工作用於將經典的分散式運算共識技術重新用於區塊鏈環境，並在 2014 年發表了一篇描述 Pebble 加密貨幣的論文。這是第一篇提出架構和數學的嚴肅論文，旨在使用經典分散式計算科學支援無限可擴展的加密貨幣。

While working on Pebble, I proposed techniques to advance proof-of-work systems, and had become very involved with the early Ethereum community. Someone from that community came up with the term “World Computer.” My interpretation of that term was very different from the Ethereum community’s. I came to believe that a blockchain could extend the public internet with advanced “stateful serverless cloud” functionality. Consequently, my interests switched, my ambition grew, and I decided to pursue the creation of a World Computer.

在研究 Pebble 時，我提出了改善工作量證明系統的技術，並積極參與了早期的以太坊社群。該社區的某人提出了“世界計算機”一詞。我對該術語的解釋與以太坊社群的解釋非常不同。我開始相信區塊鏈可以透過先進的「有狀態無伺服器雲端」功能來擴展公共互聯網。因此，我的興趣發生了變化，我的野心增長了，我決定追求創建一台世界電腦。

I started using the term DFINITY for my work in 2015, which is short for “decentralized infinity.” My initial purpose was to support the creation of an Ethereum 2.0 or Ethereum 3.0. Eventually, though, the huge amount of research and engineering work involved in realizing the kind of World Computer I wanted to create, meant that it became its own project.

我從 2015 年開始在我的工作中使用 DFINITY 這個術語，它是「去中心化無限」的縮寫。我最初的目的是支援以太坊 2.0 或以太坊 3.0 的創建。但最終，為了實現我想要創建的那種世界計算機，需要進行大量的研究和工程工作，這意味著它成為了自己的專案。

The DFINITY Foundation was created in October 2016, and in 2018, the foundation raised investments from hedge funds and venture capital firms, including an early crypto investment from the renowned VC Andreessen Horowitz, before they began creating crypto-specific funds. There’s been no looking back since then.

DFINITY 基金會成立於 2016 年 10 月，並於 2018 年從對沖基金和創投公司籌集了投資，其中包括著名 VC Andreessen Horowitz 的早期加密投資，然後才開始創建加密貨幣專用基金。從那以後就再也沒有回頭過。

2. What initially sparked your interest in blockchain technology and decentralized systems?

2. 最初是什麼激發了您對區塊鏈技術和去中心化系統的興趣？

My earliest connection to blockchain technology has to be from the late 90s when I was developing an online internet file storage system which relied on a cryptography library. This library had a link to a paper called b-money, which was an important antecedent to Bitcoin. I was intrigued by the concept, and it fostered my later strong engagement with blockchain tech. This preceded one of my earliest entrepreneurial exploits in building an MMO (massively multiplayer online) game for kids, which grew to 3 million users.

我最早接觸區塊鏈技術是在 90 年代末，當時我正在開發一個依賴密碼學庫的線上網路檔案儲存系統。該圖書館有一篇名為 b-money 的論文的鏈接，該論文是比特幣的重要前身。我對這個概念很感興趣，它促進了我後來對區塊鏈技術的強烈參與。在此之前，我最早的創業嘗試之一是為兒童開發 MMO（大型多人線上）遊戲，該遊戲的用戶數量已增至 300 萬。

The service used a game server I created myself that could scale horizontally, just by adding new nodes, and was also the first major production system to use a now-famous database called Cassandra, which scaled similarly. This was a much needed learning curve as it allowed me to explore techniques related to scaling systems.

該服務使用了我自己創建的遊戲伺服器，只需添加新節點即可水平擴展，並且也是第一個使用現在著名的名為 Cassandra 的資料庫的主要生產系統，該資料庫具有類似的擴展性。這是一個非常需要的學習曲線，因為它使我能夠探索與擴展系統相關的技術。

Over time, my natural inclination towards developing large computer systems gave me a high-level view of what kind of future platforms the world would need, and this became a driving factor in my founding DFINITY.

隨著時間的推移，我對開發大型電腦系統的自然傾向讓我對世界需要什麼樣的未來平台有了更高的認識，這成為我創立 DFINITY 的驅動因素。

3. In what ways do you believe the Internet Computer Protocol will transform current Internet paradigms?

3. 您認為網際網路電腦協定將在哪些方面改變目前的網際網路範式？

The Internet Computer enables a new and much broader Web 3.0 paradigm, which involves full stack decentralization, in which blockchain replaces Legacy IT and Web 2.0

網路電腦實現了一種新的、更廣泛的 Web 3.0 範式，其中涉及全堆疊去中心化，其中區塊鏈取代了傳統 IT 和 Web 2.0

The Internet Computer is created by a decentralized network protocol called Internet Computer Protocol that is by far the most sophisticated ever devised. The protocol is the product of many world-famous cryptographers, computer science researchers and engineers working at DFINITY. It is extremely complex, and relies heavily on novel distributed computing math, cryptography, and other computer science.

互聯網計算機是由一種稱為互聯網計算機協議的分散式網絡協議創建的，該協議是迄今為止設計的最複雜的。該協議是 DFINITY 眾多世界著名密碼學家、電腦科學研究人員和工程師的成果。它極其複雜，並且很大程度上依賴新穎的分散式計算數學、密碼學和其他計算機科學。

We are the only blockchain network in the world that is capable of hosting social networks and enterprise systems. This ultimately means that ICP provides an alternative to the Legacy IT stack, which incorporates Web 2.0 infrastructures such as centralized cloud services run by Big Tech, which operate databases and web servers.

我們是世界上唯一能夠託管社交網路和企業系統的區塊鏈網路。這最終意味著 ICP 提供了傳統 IT 堆疊的替代方案，其中包含 Web 2.0 基礎設施，例如由大型科技公司運行的集中式雲端服務，這些服務運行資料庫和 Web 伺服器。

By allowing humanity’s systems and services to run entirely on a blockchain, we can

透過允許人類的系統和服務完全在區塊鏈上運行，我們可以